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  • 1984 Volume 4 Issue 1
    Published: 20 January 1984
      
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  • MODELS FOR ESTIMATION OF EVAPORATION FROM WATER SURFACES
    Shi Chengxi, Bian Yuming, Zhu Xiaoyuan
    1984, 4(1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1984.01.1
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    An experimental research of evaporation from water surfaces has begun in China since 1956.The data of 19 experimental stations over the country have been collected and processed.On the basis of the available data some evaporation models have been developed. In accordance with data of 13 stations,including Kwangchow station,Chongking station etc,we have set up three evaporation models for humid regions of China and from the other 6 stations,we set up three evaporation models for arid regions.A verification indicates that model with curvilineal climatic index seems to be better than the linear model and the goodness of the mass transfer model is the least. In comparison with the Soviet and the American well-known model,it shows that the developed models are more suitable for China.
  • CHARACTERS OF SOME ORGANIC COMPONENTS OF CHINA’S PEAT AND THEIR GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
    Dou Tinghuan, Gao Jufen, Xu Jing
    1984, 4(1): 12-20. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1984.01.12
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    Based on analysis of 41 samples with different types in 11 provinces and autonomous region of China,author introduced the organic geochemical characteristics of the basic organic components of peat and the chlorform extract A in peat and its group constituents in this paper.According to these characteristics and the analytical results of infra-red spectra and gas chromatography,it is clear that peat is a unmature organic matter in which humic substance constitutes its principal component and differentiates completely from ooze in the bottom of lake and sea.In this paper,author also made an approach on some factors to influence organic geochemical characteristics of peat such as vegetation species,bog type,evolution stage,sedimentary environment and so on.
  • THE DIVISION OF REGIONS FOR CLIMATE-YIELD OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS RELATIONSHIP IN JILIN PROVINCE
    Ding Shineheng
    1984, 4(1): 21-28. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1984.01.21
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    In this paper,the optimum dividing method of selecting predictors is used to link closely the climate and yield of agricultural products for dividing of regions,Jilin province is divided into five regions,namely;the western region, middle region,mountainous region,hill region and southeastern region.Statis_ tical verification has proved that these five crops,crop yields,and climate in these five regions are significantly different,but the division of regions is proper and desirable.At the same time,the yield index and the yield value index are suggested for the consideration of rational overall layout of crops in these five regions.
  • ON THE DETERMINATION OF CITY CHARACTER IN URBAN PLANNING
    Zhou Yixing, Zhang Qin
    1984, 4(1): 29-37. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1984.01.29
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    This paper discusses theoretically and methodologically the determination of city character in urban planning.City character signifies the major functions of a city and reflects the specialized role the city plays within a region or a country.City character,though being comparatively stable within a short period,may change with the development of the city,and therefore in urban planning the past and future character of city,i.e.historical and planing character,should be differentiated from the present character. It is pointed out that the assessment of city character should not only be based on the merits of city concerned,importantly,also based on various analysis,regional and economic structural.In addition,studying historical and regional development,comparing with other cities,and adopting qualitative and quantitative,all of those are very important. After a series of study,the authors bring out some problems still to should be solved.(1)the comparability of Chinese urban statistical data,(2)a convenient way to calculate the basic/non-basic ratio,and(3)a system of the intensity index of urban functions which can universally be applicable to all cities and urban functions.The intensity index of urban functions is a new concept introduced in this paper.
  • THE WEIGHTING METHOD OF Pj FACTOR ANALYSIS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL,QUALITY
    Yin Longgen, Zhang Changpin
    1984, 4(1): 38-42. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1984.01.38
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    In spite of rapid progress achieved in research work of the assessment of environmental quality,the problem of weighting of various factors has never been really solved so far.Strictly speaking,weighting should be based upon the objective sub-contribution of specific assessment parameters to the total environment and their biological effects.But so far as recent study case in our country and abroad,due to quite a few reasons,the conventional practice of weighting has still followed the way of subjective judgement with strong artificial influence.This paper presents a new approach of weighting,i.e.Pj factor analysis,based upon an attempt of comprehensive assessment of environmental quality in Baoshan-Wusong District of Shanghai.Our approach revised the conventional weighting practice on two direction.First,measuring environmental value Pj as an original information of weighting in same a standard was used stead of subjective judgement.Secondly,it introduced the approach of factor analysis to estimate the objective sub-contribution of specifitc assessment parameters and their interrelationship.Thus making possible to trace and interprete pollutants distribution,migration and reorganization in a regional system.Especially today,as the means of environmental monitoring has been electronized, the weighting method of Pj factor may be used as a prerequisite for overall modernization of environmental quality assessment.
  • THE LAND RESOURCES AND THEIR USE IN HULUN BUIR STEPPE
    Dai Xu, Kang Qingyu
    1984, 4(1): 43-52. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1984.01.43
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    Hulun Buir steppe is located in northeast China.It is one of the most famous steppes in China. The present paper Consists of four parts.In the first part,the natural conditions in Hulun Buir steppe are briefly described.It belongs to a transitional belt between the sub-humid and semi-arid regions in the temperate zone. The steppe can be divided into two natural zones and five sub-zones.In the second part,the main characteristics of the land resources are analysed according to land types.The lands located in various sub-zones have different landuse suitabilities.The land conditions in the steppe are quite favorable for the development of animal husbandry,but some of the lands located in the eastern steppe are good for farming,although there are also some unfavorable natural conditions,such as low temperature,frost,drought,soil erosion and wind hazard.In the third part,the present land-use in the region is studied. The major part of the lands is used for animal husbandry,although the present land use is suitable to the natural conditions in the region,most of the lands that can be used for farming and/or forestry is still not fully utilized. In the last part,the problem of optimal landuse are probed.According to the suitabilities of the land resources,the steppe is divided into a few land-use regions,and the land-use measures are also discussed.
