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  • 1988 Volume 8 Issue 4
    Published: 20 July 1988
      
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  • THE TURBIDITY ISLAND EFFECT IN SHANGHAI URBAN CLIMATE
    Zhou Shuzhen, Zheng Jingchun, Shao Jianmin
    1988, 8(4): 305-312,395. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.04.305
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    Shanghai is the largest industrial and commercial city in China.The urban turbidity island effect is remarkable. 1) The comparison of air quality between urban and rural areas shows that the concentration of urban air pollutants such as SO2,NOx,fly ash and falling dust is much higher than that of rural air pollutants. 2) Due to the more hygroscopic nuclei in the urban atmosphere and the thermal turbulence and mechanical turbulence in urban area are stronger, the low cloud amount in urban area is greater than that in rural areas. 3) Taking the ratio of solar direct radiation(S) to diffuse radiation(D) as the measure ofturbidity factor(D/S),it can be seen that the turbidity factor in urban area is obviously greater than that of suburban area.The urban district as a center,a distinct turbidity island is formed.This kind of turbidity island effect is gradually increasing with the development of Shanghai city.
  • TIlE RESEARCH ON PASSENGER INTERFLOW AMONG REGIONS IN CHINA
    Zhang Wenchang
    1988, 8(4): 313-322,395. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.04.313
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    It is significant in theory and practice to study quantitatively passenger interflow,which could reveal the spatial structure of transport and the inte-ractions between regions.In the past decades,the total volume of passenger interflow among railway bureaus accounted for 8.0-11.0 per cent of the total railway passenger traffic volume,but by 1986 it increased to 12.7 per cent.The relationship of passenger interflow among seven regions in China is analyzed.According to the results of quantitative analysis,the passenger interflow among regions in China can be classified into four types with dif-ferent rates of interflow:over 18per cent,14-17 per cent,10-13 per cent and less than 10 per cent.Absolute and relative interaction intensities are defined The passenger interflow among twenty regions in China is researched with the above-me-ntioned two indexes.
  • STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF GEOMORPHIC CONDITIONS EFFECTING LOESS EROSION IN LOESS LIANG-MAO HILLY-GULIED REGION
    Chen Weinan
    1988, 8(4): 323-329,395. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.04.323
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    By using quantitative geomorphical method and taking the Wuding River basin as an example,this paper puts forward the conceptof exposure surface of landform,which represents the possible erosive area in a region,and deals with the geomorphic conditions effecting loess erosion.The relations between each pair of morphological parameters are as follows: D=12.89H0.69 r=0.77 D=0.374A0.778 r=0.94 D=-4.061gL-2.13 r=-0.9 H=0.014A0.85 r=0.92 Sp=0.9+0.85L r=0.83 Sp=0.559A0.66 r=0.94 where D is gully-valley density (km/km2),H is relative height (km),L is length of slope (km),A is average angle of slope and Sp is potential expos-ure surface of landform (km2/km2).Most of them are significant at 0.01 level.The author thinks that the models can be used to predict the intensi-ty of loess erosion. M=3046.45+73.23H r=0.83 M=27.54Sp1.27 r=0.98 where M is the soil erosion modulus (T/km2·yr).
  • AN EIGENVALUE NUMERICAL TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINING THE RESPONSE MATRIX OF AQUIFER SYSTEM
    Xu Qingshan, Sun Yongtang, Song Yonghong
    1988, 8(4): 330-338,395. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.04.330
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    Response matrix method has a widespread application in groundwater resources management.An eigenvalue numerical technique for determining the response matrix of aquifer system is introduced on the basis of discussion of superposition principle.The principle and computing procedure of determining response matrix of aquifer system using eigenvalue numerical method is in-troduced in detail through an example.From this procedure the physical meaning of response matrix becomes clear and the error due to time discre-tion is avoided.
  • THE STATE OF CHINA’S SUGAR INDUSTRY DISTRIBUTION AND THE READJUSTMENT CONCEPTION
    Li Wei
    1988, 8(4): 339-347,395. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.04.339
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    The general state of China’s sugar industry distribution is that the ma-jor producing areas of sugar are distrbuted in south and north of China,and the pattern formed is that the sugar produced in south and north is transp-orted to the central part and sold there.The formation of this state depen-ds mainly on these factors of raw materials,consumption markets and tran-sportation.The raw material of sugar industry—sugar-canes and sugar-beets are concentratedly distributed in north and south,while consumption mark-ets in the central part,especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Huanghe and Changjiang rivers,which are the major reason causing such distribution of sugar industry.The principal conception for readjusting the distribution of sugar industry is as follows:1) establishing raw material and producing bases of sugar industry;2) forming the distribution system of la-rge,medium and small-sized sugar refineries combination according to the concentration degree of the raw material;and 3) dividing rational producing and sale areas of sugar.
