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  • 1991 Volume 11 Issue 3
    Published: 20 May 1991
      

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  • Lu Dadao
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    The problems on regional development appeared widely in the 1980s will become important and extensive social and economic issues in the 1990s.The development of geography should meet the needs of objective requirements.The major target of regional development research is to realize the stable growth of regional economy,and to rationalize the spatial structure of social economy.The related research should be done multi-disciplinarily in coorperation with economists,ecologists and systematic scientists emphasizing on the theoretical and empirical analysis regional development and developing experimental sites.
  • Shen Xiaoying, Chen Jiaqi
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    Before the end of the Ming Dynasty to the early of the Qing Dynasty,climate was warm,and heat energy was plentiful,so double cropping of rice in Taihu Lake basin could grow without any protection. Later the world climate entered the Little Ice Age,the double cropping of rice was extirpated nearly,grain output decreased heavily.After the Little Ice Age,although,the world climate got warm,sometimes,the thermal condition was enough for two crops but three crops one year throughout the period.So both the area and output of double cropping of rice was fluctuated with variation of cold/warm.The condition of heat energy,with the movement of climatic zone,became a sensitive factor which effects grain production.Recently,as CO2 concentration. in atmosphere is increasing,climate is warming.With the comprehensive effect of such warming and natural cooling trend,the climate in Taihu Lake basin shows the following trend:warming in winter,cooling in summer,decreasing of annual accumulated temperature and advancing of autumn low temperature.This trend will strongly influence the grain production.
  • Sui Xishan, Zhou Ming, Peng Tongguo
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    Commerical economic region(CER),or commerical geographical region,is the result of socialized production and development of commodity economy,characterized by system holisty,regional independence, interregional openness and relative steadiness. Commercial economic regionalization provides a scientific basis for organizing and building a commodity circulation network system with all directions,multifunction and openness,rational planning the direction of commodity flow. The principles of commercial economic regionalization are as follows:1.the principle taking a city business center as the core;2.the optimization principle of integrated function;3.the difference principle of physical geographical environment;4.the uniformity principle of human geographical environment;and 5.the order principle of dissipative structure. According to the above-mentioned principles,China’s CER can be divided into 4 levels.
  • Wang Benlin, Hu Xiyin, Tong Lianjun
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    Northeast region covers an area of 1.24 million km2,making up 12.9% of the total area of China,with a population of 103 million,9.9% of the total population of China.The total grain yield of this region is one eighth of the total grain yield of China.The grain commodity rate is over 35%.It is one of the very important regions of grain prodution in China.As population continuously increase and grain demand unceasingly increases,the potential of grain production in the future,and the commodity grain provided for the nation are the maior problems about grain consumption and distribution in the future.And they directly affect the realization of national planning objective of grain production. The analysis of grain production conditions and history indicates that.1)The increase of total grain output is mainly dependent on the increase of grain yield per unit areas,but not the enlargement of grain sown area.2)The factors to affect grain yield per unit areas are materials input,correct policies,yearly climatic variation.3)By the year 2000 and 2010 the total grain output in this area will be respectively 66.16—66.29 and 71.68—72.89 million tons,4)According to the results of research,the potential of increasing grain output in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces is the greatest in the future. The key measures to raise grain yield include increasing material and energy input,strengthening the base construction of farmland,emphasizing the increasing of yield per unit areas of medium-and lowyield fields,and controlling the amount of farmland which are taken up by any other acivities.
  • Li Desheng, Liu Youyuan
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    Carbonate is one of the main petroleum reservoirs.40% of oil and 50% of gas all over the world are reserved in carbonate.In production capacity,carbonate and pore sandstone are about the same.We are now explorating oil and gas in the carbonate distributing areas including Sichuan,north China,northwest China,and near-shore continental shelf. Generally,carbonate deposited in shallow sea with stable lithological character and big thickness is widespread.On the other hand,its reservoir space,that is,the distribution of fractures and caves,is very un-uniform.The high output is dependent on the developing degree of fractures and caves in reservoir which is drilled.The developing degree of reservoir space was influenced mainly by tectonic factors in addition to unconformity and paleokarstization during the depositional break. The developing regulations of deeply-buried paleokarst in China and several factors influencing their development are comprehensively discussed.Deeply-buried paleokarst made carbonate reservoir highly pore and highly permeable.It is necessary to study deeply-buried paleokarst in order to find oil and gas fields which have high oil-gas productivity and large reserves.
