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  • 1983 Volume 3 Issue 2
    Published: 20 March 1983
      
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  • ON THE NUMERICAL IDENTIFICATION OF HYDROTHERMAL CONDITION FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEGETATION IN CHINA
    Liu Duosen, Cai Weiqi
    1983, 3(2): 95-102. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1983.02.95
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    In order to identify hydrothermal Condition for distribution of vegetation,nine indices were taken from 586 meteorological stations in China,i.e.temperature effect of Chemical reactions in nature (T),mean air temperature in thecoldest tenday period (t1),number of days with daily mean air temperature≥10℃(Dt),moisture effect (M),effect of saturated water vapour pressure (V),relative humidity (f),numbcr of days with daily precipitation≥10mm (Dp),altitude(A),and latitude (L).The 586×9 original data mentioned above were treated by the method of principal component analysis.No correlation is found among different principalComponents,each component reflecting a different and independent factor.Fromeigenvectors of the first two principal components,it will be seen that the firstprincipal component reflects thermal intensity in a region,and the second reflects moisture intensity in a region.Cumulative variance of first and second principal components to 84.6%.From principal component analysis,we have obtained sets of points of firstand second principal components for 13 vegetation types of China.It is betterto use these polntsets to identify hydrothcrmal condition of different typesof vegetation in China.These vegetation types are:1.savanna,2.tropical bush,3.warm evergreen and deciduous bush,4.warm forest,5.warm deciduousbush,6.temperate dry deciduous bush,7.temperatemoist deciduous bush,8.temperate forest,9.desert,10.desert steppe,11.steppe,12.alpine steppe,and13.alpine meadow.
  • A NEW CONNEXION EQUATION OF HEAT AND WATER BALANCES AND ITS APPLICATINO TO HYDROLOGICAL PRACTICES
    Wu Houshui
    1983, 3(2): 103-108. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1983.02.103
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    Based on considerations of the relationship between the evapotranspirationand the humidthermal conditions,a new connexion equation of heat and waterbalances has been developed:E=(R/L)em(R/Lr) Where E is the mean annual evapotranspiration;R,the annual radiation balance;r,the annual precipitation;L,the latent heat of evaporation;and m,anempirical coefficient.The results obtained from calculating the annual values of evapotranspirationfor some stations in the Yellow River Basin and South China by the new equation,as compared with those calculated from water balance data,are similar andacceptable.As conclusion,the application of the new equation to hydrological practicesis found to be reasonable.
  • SOME PROBLEMS ON ZONAL PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION
    Liu Zaixing
    1983, 3(2): 109-115. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1983.02.109
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    On what territorial elements should we base,our arrangement of zonal production distributions?Arrangement of zonal production distributions based onprovinces,six administrative areas,metropolitan economical zones or energy region divisions are proved to be improper.Synthetical economic region divisiontaking industry as its main body and the metropolises as its fulcrums is a comparatively better scheme.What is the correct ideology governing the arrangement of zonal production distribution?Before any offical synthetical edonomic regiondivision is worked out,we should properly adjust the proportion between the levels of development of the three major territorial elements the developed coastal area,the undeveloped border area and the intermediate area;pay more attention to the development of the border area and intermediate area while consolidating and strengthening the coastal area;correctly determine the respectivedeveloping strategies of the three territorial elements according to their own conditions and propcrties;coordinate the ratios of development between these areas in a planned way and promote the general upsurge of national economy.
  • A STUDY OF WIND POWER RESOURCES IN LIAONING PROVINCE
    Yuan Gouen, Han Xisan, He Yuanbin
    1983, 3(2): 116-124. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1983.02.116
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    In this paper,errors presented during computing wind power by routine windspeed automatic recording data were discussed.The wind power resources all overLianning province were Computed by Weibull model.Computal formulas foreffective wind power density and best designed wind speed of windpoweredgenerators were derived from Weibull model.Time and space variations of windpower in Liaoning province were analyzed.Region alization of wind power resourcesof whole province was made by taking annual mean effective wind power asindex.Some sugg setions for using wind power resources in Liaoning provincewere proposed.
  • PRESENT SITUATION AND DEVELOPING TENDENCIES OF COUNTY MAPS IN OUR COUNTRY AND OUR SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT
    Huang Wanhua, Zhang Tianzhen
    1983, 3(2): 125-131. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1983.02.125
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    In this paper a brief review has been made about the three periods of development of eotmty wall map making,and then analytical stresses are highlightedon the developing tendencies in 5 aspects:(1) The purposes of its productionbecome clearer daily.(2) The regional characteristics become more obvious.(3) The contents about quantity marks are increasing especially about agriculturalstatus.(4) Map making is developing from single map to series of maps.(5) Maps made by the joint efforts of concerning organizations of the province andthe county become more popular.Specialsubject maps based on the actual requirements of agricultural productionshould be mainly made in the future.Here we make our proposals for improvement in editing as follows:(1) Contents and informafions should be furtherenriched.(2) Regular mapping project should be established and its mathematicalaccuracy should be improved.(3) Proportion of maps for all subjects should beproper.(4) Standardization of the symbols in county maps should be graduallyrealized on the basis of the symbols used in the national graphical maps.(5) Remote sensing techniques should be more widely used so as to improve mapquality and speed up mapping processes.(6) Symbol for inhabited places ingeneral maps should be changed from a circle to plane outline for representation.
