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  • 1988 Volume 8 Issue 1
    Published: 20 January 1988
      
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  • PROGRESS OF THE MIRE RESEARCH IN CHINA AND ITS PROSEPECT——Devoting the Article to 30th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Changchun Institute of Geography,Academia Sinica
    Huang Xichou, Ma Xuehui
    1988, 8(1): 1-11,99. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.01.1
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    The Changchun Institute of Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences, was estabilished in 1958.Main tasks of the Institute are researches on mires and geographic subjects of Northeast China. In near 30 years,a great achievement has been gotten in investigations on mires and peat resoures throughout country. Based on the researches in hydrology,climate,vegetation,soil,ecochemistry of landscape for the variaty of mires in different regions of China, research works have found out that forming factors,process and types of China’s mires have own features.Thus,some new theoretical viewpoints about definition,characteristic,distribution and development laws of mires which are suitable for China’s mire physical features have been suggested accordingly,the mire research has become a new branch in the system of natural sciences. In researches,some advanced methods,experimental instrument and new technology of remote sensing and detecting have been widely used,and researches on models,databases,information systems,mire mapping and some experimental researches on integrated exploitation and utilization of mire and peat resources have also been attempted,and proglesscs in international academic exchanges have been achieved. In the mire researches of the future,we must enhance the basic theoretical research,combine theory with practice of production,face to construction of national economy and establish China’s mire sciences.
  • THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIKE-POND SYSTEM AND THE PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE
    Zhong Gongpu
    1988, 8(1): 12-17,99. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.01.12
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    A dike-pond system is a particular artificial ecosystem of land-water interaction,and also a special stero-cultiviting breeding system,so it has the characteristics of both land ecosystem,and fresh water ecosystem.The system has complicated structure and multi-levels including land cultivating levels and water-body breeding levels.As for the cultivation forms,it may be one of the production structures with the most levels and the highest form. The input and output of substances and energy of the dike-pond system are basically balanced.The sections of the system coordinate and promote each other.Because each unit area can give various agricultural and aquatic products,and high production yield,it is one of the important ways of saving farmland.
  • THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOYBEAN YIELD AND CLIMATC CONDITIONS IN NORTHEAST REGION
    Sun Yuting, Bai Yamei
    1988, 8(1): 18-26,99. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.01.18
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    In order to stress the relationship between the climatic conditions and the yield,the authors carried out the resolution of space field in average yearly yield of soybean of three provinces in northeast by means of Chebyshev polynomial;after filtering some effects of non-climatic factors,and taking the simulated value of binomial as the climatic yield,analyzed the relationship between the climatic yield and climatic factors.The mathematical model of the relationship between the annual soybean yield in various areas in northeast and the accumulated temperature (∑T≥10℃)in growing seasons,Zhang Baokun’s dry index (K=0.16T/R),mean monthly temperature in July and August.On the basis of this model,the climatic productivity target(Ai=Yi/Ymax)was calculated,and the distributed features in space were analyzed. That provides a basis for rational distribution of soybean.
  • THE SOLAR RADIATION RESOURCE OF THE ARID PLATEAU IN NORTH OF THE WEIHE RIVER
    Li Zhiwu, Wei Shengmin
    1988, 8(1): 27-37,99. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.01.27
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    In this paper,the climatic features of radiation of the arid plateau in north of the Weihe River are described;the light-energy resources in the area for different periods are estimated;the present condition and potentials of light-energy utilization are analysed;and finally the ways to raise the coefficient of light-energy utilization are pointed out.
  • THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MEADOW GRASSLAND AND ITS EFFECTS ON CHERNOZEM FORMATION PROCESS IN THE XILIN RIVER VALLEY,INNER MONGOLIA
    Chen Zuozhong, Huang Dehua
    1988, 8(1): 38-46,99. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.01.38
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    The types of vegetation,the structure of plant community and the chemical composition of plants make an important impact on soil formation process,soil nature and its profile shape. The chernozem of Inner Mongolia distributes at the east and northeast of the Hulun Buir Plateau and the western part of the Daxinganling Mountains, The chernozem of the Xilin River valley distributes at the east of this area. The meadow grassland includes three types:arid-cluster-grass grassland, Aneurolepidium grassland and Filifolium grassland.Their dominant species are Stipa baicalensis,Aneurolepidium chinese and Filifolium sibiricum,respectively. The arid-cluster-grass grassland consists of 45 plant species.The number of species in each square metre is 29-39,among which Gramineae accounts for 17.78%,Leguminosa 11.11%,Compositae 11.11%,the others are Liliaceae, etc.The coverage is 64%.The community is 19cm high.The biomass of aboveground(W1) is 179.84g·m-2,in which Gramineae makes up 67.73%.The biomass of underground(W2 at depth of 0-100cm soil horizon)is 2266.99g· m-2,the biomass at depth of 0-30cm soil horizon makes up 75.16% of the total underground biomass.Its r(W2/W1) is 12.61. The Aneouropidium grassland consists of 28 species,among them,there are 5 species of Gramineae,4 species of Compositae and 2 species of Leguminosa.The total coverage is 70%,the height of the community is 30cm.The biomass of aboveground is 96.22-167.47g·m-2,in which Graminea makes up 29.50-73.27%.The biomass of underground is 906.4-2600.82g·m-2,the bio mass at depth of 0-30cm soil horizon is 61.41-59.46% of the total underground biomass.Their r is 15.53 and 9.42. The Filifolium grass/and consists of 30 species and varies in 20-22 species in each square metre.Among 30 species,Gramineae makes up 20%.The total coverage,is 53%,the community is 23.3cm in height.The biomass of Filifolium grassland is much higher than those of Stipa and Aneuropidium grassland,reaches 236.48g·m-2.The biomass of Compositae makes up 57.22% of the total.Its underground biomass at depth of 0-100cm soil horizon gets to 3254.02g·m-2,the biomass at depth of 0-30cm soil horizon makes up 66.35% of the total.But its r gets to 13.76. The nitrogen content of Compositae is the highest in all samples analysed, accouting for 2.62%,but nitrogen content of Gramineae is the lowest,only 1.46%.The nitrogen accumulation of Gramineae is the highest in the aboveglound,1390.39mg·m-2,It makes up 53.06% of the aboveground. The ash content of Leguminosa makes up 11.037%,but the ash content of Stipa gandis only 4.938%.The ash accumulation of Gramineae is the highest,3039.20mg·m-2, makes up 47.28% of aboveground accumulation. The molecular ratio of SiO2/R2O3 has an effect on the clay mineral formation.The molecular ratio of SiO2/R3O4 in Aneurolepidium grassland is much wider,it varies from 13.68 to 148.23.The chemical composition and its accumulated amount of underground biomass plays an important role in the accumulation and activity of nutrient elements in soil.The content and accumulated amount of Si in 0-10cm soil horizon is the highest among all chemical elements,the older of others is as follows:Ca,N,Fe,K,AL,Na,S,Mg,P.The molecular ratio of SiO2/R2O3 in the underground biomass varies from 19.75— 30,40.
  • THE ANALYSIS OF WATER RESOURCES OF LAKES IN JIANGSU PROVINCE
    Wang Hongdao, Shi Fuxiang
    1988, 8(1): 47-53,99. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.01.47
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    Jiangsu is a province with a large number of lakes.Natural lakes are scattered almost all over the province.Preliminary survey shows that Jiangsu Province has about 106 lakes with an area larger than 1km2.All lakes cover an area of 6385km2,amounting to 8.9% of the lake area of the whole country.By calculation,the storage capacity of lakes is known as 9700 million m3.This paper deals mainly with river systems,water level,water volume,and the utilization and protection of lakes water resources.Stopping blind reclamation of lakes and preventing lakes from pollution must be paid attention to. Jiangsu Province has not aboundant water resources of lakes,and the distribution in time and space is uneven,therefore the protection of the very limited water resources of these lakes must be paid particular attention to, and the existing problems must be solved in a proper way.
  • A STUDY ON THRESHOLDS IN THE CHANGE OF FLUVIAL FAN AND DELTA OF THE HUANGHE RIVER
    Cao Yinzhen
    1988, 8(1): 54-62,100. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.01.54
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    In the river system,the environmental change always undergoes the process from a quantitative change to a qualitative change.The limit of the qualitative change is known as the threshold.The threshold is the upper limit of the cumulation process.When the process reaches or goes beyond the limit, the original event series will be replaced by the other event series.The investigation shows that there is the process from a quantitative change to a qualititative change in the evolution of the fluvial fan and delta of the Huanghe River.The geometric forms formed by each process are roughly same.This threshold of the geometric forms not only proved the quantitative index for plotting the periodicity of fluvial fan and delta,but also is very important for estimating the trend of natural ervironmental change. It is shown that the thresholds of geometric forms of the third periodic fluvial fan of the Huanghe River since the middle Holocene range from 0.93 to 0.94,while the one of the fourth periodic delta since 1855 A.D.from 1.2 to 1.21. According to the change trend during the historical time and the conditions of present natural environment,the lower reaches of the Huanghe River will be able to burst its banks at the Dongbatou-Gaocun to flow northward. The controlling measure should be taken.
