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  • 1982 Volume 2 Issue 2
    Published: 20 March 1982
      
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  • RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT OF THE RESEARCH WORK ON THE CLASSIFICATION,REGIONALIZATION AND MAPPING OF THE GEOMORPHOLOGY OF CHINA
    Shen Yuchang, Su Shiyu, Yin Zesheng
    1982, 2(2): 97-105. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1982.02.97
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    The research work on the classification,regionalization and mapping of the geomorphology of China started very early,but essential work was done after libcration.This article gives a brief account of the history of the work and its present condition,and presents some suggestions as to the orientation of the work in the future.Many geomorphologists in starting their investigations to be in accord with the national economical constructions since the 1950s,have proposed various kinds of classifications on the basis of the genesis of geomorphology,and also put forward the criteria of classification of various types of forms.The work of regionalization of geomorphology opened up vigorously from the end of the 1950s to the beginning of the 1960s,along with the regionalization of physical geography of the whole country and the provinces(regions).In addition to the work above mentioned,many other kinds of geomorphological mapping have been carried out too,such as loess landforms,plain landforms,desert morphology,sea-floor morphology,etc,which have been put into practice by the economic departments.Besides,in respect of theories,methods,and practice of the mapping,some new conceptions and new methods have been discussed,and abundant data and new expe-riences have been collected.From now on we should spare no effort in studying and practising the principles of geomorphological regionalization,legendary system,mapping technology,ways of expression,quantitative measurement of the landforms,as well as the application of new technology in mapping.
  • AN APPROACH TO THE CHARACTERISTICS AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES OF PEAT IN CHINA
    Ma Xuehui
    1982, 2(2): 106-116. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1982.02.106
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    The basic characteristics of The peat in China are as follows:Most of the peat belong to the herb peat type with rich-nutrition,having intermediate degree of decomposition with a high ash and humic acid content,an abundent quantity of nitrogen,but a low content of bitumin.In China paludification may be summarized into four types:Water-body paludification:meadow paludification;meadow paludification;forest land paludifica-tion;and frozen soil paludification.Based on the radioactive isotope C14 dating,result of sporepollen analysis and stratigraphic data,Holocene had been divided into three peak periods of peat dev-elopment with wide distribution and rapid accumulation of peat.The first peak period,datad 10300 to 9000 years BP.,was the local peatland growing period.The second peak period,dated 6000—4700 years BP.,and the third peak period,dated 3400—2000 years BP.,were the peatland widely and vigorously growing periods.The peaks of peat accumulation appeared in the periods when the climate changing from warm to cold,or from cold to warm.Because of the vast land and complicate landform in China,the last melting time of the continental glacier varied with different places,the time when peat began to accumulate was also different,The general tendency was that the time of peat accumulation in the south was earlier than in the north,in plains than in mo-untains,and in coastal areas than in inland.
  • SOME PROBLEMS ON THE RATIONAL UTILIZATION OF LAND RESOURCES IN CHINA
    Fang Rukang
    1982, 2(2): 117-124. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1982.02.117
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    Land is man’s most valuable natural resource which is also the fundamental means of agricultural production.The scope and profundity of use of the land resou-rces indicates the scale and level of the agriculturel production of the country.The present article tries to discuss some problems on the rational utilization of land resources in China in three aspects:main characteristics of the land resources,chief problems on the use of land resources and principal approaches to the rational use and protection of the land resources of China.The article stresses in particular the main approaches to the rational use of land resources such as scientific investegation of the land resources,adaptation to local conditions,comprehensive utilization of lands and application of scientific techniques.
  • STUDIES OF THE STRUCTURAL LANDFORMS OF THE POTWAR PLATEAU,PAKISTAN
    Xu Shuyihg, Li Jijun, Ai Nanshan
    1982, 2(2): 125-134. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1982.02.125
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    The Potwar Plateau in the north of Pakistan is the region where the Siwalik Group(regarded as the standard strata of Late Cenozoic in South Asia)is most widely distributed and the part most recently uplifted in the Himalayan Orogenic Zone.The two of the writers(Xu and Li)have had the opportunity of visiting this region during the summer of 1980.Basing on our own on the spot invostiga-tion and the works of predecessors,we attempt to make a systematic exposition of the structural relief and its evolution in the region investigated.The Siwalik Group was deposited during the period from middle Miocene to middle Pleistocene dated as 10.2—1.8 m.y.B.P.by paleomagnetic data.The lower beds of this group are fine clastics,but on the top,they change abruptly to boulder beds dated as 1.8 m.y.B.P..The temporal and spatial variations in the rate of deposition in the Siwalik Group reflect the uplift history and the extent of the Himalayan Orogenic Zone.The Potwar Plateau belongs to one of the blocks of the imbricating thrust faults of the Himalaya-Salt Range.The times of intensive activity of its southern principal border fault and its northern front fault have been dated as 2 and 0.7—0.4 m.y.B.P.respectively.The time when the Siwalik Group was first folded is dated as 2.7—1.2 m.y.B.P..While its turning into hills is dated as 1.5—0.4 m.y.B.P..The rate of uplift has been increasing.Judging from the variations of sedimentary facies of the Group with time and the time of faulting activities,we can consider that the two peneplains in this re-gion were formed in the early Pliocene and in the early Pleistocene respectively.The general altitudes of these peneplains are 1600m and 500m.above sea level.They form the bases for the later relief evolution in the foreland of the Himalayas and in the Potwar Plateau.In early Pleistoncene the Potwar Plateau was deeply dissected by the Indus and its tributaries forming 3—5 terraces.It has been determined from the valley trends of this region that the principal compression diretion of the neotectonic stress field of the region in question is N 10°E showing that the Indian Plate is moving due north to collide with the Asian Plate.
