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  • 1985 Volume 5 Issue 2
    Published: 20 March 1985
      
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  • INFLUENCE OF GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE ON PERMAFROST
    Guo Dongxin
    1985, 5(2): 97-105. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1985.02.97
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    The regional characteristic of geologic structure,especially the quality, range and process of tectogenesis possess quite a large controlltion to the lithofacies feature of local sediment,the extent of fracture and the hydrogeologic condition which are in close rlationship with the thickness,temperature of permafrost,the cryogenic composition and the distribution,compose of cryogenic phenomenon. In this paper geologic structure why to influence permafrost was dealed with and illustrate regional diffrence of geologic structure to the influence of the distribution continuity temperature and thickness of permafrost the cryogenic composition and the cryogenic phenomenon.
  • A NEW TROPHIC STATE INDEX OF WATER BODY
    Chen Tiangen
    1985, 5(2): 106-110. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1985.02.106
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    A few kind of foreign trophic state indexes or models are briefly described and assessed in this paper.It is shown that these indexes or models are all statistical ones and merely are adapted to assess tropic state of lake in some research regions or another comparable regions.So a new kind of trophic state index is proposed.The index is of characteristics as follows: totality,simplicity and reliability of showing lake trophic states,authority of assessment standards,and equality among the sub-indexes.The index shortcoming is that it is only adapted for phosphorus-limiting lakes. In this paper the trophic state index is used to assess the trophic state of the West Lake in Hangzhou.The assessment result is both reasonable and reliable.
  • REGIONALIZATION OF MOUNTAINS IN CHINA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND RECONSTRUCTION OF MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS
    Jia zongji, Li Xiaofang
    1985, 5(2): 111-122. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1985.02.111
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    The present paper deals with principles and methods for the regionalization of mountainus regions in China,aiming at to provide a certain basic information of natural and economic,even social conditions of each region for the developmet and construction of Chinese mountainous regions.
  • ANALYSIS OF PROBABILITY FOR MATERIAL SOURCES
    Li Quzhang
    1985, 5(2): 123-128. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1985.02.123
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    A mineral association has been named the daughter group and its original materials(meterial source) have been named mother group,the later can consist of a single material,i.e.a single material source,or of several meterial sources in a certain propotion,i.e.compound material source.Generally,the minerals contained in daughter group must appear in mother group, but minerals that were not contained in daughter group must not appear. Quantitatively,the proportation of various minerals in daughter group should be approximately similar to one in mother group. According to the rule stated above,by means of fuzzy mathematics the author gives out a mathematical model based on actual mineral species and quatity,in order to calculate possibility that this mineral association originates from another mineral association.Taking the West Talimu Basin as an example,the paper discusses the .practicl of this effect of model.
  • CLIMATIC FLUCTUATIONS IN BEIJING
    Feng Liwen
    1985, 5(2): 129-137. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1985.02.129
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    In this paper,the climatic fluctuations in Beijing during the past 100 years were analyzed.The climate is coldest between the end of 19th century and beginning of 20th century,1920’s and 1940’s are warmer,the last 30 years and colder than normal.The variation of precipitation is also analysed.The precipitation is more than normal from 1870’s to 1890’s.Since the begining of this century,the precipitation has been less than normal except 1950’s,but the summer rainfall is decrease obviously.The cyclic changes of the temperature and the precipitation were analyzed too in the paper. The relationships between climatic fluctuation of Beijing and solar activity, and the atmospheric circulation are discussed and the future climate of Beijing is inferred.
  • A STATISTICAL STUDY ON HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AT HANKOU
    Chen Hailung
    1985, 5(2): 138-144. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1985.02.138
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    In this paper,the discharge of Yangtze River at Hankou is used as an index to denote drought and flood years in the region of the upper and middle reaches.All mean discharge data during June-Sept.from 1865-1981 may be divided into three different groups by two indicatrixes.Statistical test shows that this classification was reasonable and applicable for hydrological analysis.Based upon what diseribed,these two series group can be classified as 5 types by mean cluster analysis,i.e.summer drought,summer and autumn drought,summer flood, late summer flood,and summer and autumn flood.In addition,the characteristics of hydrology and circulation for each type have been discussed in detail here. According to 18 primary factors,which the correlation coefficient in reference to Hankou’s discharge is≥0.5,the discharge forecast at Hankou from June to Sept of 1982 has been made.The values forecasted are as same as those observed.