  • AN APPROACH TO THE LAND USE MAPPING BY LANDSAT IMAGE
    Huang Zhiliang, Liu He
    1984, 4(1): 53-60. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1984.01.53
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    In this paper,three problems how to use the landsat image for compiling a map of land use of middle and small scale were expounded. (1) The appearence of land use type on landsat image is explainable,but it exists some problems such as information hiding,regional diversity or unstability.So the image interpratation is limited. (2) The classification system should be suitable for interpretable ability of the landsat images.The land use types of "area-form" can be directly abstracted from landsat image,and then the land use types of "point and line-form" can be picked up and other relative data can be used to consult and supplement. The classification system of land use can detailed into the second class or into the third class for individual type. (3) The paper deals with some unified contents and methods in the land use mapping with remote sensing.
  • A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE PHYSICAL REGIONALIZATION OF CHINA
    Qiu Baojian
    1984, 4(1): 61-68. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1984.01.61
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    After the publishing of 《Comprehensive Regionalization of China(1st draft)》(1959),there has been much discussions,studies,and modifications. It showed that there were diverse opinions concerning the purpose,principals and methods,units classified,indexes and boundaries from different authors. Based on the discussion of this author,a modification is dilivered as follows:1)the large areas of order 1 is retained as the former case,that is to divide the whole country into the eastern monsoon area,Menggu-Xinjiang arid zone and Qinghai-Xizang cold plateau;2)temperature is adopted as the main index,landscape and the ripping systems are taken as references,then 3 large areas are divided into 14 physical belts;3)the physical regions of order 3 are defined according to the topography and climate,or surface water,soil and vegetation,then 43 regions are differentiated by distinct indexes.
  • ASSESSING THE FEASIBILITY OF EAST-ROUTE WATER TRANSFER FROM SOUTH TO NORTH THROUGH HISTORIED DROUGHT OCCURRENCE
    Yang Meili, Jiang Zixun
    1984, 4(1): 69-75. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1984.01.69
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    This paper,using assessment based on historied drought,mainly deals with the feasibility of East-Route water diversion from the Changjiang River to the Huang-Huai-Hai Plains.Some authors suggested that the study area may be divided into three different regions,namely,(1)the water-exported region including the lower reaches of the Changjiang River.(2)the region through which water is transfered,including the Huai River Basin. (8)the water-imported region including the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Hai River Basin. In this paper,according to a great amount of local chronicles,the histotied drought information of the last 500 years in three regions is summarized. It is found that the regions simultaneously suffered from 12 years drought disasters every 100 years,of which the severe drought disasters had 3 years every 100 years.In addition,the successive 2—6years of drought had been experienced.Thus,the drought occurrence is so widespread that the feasibility of this projects is doubtful.The authors advise that the problemof the simultaneous drought occurrence should be considered in decision-making process.
  • THE MACROFOSSIL PLANTS AND POLLEN ASSEMBLAGES ON THE LAST GLACIAL IN SANJIANG PLAIN
    Kong Zhaochen, Du Naiqiu
    1984, 4(1): 76-80. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1984.01.76
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    This paper is based on the macrofossil plants of Larix gmelini Rupr.and L.olgensis Henry and abundant pollen,spores,and green algae of 2 peat samples obtained from digging a irrigating canal at Chuangye farm(6.5m and 3.5m deep below the surface)in Sanjiang plain.About 36000 years ago Sanjiang plain was covered by cold-temperature needleleaf deciduous forest,prodominant of Larix spp,, Betula,herb and green algae.The climate of Sanjiang plain was rather humid and cold,with an annual mean precipitation higher than that of the present. The lakes and marshes were developed.According to the information of macrofossil and palynoflora,we hold that in the last-glacial,Larix,Abies,Picea,Betula forests became predominant in the Sanjiang plain.Therefore,the development of marshes in Sanjiang plain has been rapid since late Pleistocene.
  • THE SOFTWARE SYSTEM OF GEOGRAPHY INFORMATION GRID AND ITS APPLICATION
    Liu Yue, Liang Qi-zhang, Cao Gui-fa
    1984, 4(1): 81-88. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1984.01.81
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    The software system of geography information grid has a lot of advantages,such as simplifying method,reducing cost,etc,After introducing the system used in Institute of Geography,Academic Sinica,the author described mainly the structure of the software system and its design principle in the paper,and illustrated its application by examples.
  • AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF SANJIANG PLAIN IN COMPREHENSIVE WAY
    Liu Zheming
    1984, 4(1): 89-96. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1984.01.89
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    This paper expounded the favourable natural and economic conditions of sanjiang Plain and its nature resources,that provides an essential prerequisite for comprehensively developing and administrating Sanjiang Plain on agriculture. In this paper,the author point out that this area has vast prospects to develop and construct modernized agricurltue,but at present,also exists some problems on developing agriculture and useing land resources such as single Construction of production,much paying attention to development but underestimating admi nistration,divorce between reclaimation and construction,low capacity to fight natural calamities,arising deteriorated sign of ecological environment,etc.Finally, the author provided several views on developing agriculture in Sanjiang Plain: (1) determining developing direction and aim;(2) strengthening comprehensive study of agricultural natural resources;(3) determining relative agricultural production construction;(4) paying attention to relationship between reclaimation and raising unit yield;(5) devoting maior efforts to make a good basic construction of agricultural field;(6) building up leading organization and make relative lows for development and administration.