  • CLIMATIC BASES FOR RATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF MAIN CROPS IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE
    Sun Yuting, Yang Zhihui
    1982, 2(2): 135-142. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1982.02.135
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    In this paper,the authors had analyzed the interrelationship between the climatic conditions and the yields of the main crops such as maize,soybean,and wheat in Heilongjiang province;established climate-yield model for yield with solar radiation,dryness index,and mean air temperature in July and August;also analyzed the variation coefficient of climate-yield relationship for various regions.On these bases,the authors determined the major planting regions for maize,soybean,and wheat;and studied the distribution structure of various crops in these major planting regiongs by means of the linear programming method.Consequently,the climatic bases for rational distribution of crops were provided.
  • GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL LANDSCAPE IN YANGHE VALLEY
    Wang Jinghua, Zheng Jianxun
    1982, 2(2): 143-153. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1982.02.143
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    This paper gives consideration to the formation of the natural landscape in the Yanghe valley and the transporting and cumulating law of chemical elements in landscape.The landscape pattern in the valley is classified according to the landscape system of landscape-type,landscape-order,landscape-species,and landscape-subspecies.The trace elements contents in the basin-landscapeare higher than those in the motmtain-landscape;for example,the average content of Cu is mostly 24.6 ppm,of As,4.7 ppm,of Ni,20.9ppm in the mountani-landscape,while concentrations of Cu,As,Ni in the basin landscape are respectively 39.9,7.5,and 26.1 ppm.As a result,it causes an increase of Cu,As,Ni,Hg,Zn content of cultivated crop in the basin-landscape.Human activity has a strong influence upon the landscape.As in the basin-landscape region,the population is dense and its industry and agriculture are well-developed,it will also be the region with the chemical elements concentrated.
  • THE APPLICATION OF FUZZY MATHEMATICS IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF AGROCLIMATE OF MICROREGIONS
    Yiang Meihua, Wang Mingwen
    1982, 2(2): 154-161. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1982.02.154
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    Taking the data of agricultural microclimate in the towns and communes of Jian County,Jilin Province as an example,in this articlea preliminary attempt has been made in the classifica-tion of agroclimate with the theory of fuzzy mathematics and its method.Fuzzy mathematics is a way of dealing with fuzzy phenomena;especially in microregions(under the level of county)where the lack of experimental and observational data is apparent,it has more significance of practicality to apply the concept of fuzzy sets to the analysis of climate.This article highlights an exposition of the procedure of fuzzy clustring analysis and its application in the classification of agroclimate as well as a few points of personal experience in the preliminary study and research.It was proved in practice that the fuzzy clustering analysis can mere objectively reflect the quanfifafive relationship of various climatic regions,and that in applying this method to the classification of agroclimate microregion,the logical deduction is reasonable,the methodology is simple and convenient;the classifica-tion is plain and the system of classification is clear.
  • ANALYSIS ON WATER BALANCE CHANGES CAUSED BY WATER TRANSFER FROM SOUTH TO NORTH
    Liu Changming
    1982, 2(2): 162-169. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1982.02.162
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    The present paper mainly deals with prediction of the water balance changesin the North China Plain(NCP),the water import regions of water diversion fromthe Chanjiang(Yangtze)River.For the quantitative estimation of water balance changes in the NCP somedeterministic models have been provided by the auther.
  • VEGETATION OF THE SONGNEN PLAIN
    Li Chonghao, Zheng Xuanfeng, Zhao Kuiyi, Ye Juxin
    1982, 2(2): 170-178. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1982.02.170
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    This paper describes vegetation on the Songnen Plain and classifies vegetation types in steppes,meadows and swamps.The authors not only discuss the ecological condition of steppe vegetation,the constituents of plant population on the Songnen Plain,and their bacie types and succession,but also approach some ways of artificial improvement on natural steppes.In this region,there are 27 associations which are suitable for grazing and 450 plant species which are suitable for forage.Among them,more than 30 species belong to fine grass of perennial gramineous and leguminous plants.
  • SOME PROBLEMS CONCERNING THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN CITIES
    Yao Shimou, Wu Chucai, Xu Guiqing
    1982, 2(2): 179-187. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1982.02.179
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    It is a well known fact that a city is the center of both regional economic development and various kinds of physical elements;and it plays a tremendous rule,active,creative,and production-organlzational,in the development of national economy.with the development of industry and communications in the city,greater and greater changes have taken place in city space;and,as a result,the contents of economic activities,cultural life,and social intercourse are more colourful than ever to a wider and comprehensive extent.To meet such progressive requirements,various fundamental activities in the city call for higher functional ability and higher efficiency so as to form an organically integrated unit.The main basic requirements are:(1)Rationalization of city planning.(2)Modernization of communication facilities,(3)Gardenization of city environment,and(4)Socialization of urban life.As the relations of urban arrangements with natural economy,especially those in the following respects,are so complicate with each other,they should be dealt with carefully:(1)To handle carefully the relation betwecn urban and regional economic development;(2)To make a good job of the relation of bringing large cities under control with the development of medium and small sized cities;(3)To deal better with the orientation and function of the development of each city or town in its regional system.As there is a close relationship between the level of rationalization of city planning construction and urban economic benefit,there is a need of further study and analysis of the urban economic benefit for the development of modern city planning construction.