  • PERIGLACIAL ENVIRONMENT AND SOIL FAUNA ON NORTHERN SLOPE OF CHANGBAI MOUNTAIN
    Chen Peng, Zhang Yi
    1983, 3(2): 133-140. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1983.02.133
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    As the periglacial environment of the alpine tundra is dull and harsh,itdecides that there are not too many kinds,individual number and biomass ofsoil animals.Twenty kinds of soil animals as acquired by Tullgren and Baermann Gathering Method,and divided into five phylumes and nine classes:they are Plathelminthes,Nemathelminthes,Annelida,Mollusca,Arthropoda,Turbellaria,Nematcda,Olgicchaeta,Gastropcda,Symphyle and Insect.Mean density of big soil animals is 259.5/m2,and of medium soil animalsis 75507.6/m2.Dominant species are Euchyraeidaf,Nernatoda and Collembolacommon species are Acarina,Coleoptera and Terricolae.The kinds and individual number of soil animals are decreaeing with increasing of the altitude above sea level.The density A/C of Collembola and Acarinais less than one.The kinds of the big soil animals are the most(15)in the depression,the individual number of the big soil animals are the most (720)in the northern slope.Individual density increases with increase of content of the organic substances.When moisture content in the soll is less than 50%,species and number of soil animals decrease markedly.
  • RECENT FLUVIAL PROCESS OF THE XIJIANG MAIN RIVER COURSE IN THE ZHUJIANG DELTA
    Qiao Pengnian
    1983, 3(2): 141-150. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1983.02.141
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    The main river course of Xijiang in the Zhujiang delta is characterized byalluvial process and closely connected with the evolution of the delta.Withregard to the fluvial process of the reach in recent period,only the threefollowing problems will be discussed in this paper:(1) The profile of the river bed has a very gentle gradient and greaterundulation in elevation.This is the result of interaction of many factors suchas hydrodynamics,sediments and boundary of the estuary during a long developing period of the delta thro ugh deposition.(2) The characteristics of deposition and erosion of the river are primarily demonstrated in:1.The cross section of the bed is more stable than theprofile.2.The secular trend of deposition interrupted by a short period oferosion and deposition.3.There are seasonal changes with erosion occurring inflood season and deposition in dry season.4.The cross section of the mouthtends to become narrower and deeper gradually.5.An adjustment of river hasoccurred due to the projects of the joining dykes and constructing sluices,landreclaimation from the sea and the controlling engineering of the mouth.(3) The oncoming sediment of Xijiang basin is the primary source ofthe material in forming the subaqueous delta offshore.For the present,thedelta is extending towards the Continental shelf.
  • APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE TO THE INVESTIGATION ON REED RESOURCE OF BOSITENG LAKE IN XINJIANG PROVINCE
    Hua Runkui, Li Yuqin
    1983, 3(2): 151-158. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1983.02.151
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    It was efficient and reliable to investigate the reed resource of Bositeng Lakein Xinjiang province,characterized by complicated types of reed land and verydifferent reed growth using colour infrared airphotos,Landsat images andmultiband imagery.At first,based on Landsat images and relevant data,we conducted(regional preinterpretation)to analyze ecological environment of study area,thecharacteristics of reed land types and imaging mechanism to determine the programfor abstracting remote sensing information and aerial photographic conditions. On the processed Landsat images and airphotos,we considered typicallygeographic features and reed land types,preselected ground sampling sectionsand spots,then determined indexes classifying reed land types according tosampling data and image characteristics,established various interpretation keys,drew distribution maps of reed land types and measured the area of varioustypes of reed land following geometric correction.On the other hand,based onsampling values and habitat Conditions of reed,we divided study area into anumber of pieces,estimated weight per unit area with weighted average methodone piece by one piece,finally calculated the total reserve of reed resource.