  • THE EVALUATION OF URBAN ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION SOURCES AND THE PREDICTION OF ENVIRONMENT
    Niu Guangyi, Zhao Jing
    1988, 8(4): 348-354,396. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.04.348
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    A new composite index model is put forward by combining various met-eorological factors,effective source height,emission law and actual popula-tion density.It can overcome various man-made coefficient error.By means of microcomputer software development,the effect of parameters and the heavy and complicated ealculations are solved.By using microcomputer fitti-ng,the actual devotion of pollution sources of waste gas to the pollution of urban atmospheric environment is described quantitatively.A set of methods for predicting atmospheric environmental quality is set up,which has been applied in Changchun City.The theoretical prediction values and the average of measured values over years are expressed as Y=1.556+1.055X(r=0.8925), with a high precision.This achievement may be used in environmental mana-gement,selecting factory location,quantitative management of pollution sou-rces and environmental prediction.
  • ADMINISTRATION OF SOME NATURAL DISASTERS FOR AGRICULTURE IN THE HUANG-HUAI-HAI PLAIN
    Dai Xu
    1988, 8(4): 355-362,396. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.04.355
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    The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of about 0.3 million km2,is one of the lar-gest plains in China.It has been an important agricultural area.Its natural conditions are generally favorable for agriculture,but there are some serious disasters,such as drought,waterlogging and salinization.For this reason, the output of farm produce is lower and more unstable for a long-term. The analysis of reason causing all disasters mentioned-above reveals that the principal contradiction is the disequilibrium of supply and demand of water,especially the damage caused by flood from breaches of the Huanghe River.The formation of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain resulted from the Huan-ghe River itself.For this end,the quantity of silt in the Huanghe River must be decreased first of all.That means that the amount of silt coming from the Loess Plateau must be controlled.The only way is to take some important measures of water and soil conservation,among which,the biolo-gical step is most essential.
  • RESEARCH ON FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROCHEMISTRY IN THE REGION OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER HEADWATER
    Deng Wei
    1988, 8(4): 363-370,396. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.04.363
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    The analysis of the water samples and the investigation in the region of the Changjiang River headwater reveals that the characteristics of hydor chemistry vary with the catchments.In the catchment of the Tuotuo River, the mineralization degree of water is generally higher,ions of Cl- and Na+ are obviously dominant in the water,the water trends to be salty,and the type of hydrochemistry is rather complex.In the Dam River catchment, the mineralization degree is mainly in a low and middle level,ions of HCO3- and Ca++ are higher than others,and the type of hydrochemistry is relat-ively simple.The contents of main ions in mire water are higher than that in the Sanjiang Plain.The deep groundwater plays an important role in feeding surface water,and the stable feed results in little change in chemi-cal composition of surface water.
  • PEAT IN THE JIANHU PLAIN
    Chen Liangwen
    1988, 8(4): 371-378,396. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.04.371
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    This paper discusses the formation,distribution and characteristics of buried peat as well as its function of purifying water in the Jianhu Plain, Shaoxing,Zhejiang Province.It is pointed out that this kind of peat was the product of the effect of lakes and swamps after regression in the middle stage of the Holocene.The peat contains more than 40% of ash and 15— 40% of humic acid,and is classified as Carex-Phragmites communis peat of low-moor type.The peat layer covers an area of 95.6km2,making up 64.2% of the whole plain.The peat layer has been dissected by a network of rivers and contacted widely with water of the lake everywhere.The peat layer along the lake has accumulated a lot of pollutants.The laboratory tests con-firm that the peat has the significant function of purifying water of Jianhu Lake. It is considered that the shallow buried peat layer distributed in other areas of the South banks of the Qiantang River and the Hangzhou Bay ought to have the similar purifying function to the neighbouring water.Therefore, the measures should be taken urgently to prevent peats of the Jianhu Plain or other areas of the south banks of the Qiantang River and the Hangzbou Bay from being excavation and destruction arbitrarily.
  • THE EVOLUTION OF REGIONAL STRUCTURE IN THE PROCESS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH
    Xue Puwen
    1988, 8(4): 379-384. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1988.04.379
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    Regional sector structure and regional spatial structure are the important study objects in regional economic geography.The paper studies the evol ution of regieonal sector structure and regional spatial structure in the process of regional economic growth.The author advances the theoretical model of the evolution of regional sector structure and regional spatial stru-cture in the process of rgional economic growth.