EN中文

Archive

  • 1986 Volume 6 Issue 2
    Published: 20 March 1986
      
  • Select all
    |
  • VARIABILITY OF PRECIPITATION AND ITS DEVIATION IN CHINA
    Feng Liwen, Zheng Sizhong
    1986, 6(2): 101-109. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1986.02.101
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In this paper the variability of the precipitation, for annual and twelve monthes, was calculated in China, the formular is Vr=σx/x?100 In addition, the deviation of variability was calculated according to the method suggested by V. Conrad. The data of the precipitation used in this paper were collected from about 160 stations for the period of 1951-1980. Maps of variabilities of precipitation and that of their deviations for annual, January and July were presented respectively. The seasonal variations for the monthly variability of precipitation along both the latitudinal direction and the longitudinal direction were also discussed. It is found that the variability of precipitation in China converts from its summer pattern to winter pattern for both the latitudianal direction and the longitudinal direction in November. But the conversion from winter pattern to summer pattern for longituginal direction occurs in May and for latitudinal direction occurs in June.
  • SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR THE OVERALL PLAN OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIVE ALLOCATION OF CHINA UP TO 2000
    Lu Dadao
    1986, 6(2): 110-118. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1986.02.110
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The author argues that there shouldn’t occur any essential change(shifting) in the overall plan of the industrial productive allocation and it is inappropriate to set the more balancing regional development as the major target during the rest of the century. Since the production of industrial enterprises, either mining. raw material production or its processing, emerges from and agglomerates on geographical points and is connected each other by linear infra-structures, identification of the major industrial regions means the defining of key axes of development. By means of axes development an optimum spatial combination of the allocation of industry and that of transportation can be realized. Through analysis the author concludes that the most effective pattern of the spatial organization of industry is a point-axis system consisting of two first-order key developing axes, i. e, the coastal belt and the Yangtze River banks, and eight second-order developing axes. Another strategic measure to promote the development of industry is the small-scale adjustment of the rpatial structure of the large and medium-sized cities and industrial agglomerations.
  • AN APPROACH TO PRODUCTIVITY DISTRIBUTION IN THE NORTHEAST ECONOMIC DISTRICT
    Chang Fengming
    1986, 6(2): 119-124. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1986.02.119
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The author analysed the existing conditions and problems of the Northeast Economic District as an important industrial base of China, and pointed out the direction, ways and polities for achieving the rational productivity distribution in aspects of industry, agriculture, communication and transportation, energy resources, cities and towns, ecology balance, etc. in the Northeast Economic District, meanwhile had a concrete discussion in aspects mentioned above.
  • A STUDY ON ECOLOGIC CLIMATE OF FAMOUS TEA GROWING IN SOME HIGH MOUNTAINOUS AREAS IN CHINA
    Huang Shoubo
    1986, 6(2): 125-132. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1986.02.125
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Tea tree (Camellia sinensis (L) Kuntze)is one of the world’s economic crops. It is an especially important crop for the southern China. Environmental factors related to tea yield and quality in some high mountain areas of China are identified in this paper. These factors are: geology, topography, climate, hydrology, soil and vegetation. Climatological factors are the most important factors of them. Using meteorological data collected from meteorological stations which are situated at the top and foot of high mountains respectivelly, the paper discussed ecologically climatic problems growing famous tea in China. The ecological climatic characteristics of those famous tea areas mainly include as follows: more cloud amount and fog-days, less percentage of sunshine, abundant rainfall and high relative humidity in air, slow temperature rising up and falling down, smaller annual and daily temperature range, more days to be suitable for tea growing, low wind speed in the lee sides and valleys of mountains. All of those are favourable for growth of tea tree.
  • ON CHARACTERISTICS AND FORMING PROCESS OF PEATLAND
    Yasuharu Umeda, Tatsuishi Tsuji, Hidenori Takahashi
    1986, 6(2): 133-140. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1986.02.133
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    There are closely interrelation among peatland, mire-land, swamp and wetland. Some of their charactristics are similar each other, some are different. Because of differentiation in foundation for classification, the classification system of peatland suggested by various scientists are distinct. In this paper, the classifications of peatland proposed 18 scientists and some of direct and indirect basises adopted by 28 scientists are demonstrated. In the light of forming process of peatland, most of peatland development include three stages, i.e. low moor peatland, high moor peatland and the trasition type between them-transitional moor peatland. The growth of peat is closely related to climatic conditions.
  • CONTENTS OF BORON AND ZINC IN PURPLISH SOIL AND YELLOW EARTH OF SICHUAN AND EVALUATION FOR AGRICULTURE
    Cheng Yanao, Yang Dingguo, Wen Yanmao
    1986, 6(2): 141-150. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1986.02.141
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In the paper,contents of B and Zn in purplish soil and yellow earth of Sichuan were shown,the availability and its effeeting factors of B and Zn were discussed. At the same time, the rich-deficient status of available B and Zn were evaluated from developing agro-production. The average contents of total B in purplish soil and yellow earth are 70 and 97 ppm respectively. Their available B contents are 0.19 and 0.18ppm. In94.3 to 100% of the analysed samples of purplish soil,the available B are below the critical value(0.5ppm),and in 96.7to 100%of the samples of yellow earth, the available B are below that,too.They are considered to be B deficient soil and have been proved by a series of field experiments. The average contents of total Zn in purplish soil and yellow earth are 106 and 129 ppm respectively.Their availabel Zn contents are 1.16 and 1.75 ppm respectively.However,the content of available Zn varies greatly among different kinds of those soil. Cailcareous purplish soil of which is the lowest,in72% of the analysed samples(nonirrigated farming land)and 85% of the collected samples(paddy field)are below the critical value(1.0 and 1.5 ppm)respeetively.Consequently,it is the most important soil of Zn deficiency in Sichuan. In neutral purplish soil and acidic purplish soil, the area of Zn def icient soil are about half of their distributing area. As a whole of yellow earth,the available Zn content of them are richer but a part of them uased as paddy field has 50 to 75% to be below the critical value,except yellow earth developed on limestone. In future,it is indispensable to apply B and Zn fertilizers in the soils of B and Zn deficiency. there will be an increase in yield of rapeseeds,cotton, maize,paddy,and some fruit trees,etc.