  • AN APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL TOWNS IN CHINA
    Wang Shuhua, Yang Peizhen
    1988, 8(1): 63-70,100. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.01.63
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    A town is a spatial organic complex of multi-function and multi-department,consisting of natural and artificial environments.In forming rational economic network or the town system of towns and villages as an integral whole combined with large,medium and small towns,playing the functions and parts of towns at different levels,forming various economic centers depending on large and medium cities and developing small towns with better conditions step by step proportionally and in a planned way,all of which mentioned above plays an important role in promoting rural economic development,ensuring goods and materials needed by cities,raising social labour productivity and eliminating three major differences.They are also of practical significance to transform agricultural surplus labour on the spot,to control the developing scale of large cities,to achieve the town system with Chinese characteristics,and to accelarate the course of four modernizations. The paper introcuces the general situation of town development in China, and discusses the concept and features of small towns,and the position and functions of small towns in the town development in China.It also studies the existent problems of small town development and ways to solve them.In a word,the development of small towns must be from the practical situation of.China.Through studying their histories,present conditions,material potential and developing direction,one can make the best use of their situation to develop towns which possess the developing conditions so as to race against construction time and raise investment benefit,as well as to prevent and avoid the disadvantage of large city development.
  • "JOURNAL OF TRAVELS IN HUNAN"AND EXPLORATION OF SCENIC SPOTS IN SOUTHERN PART OF HUNAN PROVINCE
    Xiong Shaohua, Yang Zaitian, Ouyang Shizhi
    1988, 8(1): 71-78,100. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.01.71
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    Xu Xiake,an extraordinary traveller and geographer of the Ming Dynasty, made an on-the-spot investigation when he travelled in the southern part of Hunan Province,and wrote"Journal of Travels in Hunan".This paper,based on the journal,analyzes the main types of the scenic spots in the southern part of Hunan Province,and discusses the instructions and enlightenment given by Xu Xiake’s journal in exploration and utilization of the scenic spots of the southern Hunan for the development of modern tourism.
  • INVESTIGATION OF BACKGROUND VALUES OF 28 ELEMENTS IN RIVER WATER FROM DONGTING LAKE SYSTEM
    Qian Xingzhen, Li Xiuxia, Li Jian
    1988, 8(1): 79-86,100. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.01.79
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    The Dongting Lake system includes the Xiangjiang River,the Zijiang River,the Yuanjiang River and the Lijiang River.The contents of 28 elements:Ag,As,Au,Ba,Ce,Co,Cr,Cs,Eu,Fe,La,Lu,Mo,Na,Nd,Rb, Sb,Sc,Sm,Sr,Tb,Th,U,Yb and Zn in the river water from the Dongting Lake system have been determined with the Neutron Activation Analysis method.The average contents of these 1elements are all within the range of element compositions of the world fresh water,and close to the low limit of the ranges.The coefficients of variations of contents are wthin 0.72 for most elements.In comparison with other river water,the contents of Pe,Th and Re REE in the Dongting Lake system are lower,but the contents of Rb and Cs are relatively high.That is mainly caused by the influence of the hydrochemistry and geochemistry.The reason why the environmental background values of almost elements in the reservoir water are higher than in river water is discussed in the paper.The human activities might result in the increase of the environmental background values of elements.Finally,the percentage by content of 18 elements in soluble and suspended state and forms are also discussed.
  • ON MAPPING INTEGRATION AND COMPILING TECHNIQUE OF IMAGE MAPS
    Yu Zongbo
    1988, 8(1): 87-93,100. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.01.87
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    The image map is a product of cartography combining with remote sensing technology.Compiling line maps exists the problem of mapping integration,so does compiling image maps.It is called image generalization.According to the size,important degree,colour characteristics and the result of sense transference,image generalization can be divided into scale image generalization,objective image generalization and vision imago generalization. The scale image generalization means reflecting the regular type features and typical characteristics of mapping objects by means of contracting or enlarging image scales.The objective image generalization means stressing special information,on the understanding of importance of mapping objects by cartographers,by selecting various bands and their combination forms.The vision image generalization means stressing outline,structure and features of major objects after natural eliminating those fragmental features which should be filtered to map scales.
  • DELIMITATION OF NORTHERN BOUNDARY OF WARM-TEMPERATE ZONE IN LIAONING PROVINCE
    Bi Bojun
    1988, 8(1): 94-98,100. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.01.94
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    The northern boundary of the warm-temperate zone in Liaonig Province is delimited using the computing method of subordinate degrees in fuzzy mathematics,based on investigation result,related data and the climatic and geographical indices selected.The distribution,of belt vegetation is taken as the circumstantial evidence of delimiting the boundary.