  • Zhu Yanming, Huang Xichou, Liu Jingshuang
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    The concentration Clarke,the dispersion Clarke and average contents of 14 microelements:Mn,Cu,Cr,Co,Ni,Pb,Zn,Cd,V,La,Mo,Sr, Be and Ba in soils and plants of alpine tundra zone in Natural Conservation Region of the Changbai Mountain which is China’s earliest area joining in International Biosphere Conservation Network are studied.The microelement geochemical spectra of soils and plants is approached.The alpine tundra zone in the Changbai Mountain is the biological geochemistry area with high contents of Pb,La,Zn and Mo,and low content of Sr. After calculating the biological absorption coefficient of alpine tundra plants and continental plants,it is found that alpine tundra plants have a characteristic of strong absorbing most of microelements.The research on the biological absorption coefficients of 19 kinds of plants in the region shows that different plants have different absorption capacity to the same microelement,and the same plant has the different absorption intensity to microelements.Each plant has an obvious geochemistry choice for the migration and enrichment of chemical elements.And this choice is carried out in the intrinsic way under the circumstance without the strong interference of human activities.It is impossible to explain completely the biological gathering of elements with physical and chemical laws.
  • Liu Youci, Ying Longgen
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    The model of the regional varation of environmental quality in Chuansha County is established with the method of principal component —cluster analysis.First,selecting the environmental quality’s separate indexes of 6 environmental elements,the target series of regional environmental quality are founded.Secondly,6 environmental quality’s indexes are composed into 4 principal components having important envirohmental significance through the principal component analysis.And 4 principal component scores are regarded as new data of cluster analysis. Finally,27 villages are divided into 6 types through system cluster with the method of sum of squares of deviations.The features of environmental pollution is described.
  • Zou Shanghui
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    A lot of lakes surrounding urban areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River have an important function in urban ecosystem and urban life.However,lake ecosystem is greatly affected by land ecosystem.Lake water quality,aquatic plants and lake eco-environment of Wuhan urban areas are analyzed by remote sensing. The dynamic changes of lake environment concerning the function shrink,water quality deterioration and flora changes fordozens of years resulting from the decrease of the total number and areas of lake are discussed.
  • Zhu Qiwen, Zhang Shaoqing
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    In this paper,the probabilities of both the positive departure of sea surface temperature(SST)at the Pacific Ocean and the negative geopotential departure in 500 hPa of the Northern Hemisphere in month and season from last to next year were computed for ten E1-Nio years and six anti-El-Niño years,which were defined by Ansell.It is evident that the main characteristics of the SST and the geopotential height in each season during the same period are contrary between El-Niño year and anti-El-Niño year.The life cycle for either El-Niño or anti-El-Niño can be divided into seven stages,i.e.portent,occurrence,development, prosperity,stability,weakness and extinction stages.There exists an opposite PNA teleconnection pattern in 500 hPa between them on the evolution of the circulation type,and there is the factor of change toward the opposite direction as they are happened.The representative season and district of El-Niño were defined objectively.The spectral analysis for the indexes of both El-Niño and PNA shows that the most obvious evidence is 42-month periodic variation,the index of El-Niño is backward for 4.15 months compared with that of PNA.On the other hand,the predictive equation for the El-Niño index in autumn is established by these predictors selected by the 500 hPa geopotential height of the Northern Hemisphere.The effect is satisfactory.
  • Wang Mingyuan
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    Medico-chemical geography is the verge subject between medicine and chemical geography.Medico-chemical geography is separated from chemical geography.We have made progress in medico-chemical geography as follows.1)the correlative law of organism with geochemical environment;2)the geochemico-ecological classification of chemical elements;3)the types of formative cause of biogeochemical provinces in China;4)the parabolic correlation between contents of iodine in drinking water and prevalence rate of endemic goiter;5)the discovery and proof of the low selenium zone in China;6)successive discovery of endemic fluorosis of the types of pollution from burning coal,drinking high fluoride tea and high fluoride table salt from the year 1978; and 7)the compilation of the Atlas of Endemic Diseases and Their Environments in the People’s Republic of China.
  • Chen Zhenghong
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    Tung oil tree’s phenological properties and their relation with change of latitude and height are analysed.The low temperature both in tung oil tree’s blossom period and winter is the limiting factor for tung oil tree’s development in higher mountains or more northern areas in subtropical zone. The relationship between tung oil tree’s yield,and meteorological factors and height can be transferred to the relationship between the yield and the phenological periods. The suitable cultivating height in various mountains of the subtropical zone of eastern China is calculated.Tung oil trees should be cultivated at the following districts:river valleys and basins below 500m in north subtropical zone;slopes and hills below 800m in mid-subtropical zone;mid-high mountainous areas over 800m in south-subtropical zone; while the wood oil trees at such districts as river valleys and basins below 500m in mid-and south-subtropical zone.