  • VEGETATION TYPE AND CLIMATE DURING THE QUATERNARY IN THE PLAIN OF NORTH CHINA
    Zhao Jingbo
    1986, 6(2): 151-157. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1986.02.151
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In the plain of North China, the major forest vegetations in the Quaternary were deciduous-broadleaf forest, mixed forest consisting of Pinus and deciduous-broadleaf trees, which indicate warm climate, and the mixed forests consisting of Picea, Abies and deciduous broadleaf trees, which indicate cold climate. Because of the lack of standard pollen amount the previous result determined as Picea Abies isn’t precise, actually the most of them should belong to mixed forest type showing cold climate. Cosequently, the droping range in temperature in the glacial epoch should be lower than that of being estimated by predecessors. The temperature was slightly lower than that occured at the lower boundary of Picea-Abies forest at that time. The forest-steppe vegetation mainly consisted of Pinus, Betula, Quercus, Ulmus and herb, which represents warm and semi-arid climate.The steppe included the meadow steppe and the graminea steppe. Some cold-resistant vegetations such as alpine meadow and tundra which the southern boundary should lie to the north of 42°N during the glacial epoch, have been found.
  • THE HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE WEST LAKE, HANGZHOU, AND EUTROPHICATION PROBLEMS OF ITS WATER BODY
    Mao Faxin
    1986, 6(2): 158-166. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1986.02.158
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The West Lake of Hangzhou, a famous scenic spot for tourist, has become a nutritive lake with a turbid water body and unchecked proliferation of algae, which has seriously damaged the attractiveness of its beauty. The Lake, with an area of 5.6 square kilometres and an average depthof 1.55 metres, is artificially controlled in its water level, whereas the current velocity of the Lake may exceed 0.1m/sec. during flood water period, but it turns a "dead lake" during dry season. The Lake has a regular current direction but meagre sources of water, the water body was renewed for 1.2 times during the dry year of 1979. The temperatures of water vary very little both horizontally and vertically. The transparency of the Lake water has reduced from 0.5 to 0.35m,while the pH value risen from 7.1-9.2 to 8.1-10.2 over thirty years. In recent years, in consequence of 400 tons of sewerage drained daily into the Lake, the ammonia nitrogen rises to 0.04-12.0mg/l, the average value of total nitrogen to 2.76 ppm and that of total phophorus to 0.13ppm. The Lake, containing 60,000 algae, primarily blue and green algae, each millimetre of water, has become eutrophic. The unfavourable hydrological conditions of environment and the large quantities of sewerage drained into the Lake account primarity for eutrophication of the water body. To draw water from outside of the valley as an additional source so as to quicken water circulation in the Lake is one of important measures for improvement of the hydrological conditions and the cure of eutrophication of the West Lake.
  • SWAMP MODEL AND ITS DESIGN
    Wan Enpu
    1986, 6(2): 167-174. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1986.02.167
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The construction of swamp model is a new way to study and predict changes of swamp water and ecological environment. The author makes an approach to physical, electric and mathematical models in the paper. The advantages of the three simulted methods are different. they can be seperarely or compositely used based on requirements and conditions.
  • ON THE PRACTICAL MEANING OF CARTOGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION THEORY
    Tian Desen
    1986, 6(2): 175-182. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1986.02.175
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The model of cartographic communication is a generalization and simplification of process from making to using map and also is objectively reflection of generation and application of cartographic information. It plays an important role in any activety in which the preparation and use of maps is a matter of basic interest. This includes summarizing and studying cartographic science, affecting the map design and compilation, applying several methods of map analysis and enriching content of research on theoretical cartography. The practical meaning of cartographic communication is presented in aspect of not only the cognition of cartography but also the research on complex system of making and using map. Information itself is of a communication character. If we only knew the cartographic information bearing the function of transmission, we would not pay attention to further studying the cartographic communication. From making to using map being a complex process its law must be analysed and studied furtherly with the method of information science, cybernetics and systemtical analysis. Then some control components may be found to raise transmiting efficiency. Only in this situation can we apply information theory and cybernetics to promote and bring about a great adance in cartography.
  • A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON PERIGLACIAL LANDFORMS OF THE TAIBAISHAN
    Xie Youyu
    1986, 6(2): 183-190. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1986.02.183
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The Taibaishan, a major peak of the Qinling Mountains, is 3767m high above sea level. There were at least twice glaciations in the late pleistocene. Since the Holocene, the periglacial processes dominanted overthere with allof glaciers retreating. In this area periglacial landforms can be divided into three groups as follows: 1. such forms as talus, rock glacier, and block slope, formed by frozen-weathering. 2. the forms, such as nivation hollows, nivation benches, and higher planation terraces, formed by nivation, and 3.the patterned ground (circles sorted, nets, etc.), formed by frozen sorting action, and distributed in the tundra zone, with an altitude of more than 3,000m above sea level. The present periglacial zone of the Taibaishan peak is Alpine periglacial one, continental climate forest-meadow type, while the ancient:one preferredthe desert type. Based on the low limit of periglaciations, permafrost distribution and the upper limit of coniferous forest, it is demonstrated that the ancient periglacial type isn’t of marine one, but transitional type from marine to continental climate.