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  • 1981 Volume 1 Issue 2
    Published: 20 March 1981
      
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  • SOME REMARKS ON THE NATURE OF GEOGRAPHY
    Lin Chao
    1981, 1(2): 97-104. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1981.02.97
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    The author attempts to answer the question raised by some students of geography,“what is geography”.Instead of giving a definition,the author begins with a discussion on the characteristics of geography.They are:1)Surface of ithe earth as the object of geographical stndy,2)the earth as the stage of human activities and the concept of noosphere,3)geography as an interdeciphinary science, 4)the concept of region and regional geography,5)synthesis in the study of geography,6)times and geography,7)purpose of the study of geography. The second part discusses the different schools and theories of geographical thought,following the themes suggested by P.Haggett(Loeational Analysis in Humon Geography,1965)They are:the traditional view of areal differentiation,the landscape school,the ecological school,the locafional school and set theory. The third part is a review on recent trends of geograpy,including:1)the rise of applied geography,2)synthesis versus analysis,3)from individual to collective efforts,4)application of new techniques. The paper ended with a review on the system of geography as proposed by H. Uhlig in“Organization and system of Geography”(Geoforum 1,1970).
  • GEO-SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS AND GROUND TRUTH STUDY FOR REMOTE SENSING BY SATELLITE
    Chen Shupeng
    1981, 1(2): 105-114. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1981.02.105
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    Since 1969,we have succeeded in Launching several scientific satellites,and developed the VHRR reciever for NoAA imagery.Images and data of Landsat and Meteologic satellite have preliminaryly been applied in some respects for geoscience research,for example:(1)Interpretation of Lineament,for the verifying of geotectonic partern and plate tectonics in china;(2)analyzing some dynamic phehomena of water body and air mass, and some significant track of natural changes in Chinese history;(3)monitoring the changes of biosystem and the pollution of Environment. Effects above are obvious while the development is rapid.Nevertheless,the research work of theory and methology for remote sensing analysis and interpretation in our country are lagging behind the needs of our national economy and the development of our remote sensor productiveness.The application for remote sensing in our country is at the preliminary stage as yet,it requires an advancing development step by step,according to our own natural resources,geographic conditions,and the characteristic of the socialist construction.(1)Utilizing panchromatic alr-photos,color-infrared air-photos and single band image of MSS from lansate,visoal interpretation,ground truth field checking, by optical instrument,for static analysis;(2)Using multi-spectral information,image matching and by electronicoptical instrument for thematic mapping;(3)Using multidate remote sensing image and data from satellite for monitoring and predicting dynamic phenomena and production management in accordance with time series;(4)Establishing an geo-information system data bank and using landsat remote sensing data for up-dating,from which the training area for computer aided analysis and data for classification are extracted.
  • SOME FACTORS OF PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND PARAMETER OF EARTH ROTATION
    Peng Gongbing
    1981, 1(2): 115-124. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1981.02.115
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    In this paper,the basic concept of the influence of earth rotation parameters on the physical geography factors,such as climate,sea and hydrology, were expounded;and the possible mechanism of influence was discussed.Besides, the author revealed a series of facts which indicated that variations of certain physical geography factors were related to the variation cycle of above-mentioned parameters correspondingly;the secular variations of precipitation and atmospheric temperature in some regions of our country were related to these parameters; The secular variations of the sea-level elevation,the sea water temperature in certain regions of the world,and the hydrological characteristics of the Yangtze River Basin also were related to it.Therefore,the author considers the parameters of earth rotation is one of the control factors on physical geography process.
  • THE RATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF COAL AND KEROGEN IN NORTH-EAST CHINA
    Hao Lingyun
    1981, 1(2): 125-134. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1981.02.125
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    The North-East Region of China consists of three provinces and three districts(Meng)of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.There are rich coal resources, making up 9% of the total coal resources of China,and kerogen resources are also rich there.The output of 1979 was more than 110 million tons,making up about 18% of the total coal output of China.Now coal consumption is about 70% of the total consumption of various energy constituents in this region.The minerogenetic epoches of the coal and kerogen are mainly in the Carboniferous and Permian period, the Jurassic and Cretaceous period,and Tertiary period.The coal generated in the two former periods is mainly bituminous coal,and in the latter is mainly brown coal. At present,there are two important problems on the production of coal industry here.fIrstly,the distribution of coal industry is not in equilibrium,most of them concentrates in the east part,but coal consumption concentrates in the middle industrial region.So,speedy development of several big brown coal field in the west part should be carried out,and coal or electric current should be sent to the middle part region.Secondary,the comprehensive and rational utilization of coal should be considered.Now about 80% of the coal consumed is used in direct burning in this region.The utilization coefficient is only about 25% of the heat energy of coal.So,it is very important to pay attention to coal screening,productive quality improving,and reducing of inefficient transport and discharge of pollutant.
