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  • 1989 Volume 9 Issue 2
    Published: 20 March 1989
      
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  • THE NATURE OF MIRE ECOSYSTEM
    Huang Xichou
    1989, 9(2): 97-104,195. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1989.02.97
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    Mire as an ecosystem, usually is considered as aquatic ecosystem, or terrestrial ecosystem. The author thinks that mire is a special ecosystem between these two ecosystems, and proposes the new concept that mire is a natural ecosystem with transitional nature of semi-land and semi-water formed by water and land interaction. The paper discusses the nature of mire ecosystem, the exploitation and utilization and ecological construction of mire in four parts. 1. Whereas mire ecosystem commonly occurs and exists in section or belts joined by water and land, mire can evolve from water-body or land. Except mire, other ecosystem cannot evolve from water or land, So the distri bution and growth of mire have the features of both water and land. 2. Water is the precondition and environmental factor of mire formation. Mire contains a lot of water, but it is not a real water-body.The paper discusses the hydrological regime and transition of ecological environment in terms of the existing and moving forms of water, water quality and hydrochemistry. 3. Ecological group is classified based on the comrosition and morphologicai-ecologieal feature of plant community and animal community. Some typical plants and animals in mires possess amphibious and transitional in order to adapt themselves to the special habitat of semi-water and semi-land. 4. There are various of types mire, so mire utilization are different, must depend on their features. Dike-pond system is a particular artificial ecosystem with water-land interaction. It makes good use of water and land resources. Building artificial sterero water-land system of planting and cultivating is an excellent successful experience in ecological construction of mire. According to the principile of dike-pond system, varionus patterns have been created in China.
  • SCIENTIFIC MATTER OF THEORETICAL GEOGRAPHY
    Yang Wuyang
    1989, 9(2): 105-112,195. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1989.02.105
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    Theoretical geography is a new branch of cortemporary geography. Compared with traditional geography, contemporary geography has three obvious characteristics.The whole process of the development of theoretical geography has been denoted since the 1950s. Theoretical geography consists of three main sections: 1) human being and environiment, i.e. man-earth relationship, 2)location theory as the core of this new branch, 3)regional studies introduced from systematic theory and new technology.Each section inherits one of the academic schools of traditional geography (ecological,spatial and regional) but has been intensified by innovations. Theoretical geography plays a pivotal role in geographical system.
  • ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORT BY RAILWAYS THROUGH CONTINANTS
    Qi Yong
    1989, 9(2): 113-121,195. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1989.02.113
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    The trnsport by railways through continents refers to the transport from one seaport to another one by railways across continents instead of ocean shipping. At present there are two transport routes; one is Asia—America—Europe route, the other is Europe—Asia route. The paper analyzes the present status of international transprt by railways through continents, discusses the probability and economic benefit that China carries out the transport by railways through Euraia. The distances and time of transport by railways and by sea are compared,Four plans of transport from China to some seaports by railways are proposed and compared, These four plans are Suifenhe Planet Dalian Plan, Tianjin Plan and Lianyungang Plan.
  • RESEARCH ON EXPLOITATION OF AGROCLIMATE RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC BENEFIT IN THE WUYI MOUNTAIN REGION
    Zhang Yarlgcai, Li Quansheng
    1989, 9(2): 122-132,195. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1989.02.122
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    This paper studies the features of agroclimate resources of light, heat and precipitation in different sloping positions.sloping fields,basins and valleys, and the ecological environment types of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry in the vertical direction; and approaches the ways to exploit rationally agroclimate resources and the economic benefit, according to the meteorological data from the stations (300,500,800,1000m above sea level) on the three profiles (southeast, northwest and north slopes) from 1983 to 1986,and the short-term investigation on different basins and valleys, by referece to agricultural data of the mountainous region, and applying fuzzy estimation and the theory of systematic engineering. The inversion in this mountainous region brings on favorable thermal resources to agricultural production, to create a warmer agroclimatic ecological environment. So it is suitable to plant thermophilic crops and long-growing and late-maturing varieties as well as subtropic ecnomie fruit trees.
  • ON COMMERCIAL DISTRICT STRUCTURE IN CHANGCHUN
    Li Zhenquan, Li Chenggu, Zhou Jianwu
    1989, 9(2): 133-141,195. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1989.02.133
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    Commerce, as a bridge linking production with consumer, plays an increasingly important role in the development of commodity economy today.The rationality of commercial district structure directly affects the economic benefit of commercial enterprises and the consumer need. So it is very necessary to study commercial district structure in order to dispose commercial enterprises reasonably, raise the economic benefit of commercial enterprises, satisfy increasingly consumer need and play the role of commerce in the development of urban economy. On the basis of the investigation,this paper analyzes the historical evolution and the present characteristics of commercial district structure in Changchun. Some constrtictive suggestions on the reasonable regulation and the disposition of commercial district structure in Changchun are made accor ding to its location conditions and economic development level.