  • A COMMENT ON THE PROBLEM OF URBAN ECOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES AND TOWNS ALONG THE TAIHU LAKE REGION IN SOUTHERN JIANGSU
    Xu Guiqing, Yao Shimou, Dong Yawen, Wu Chicai
    1983, 3(2): 159-166. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1983.02.159
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    Well known as a heavenly endowed place,the Taihu Lake area is dense inpopulation,widely spread over with mediumand smallsized towns,prosperous ineconomy and Convenient in communications and transport.Since liberation,therehas been a rapid development both in urban economy (industry in particular) andin urban construction.However,due to the inadequate understanding of ecological environment in parallel with the growing development in economy,quitea number of problems pertinent to ecology came into question,such as unsuitablestructure of land use,imbalance of water supply and demand,seriousness of environment pollution,subsidence of ground surface and deterioration of human health.These questions,if handled with indifference,will possibly lead to an imbalancein urban ecology and even to a trend from bad to worse.To make a good job of the researches in urban ecology around the TaihuLake region,the three following points are here proposed.1.To rationally make an overall arrangement of cities and towns from theviewpoint of regional ecological equilibrium;2.To properly solve the problems about dividing of regions according tourban functions from the requirements of human living conditions;3.To alter the urban economic framework and its developing trend fromthe angles of material circulation and energy exchange.
  • AN EXAMPLE OF RESEARCH ABOUT INHABITANTS PERCEPTION GEOGRAPHY——ANALYZE AN INVESTIGATION ON GANGZHOU CITY
    Xu Fang
    1983, 3(2): 167-174. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1983.02.167
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    What is a subjective environment?What are its characteristics?This articleattempts to make some research about subjective environment and to employ itscharacteristics in urban planning.According to the results of this investigation,people do not perceive theGanzhou city as an ancient city surrounded by two rivers.In other words,thecityconstruction of Ganzhou does not give people the impression of itsdistinguishing features.It is a pity for wasting such scenery resources.Another important enlightenment is that how we should design the roads fora city,especially a city in China,since there are so many bicycles to be used onthe road in our eotmtry.The “Three Parts” road planning……the main part of theroad for motor vehicles,and two subparts for bicycles……seems to be the mostsuitable design to be used in our clties.And the road system seems to be betterimpressed when roads intersect each other at right angles.Furthermore,as comparing this investigation with D.Appleyard’s of Cindadin Guayana,we are Sure that there are objective statistical laws for people’sperception as inhabitants are grouped by their various differences.
  • CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH“KESHAN DISEASE”IN THE PLATEAU SANDY SOIL OF KESHIKETENGQI,INNER MONGOLIA
    Yin Zhaohan, Yue Shurong, He Rongzhen
    1983, 3(2): 175-182. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1983.02.175
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    The plateau sandy soil of Keshiketengqi (it is called Keqi for short) is situated in the sheep farm of HaolukuBudengshan.It is a long and narrow regionwhich is 100 km across from east to west and 60 km from north to south.According to previous record,“Keshan Disease”and “KasehimBeck Disease” have occurredmany times in this localitsy the nearer 100 years.These diseases are the immediateharm to the people’s health in body and heart.It is possible that these diseases andthe characteristics of the local environmental geochemistry are closely related,The characteristics of environmental geochemistry in Keqi plateau sandy soilare rich of silicon and poor in many trace elements,particularly the water solubleselenium.The deficiency of water soluble selenium necessarily leads to low seleniumcirculation in soilplantanlmalhuman body system.Water soluble selenium content of grassland soil is around 0.8 ppb;that of cultivated soil is around 0.65 ppbthe average of selenium content in grain and forage grass is around 7 ppb and6 ppb respectively;that in sheep wool is around 25 ppb.The circulation oflow selenium is interrelated with“Keshan Disease”and “White Muscle Disease”in this locality.These circumstances probably are important to the inducement ofsuch diseases in this locality.Through supplying selenium to the residents and domestic animals of thislocality,the selenium level in bodies are raised year by year.Selenium plays animportant role in the prevention and cureness of “Keshan Disease” and “WhiteMuscle Disease”.
  • PRILIMINARY RESEARCH ON SPORE-POLLEN ASSOCIATION OF THE SECTION OF HUANG SHAN IN HAERBIN
    Xia Yumei, Wang Peifang, Wang Manhua
    1983, 3(2): 183-187. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1983.02.183
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    The section of Huang Shan is one of the standard sections of quaternary stratigraphy in northeast China,it is situated in the northeast suburbs of Haerbin.Having studied it for many times,we obtained results on the sporepollen association consistent with those on C14 plant fossil,animals fossils,etc.The Huang Shan section of the late period of late pleistocene was dividedinto two sporepollen association.In the late half of the period,Picea was predominant,except having a little Selaginella and Bctrychium.The climate was verycold and wet.In the last part of the period,Artermisia,Chenopodiaceae and otherherbacous pollen increased,and Picea and tree pollen dccreased,The climate changed to drycold.The above mentioned pollen association feature was representative of periglacial vegetation and periglacial climate.It also proved that the climate of DaiLi glaciation had spread to Huang Shah region.