  • PALYNOLOGICAL ASSEMBLAGES FROM THE LATE QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS OF NINGBO PLANE IN ZHEJIANG PROVINCE AND THEIR PALEOGEOGRAPHY
    Wang Kaifa, Zhang Yulan
    1985, 5(2): 145-152. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1985.02.145
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    The spores and pollen fossils from the Quaternary sediments of Ningbo Plane which lies the northeast of Zhejiang Province,can be divided into 8 spores and pollen zones,in ascendant order: 1.Cupressaceae-Pinus-Quercus dentata-Concentricystes spores and pollen zone. 2.Quercus acutissima-Cyclobalanopsis-Ulmus-Chenopodium spores and pollen zone. 3.Cupressaceae-Pinus-Gramineae spores and pollen zone. 4.Quercus dentata-Quercus aleina-Cupressaceae-Pinus-Chenopodiaceae spores and pollen zone. 5.Quercus acutissima-Quercus aleina-Pinus-Cyclobalanopsis spores andpollen zone. 6.Cyclobalanopsis-Castanopsis-Myrica-Chenopodiaceae spores and pollen zone. 7.Castanea-Quercus acutissima-Cupressaceae Gramineae spores and pollen zone. 8.Quercus acutissima-Castanea-Cyclobalanopsis-Sparganiaceae spores and pollen zone. The climate change phases of Ningbo Plane reflected by these spores and pollen zones since Late pleistocene are as follow: Cold and moist-Warm and humid-cold and dry-cool and a little dry-temperate and cool-hot and moist-temperate and a little dry-warm aud humid. 1—3 spores and pollen zones are thought of as Late pleistocene and 4—8 spores and pollen zones as Holocene.
  • ON THE MACROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES AND TOWNLETS
    Ye Shunzan
    1985, 5(2): 153-159. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1985.02.153
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    The county territory is a basic territorial unit for planning the distribution of villages and townlets.The sociaI and economic connections between rural settlemets are kept mainly in accordance with local administrative relations There ar ecounty centres,district centres,township centres,large villages and hamlets.There are 18% of total county centres in China without founding town administrative organization,but treated as urban settlements in town planning and construction.Only a very few of district centres and township centres have administrative town organization.This article expound the characters,functions,structures,sizes,sphere of influence or linkages,their perspectives,main points for distribution planning and construction of settlements of different administrative grades in county. The changes in distribution,characters,functions and other aspects of villages and townlets are caused by bothrural social-economic development and urban-industrial development,such as specialized farm households and main producer farm households,the prosperity of rural marketing,the development of service trades in countryside;the construction of new satellite towns and manufacturing or mining areas,the reformation in the administrative system, for example,central cities on the prefecture-level with developed industry and commerce can exercise direct leadership over surrounding counties.Briefly,the two urbanization processes from bottom up to top and from top down to bottom bring great impact on rural construction.
  • A PRILIMINARY STUDY ON DYNAMIC CHANGE OF LANDUSE USING REMOTE SENSING
    Liu Xinghan, Zhao Huachang
    1985, 5(2): 160-166. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1985.02.160
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    Remote sensing technique can use be to study dynamic change of landuse,its informations can directly be obtained from a series of sequent,periodical and temporal satellite images.It has been shown that on this aspect remote sensing image interpretation has a great of advantage over other survey technique,such as low cost,high precision and speed,especially in an outlying district. According to Landsat-2,3,4,MSS (1975—1983),RBV and their enhanced images,the yearly dynamic change of landuse in the Sanjiang Plain has been obtained by interpretation and analysis.The method is that,the first is to draw main limits and outlines of surface on two base maps which were made of polyster film,the secondary step is to put one on top of another for comparison and estimation,and the third step is to estimate percentage of change of each type of landuse.The results are obvious,arable land is contineuously enlarging,new residential areas are constantly emerging,river engineerings are extending,at that time,wilderness and tree land are unceasingly decreasing. In addition,it is known as a fact that remote image can be used to monitor effectivelly flood change and to draw outline of the flood extension of Sonhuajiang river,Raoli river and so on.