  • THE ACTIVITY OF SUMMER MONSOON IN THE EASTERN PART OF CHINA
    Zhou Yufu, Xu Shuying
    1981, 1(2): 135-143. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1981.02.135
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    It is shown that the summer monsoon activity is not only associated with the movement of polar front and the west Pacific subtropical high but also closely related to the 100mb Tibetan high.The east-west or the north-south oscillation of Tibetan high will also influence the drought or floods of China.So that the above three factors are selected as the indexes to determine the date of onset and retreat of summer monsoon during recent thirty years(1951—1979). It is also found that the process of onset and retreat of summer monsoon has three basic patterns.The stepwise advancing pattern,the north-south oscillation pattern and the slow or stagnant pattern.But these patterns are always interalternated and their interannual variation is quite different.
  • THE STUDY ON THE SPORE—POLLEN GROUPS AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTH XIZANG PLATEAU IN THE PEAT OF THE HOLOCENE
    Wang Peifang, Xia Yumei, Wang Manghua
    1981, 1(2): 144-152. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1981.02.144
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    This paper takes the peat in plateau area as the object for this study.We have carried out pollen analysis of 113 samples taken from 6 peat sections at different sites and also the radiocarbon c14 dating of 12 samples.Based on these results,we have studied the pattern of variation of vegetation and climate,the genesis of peat swamp and its accumulation rate etc.of that region,in a period of the latest ten thousand years.
  • GEOGRAPHICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTER OF ENDEMIC FLUOROSIS IN CHINA
    Chen Guojie
    1981, 1(2): 153-162. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1981.02.153
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    Endemic fluorosis is caused by excess fluorine of natural environment entering human body through food chain.This is one of the most extensive epidemic regional diseases in China. The distribution of this disease has obvious district characteristics.The area of this disease in China may be divided into three regional zones.(1)The ariplain in the north of China,it’s outstanding character is the dry climate which causes fluorine accumulation in Ouaternary deposits;thus,the drinking water with high content of fluorine forms the cause of this disease;(2)the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau with a very high content of fluorinein rocks and soils,thus,the crop food with high content of fluorine forms the cause of this disease;(3)the Southeast Hills,the hot springs with high content of fluorine lead to this disease. In general,the disease has certain particular physical geographical characteristies.The landforms in the disease district are of low-lying areas benefitting fluorine accumulation there.Saline-alkli soil is extensively found in the disease district,there are a lot of Soda,it benefits to increase chemical activity of fluorine. Plant types are halophiles and calciphile. The fluorine entering human body from environment is firstly through drinking water;secondly the fluorine in soil enters human body through crop food.The fluorine in air enters human body mainly through crop leaves.The prevention and cure of fluorosis depenp mainly on reforming the environmental natural accumulating fluorine,and breaking up the high fluorine food chain(mainly drinking water)entering human body.
  • QUATERNARY PERIGLACIAL STAGES OF THE SONGLIAO PLAIN
    Sun Jianzhong
    1981, 1(2): 163-170. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1981.02.163
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    Periglacial structures are widely distributed at Songliao plain in the Northeastern Region of China.Their common forms are:ice wedges,involutions and solifluctions.According to stratigraphical and chronological data,The periglacial stages have been divided as following: 1.Baitushan periglacial stage,characterized by the involutions developed in Baitushan formation.Paleomagnetic dating 3.4—3.0—1.7m.y.B.P. 2.Huangshan periglacial stage,characterized by the involutions and ice wedges developed in Huangshan formation.Paleomagnetic dating 1.2～1.0— 0.75m.y.B.P. 3.Donggang periglacial stage,characterized by the involutions developed in Donggang formation.Thermo-luminescent dating:0.2—0.15m.y.B.P. 4.Guxiangtun periglacial stage,characterized by the ice wedges and involutions developed in Guxiangtun formation and by the cold-loving fauna and flora:Mammuthus-Coelodonta fauna and dark coniferous forest flora and permafrost fauna in the same formation.C14 dating:70,000—10,000 years B.P. 5.Tailitu periglacial stage,characterized by the solifluction found near Tailitu village.It might occur in early Holocene. 6.Modern periglacial stage,characterized by the ice wedges and involutions filled by black soil.This stage might be corresponding to the little ice age.
  • THE GENESIS,NATURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE MARSHY SOIL OF SANJIANG PLAIN
    Zhang Yangzhen
    1981, 1(2): 171-180. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1981.02.171
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    Sanjing Plain is situated in the northeast part of China.It is one of the areas where marshy soil is widely spread.The area qf marshy soil is over 13,700 km2,about one fourth of the total plain area.Most of the marshy area of Sangjiang Plain belong to the marshy soil without peat accumulation.There is a rom humus horizon(10-20cm thick)between the grass-root and the gley horizon. The marshy soil of Sanjiang Plain may be divided into two great groups, six sub-groups and ten kinds. The textures of most of the marshy soil belong to loam clay—clay.The volume weight of surface stratum is 0.1—0.8 g/cm3.The content of organic matter varies with different sub-groups of marshy soil.The exchangeable cation is about 30—70 m.e/100g,the exchangeable base is 20-40 m.e/100g.The nitrogen content of the marshy soil is sufficient,but contents of phosphorus and potassium are not sufficient;the pH value is 5—7. The marshy soil is a kind of valuable soil resources by which after reclamation,we can develop agriculture,animal husbandry,reed breeding and fertilizermaking,etc.