  • A MODEL OF VERTICAL INFILTRATION OF FIELD SOIL WATER AND ITS APPLICATION
    Xu Qingshan, Sun Yongtang
    1989, 9(2): 142-151,195. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1989.02.142
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    In this paper a solution of soil-water infiltration under the conditions of rainfall and irrigation is obtained through solving the mathematical model of field soil-water infiltration with the second type boundary. This solution coincides with practical response better than the solution with the first type boundary. And the calculation precision is improved. According to the infiltration test data of Zhaozhou testing ground, the distribution in time and space, the capacity and velocity of soil-water infiltration are calculated and analyzed. It is very important to utilize and manage ratoinally resources of soil, water and fertilizer.
  • WATER SOIL CONDITIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN SANDY BOTTOMLAND IN YULIN, NORTHERN SHAANXI
    Chen Guangting
    1989, 9(2): 152-157,196. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1989.02.152
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    According to the origin and formation process, the sandy bottomland in Yulin, northeru Shaanxi is divided into three types: ancient valley, lake-mire lowland and wind erosion lowland. Among them, the lake-mire lowland accounts for over 75% of the total bottomland area. Taking Mangkeng bottomland as an example, the author analyses the advantages and disadvantages of water and soil conditions in the lake-mire bottomland. Because it developed from peat mire, peat layer and gley horizon are universally distributed under the soil layer. The peat layer consists of humus which is not completely decomposed. It can be used after maturation forced by man. The low tempe rature and excessive water saturation caused by gley horizon ropiness are the disadvantages of agricultural production. In accordance with the conditions mentioned above, the measures proposed are combining well drainage and well irrigation with ditch drainage, using turf and surface sand to improve soil, building the basic farmland with stable and high yield to develop agricultural production in bottomland.
  • THE MAIN PATTERNS AND PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION FROM LEAD AND ZINC SMELTERIES
    Zhao Guijiu, Zhang Shen, Yu Lichang, Peng Juchu
    1989, 9(2): 158-162,196. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1989.02.158
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    The forms and degree of air polluting surroundings are different due to the differences of regional climatic conditions resulting from different natural geographical environments. There are mainly three air pollution patterns, 1) wind-rose pattern, 2) air pollution extent pattern, and 3) topography pollution pattern. According to the law that smelteries pollute their surroungdings in subtropic regions with lead and zinc smelteris in China, three types of plants (sod, castor and broadleeaf trees) should be planted according to the pollution degree.
  • THE BASIC PROPERTIES AND FORMATION OF HYDROCHEMISTRY IN DALAI Nur LAKE, CHIFENG
    Gao Zhaoshan
    1989, 9(2): 163-172,196. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1989.02.163
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    Hydrochemistry in Dalai Nur Lake consists mainly of Cl, K and Na, is ClINa type of water. The hardness is low, the alkalinity is high, salt content is up to 5.62g/l, 2.7times higher than that of the Lake of the Changbai Mountain. The ion contents in Dalai Nur Lake water change with seasons, winter>spring>autumn and summer, except HCO3-. Even the same ion, its content has a little change in different places and depth of the lake, generally less than 1—3%. Water of the lake contains As, Cd and Fe. But Cr and other harmful elements are very little. Ions in the lake come mainly from bedrock and the Quaternary system. Ions in bedrock and soils are solved and leached by precipitation to enter water. Under the control of topography, the water containing these ions move to the lake area, to empty into the lake. Through the complex hydrological geochemical action of these ions in the lake, Ca, Mg and HCO3- are combined into non-soluble salts to be precipitated; ions of K, Na and Cl are relatively accumulated, forming ClINa type of water.
  • ANALYSIS OF RIVER CHANNEL CHANGE WITH THEORY OF DISSIPATIVE STRUCTURE
    Wang Zheng
    1989, 9(2): 173-180,196. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1989.02.173
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    River channel in natural geographical environment can be regarded as an open system defined by Prigogine, This paper approaches the formation of dissipative structure and analyzes river channel change with the theory of dissipative structure. The dynamic characteristics of river channels are shown in conclusions 1—5.
  • MODEL OF COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF APPLE CLIMATE RESOURCE IN LIAONING PROVINCE
    Liu Chuang
    1989, 9(2): 181-188,196. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1989.02.181
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    This paper discusses how to establish the mathematical model to evaluate apple climate resource in Liaoning Province, and gives the fuzzy mathematical evaluation models of 8 single factors.