  • A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OE SOIL BY USING REMOTE SENSING IMAGE IN TIANSHUI DISTRICT
    Hu Shuangxi, Ma Hongliang, Lu Pengnan, Ge Hepin
    1985, 5(2): 167-172. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1985.02.167
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    Using satellite and aerial photos,maps in large scale and others the parameter variables for classification of soil types are chosen.By the cluster analysis of"matching coefficients"a soil type map in Tianshui District is made and the areas of each kind of soil types are measured. The remote data from satellite are a spectrum record,it is not directly connected with the earth surface covered by soil.But because of close soil relation with the surface complex,the statistical analysis on the basis of comprehensive information,as a method,have great potentialities for application, Since grey scale of one part compare with another only on same a picture, it is the question not researched in this paper whether measurement of colour grey scale of soil image will result in dispersal of light density.
  • FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF PEATLANDS IN XIZANG PLATEAU
    Song Haiyaun, Wang Debin, Zhao Quiyi
    1985, 5(2): 173-178. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1985.02.173
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    A preliminary investigation indicates that peatlands in Xizang plateau are mainly low and eutrophic herboceous peatlands,in which reserves of peat is nearly 170 million tons. Formation and evolution of peatlands was closely related to tectonic uplift of the plateau which resulted in climatic changes,regionaly active structure breaks and differential subsidence as Well. 1.The peatlands was mainly distributed at the altitute of 3600—4600m in the 28°—31°N,Lat.,which formed a long and narrow zone of 300km from the south to norh,and the width from East to west is 1200 kin. 2.At present,peatlands that formed in the periods of early and middle Holocene have been degenerated and shrunk,and there is a clear trend to meadow bogs or meadow.Developing peatlands were only distributed at the altitute of 3600—4200m in various valleies and basins,with an annual rainfall of 480—860mm;an accumulated tempeature(≥10℃) of 600—2000℃ and 100—150 days of which daily mean temperature is≥10℃. 3.Glacial meltwater is a main resource of water supply for the development of peatlands in the Xizang plateau. 4.There is a 30—60cm thick frozen soil layer at the depth of 60—100 cm below the surface of peatland,which is found at the altitute of 4000— 4600m near the line of 30°N,Lat.
  • AN APPROACH TO BACKGROUND VALUES OF Cu,Pb,Mo IN PERSONAL HAIR IN JILIN PROVINCE AND THEIR APPLICATION
    Wu Dunhu, Gu Hong
    1985, 5(2): 179-186. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1985.02.179
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    According to regional characteristics of the threenatural zones in Jilin prvince,the author collected 421 samples from personal hair in difierent zones,analysed the contents of Cu,Pb and Mo,and gave respectively the background values in the three zones and the mean value in Jilin province,those are Cu(7.43±1.97ppm),Pb(2.41±1.46ppm) and Mo(67.2±14.1ppb) in Jilin province;Cu(6.07±1.97),Pb(3.92±2.31ppm) and Mo(67.0±16.0ppb) in the East Mountaineous Zone,Cu(7.36±1.72ppm),Pb(2.36±1.57ppm) and Mo(40.1±10.4ppm) in the Middle Semi-Mountaineous Zone,and Cu(8.55± 2.11ppm),Pb(1.23±0.71ppm) and Mo(83.5±14.7ppb) in the West Plain Zone. The background value varies with regionally chemical features,the author point to differetiation in-content of Cu,Pb,Mo and their backgound value in the three zones as comppare with those in some provinces in China. The background value of Cu,Pb and Mo in personal hair can be used to indicate the differentiation in microelement between keshan’s disease area had indisease area,netherless,as a main method,the background value of Pb and its content in person hair can be used to avaluate environment quality and calculate its variation.