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  • 1996 Volume 16 Issue 3
    Published: 20 May 1996
      
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  • ON THE SUBURBANIZATION OF BEIJING
    Zhou Yixing
    1996, 16(3): 198-206. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.03.198
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    Suburbanization is a stage of urbanization process. It means that population, jobs and service trades decentralize from the inner city to suburban area. It has greatly changed the economic and urban development in the developed countries Peter Hall’s model of urban change offered a framework which can easily identify whether a city is in the process of suburbanization. How about it in China as a developing country? When did it start? And what is the present situation in process? Beijing region can be divided into three levels:the inner city(cheng qu) ,the inner suburban districts(jin jiao qu) and the outer suburban districts and counties(yuan jiao qu xian). The author discusses the situation of Beijing from the data of three population censuses(1964,1982 and 1990) and considers that the suburbanization in Beijing has been in process since 1982. During 1982-1990, population of all districts of the inner city lost 82,000 people and in fact the permanent residents holding the household registration lost 144,000, about 6.12% of permenant residents in the inner city. Like the West, suburbanization in China also happened against the macro backgrounds of improvements of transportation and living conditions, growth of urban population moving from rural areas. But in the cast of the forces that make decentralization possible, China is different from the western countries. In China, the levels of economy and urbanization are rather low; the real middle class is not rich; only very few Chinese families own private cars; and the inner cities still have great attraction for Chinese people. Investigating the causes of decentralization, the author considers three points:(1) reform of urban land use system brings about migration from the core area.(2) Construction of a large number of city roads reinforces this process.(3) Reform of housing system and renovation of delapidated houses encourage outward movement. In a word, the large scale renovation of the old city has led to suburbanization in Beijing under the open door policy and the socialist market system. It wasn’t spontaneity of any individual but under the leadership of government and “Dan Wei” (work-units). Finally, the author puts forward some thought provoking and distinctive phenomena and problems that should be seriously treated.
  • A STUDY ON QUALITY OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT IN TUMEN RIVER AREA
    Zhu Yanming, Wang Renhuan, Lu Xueqiang, Li Jinsong, Chen Dinggui
    1996, 16(3): 214-223. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.03.214
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    After the survey of pollution source, a study on surface water quality assessment and forcast is given by means of grey system method, fuzzy mathematic method and multivariated analysis method. Based on it, aquatic cnviromment qulity feature, treatment measures and enviromental sterategy are proposed. Quality of aquatic environment on 18 sections of 5 rivers in Tumen River area was studied. The results showed that the pollution of surface water was serious. Water quality of most rivers is between III and IV standard except Hunchun River deteriorated gradually, pollution level of other rivers has been controlled. Main pollutants (including SS, COD, BOD, AR-OH, N-NH3) resulted from discharge of chemical fiber industry, pulp and paper industry and mines. If the growth rate of industrial value is higher than 25 percent under the encouraging-model of regional exploitation, the pollution load will overtake the bearing force of aquatic environment. Thus, some of protection program against pollution must be worked out in order to achieve harmonious development of economy, society and environment.
  • ANALYSIS OF SEA-SALT WATER INTRUSION DYNAMIC SYSTEM IN THE LOWER REACHES OF THE WEIHE RIVER
    Chen Honghan, Zhang Yongxiang, Wang Xinmin, Ren Zhongyu
    1996, 16(3): 224-231. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.03.224
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    In this thesis, with the method of trend system analysis, the history, present status, development law and hydro chemical characteristics of sea-salt water intrusion are systematically and quantitatively researched in the lower reaches of the Weihe River. The result indicates that the over exploitation of fresh water resources is the basic reason of sea-salt water intrusion, and the hydro-chemical dynamics is the important factor. The exploitation of fresh water resource must be scientifically controlled, in order to prevent and govern the sea-salt water inrtusion.
  • A STUDY ON SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION OF SOLAR RADIATION IN CHINA
    Zha Liangsong
    1996, 16(3): 232-237. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.03.232
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    By using the data of solar radiation measured at the surface from 1957 to 1992, its distribution of spatial and temporal variation is analysed. The direct(s) and global (q=d+s) solar radiations of the whole country have decrcased since 1972, with larger changes in the Yangtze River valley than in the others. The scattered(d) radiation increasing is found in Northeast and coastland of South and East. The most obvious decreasing of the direct and global solar radiation occurs in the Yangtze River valley and Sichuan basin in midsummer. The decreasing in the direct and global solar radiation coincides with the resuts of the increasing in the input of aerosals and atmospheric pollution from domestic and industrial sources besides volcing eruption. In addition, the decreasing of direct and global solar radiation-belt occurred in midsummer and the Yangtze River valley is closely connected with the continual subsidence and the lack of rainfall in the subtropical anticyclones. Recently, cooling of the surface in the Yangtze River in summer is primarily due to significant global radiation reducetion.
  • GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH ON CHANGE OF GRAIN PER CAPITA IN CHINA
    Guo Bailin
    1996, 16(3): 238-244. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.03.238
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    The possessive ratio of grain per capita. is the important index that reflects supply standand of grain. The article analyses the stages and geographic characteristies of the change of possessive ratio of grain per capita. in China and probes into the relationship between it and increment of output of grain. It is worthy of reference that regulates the relationship between people and grain in line with local conditions.
  • INITIAL STUDY ON DEBRIS FLOW IN NORTHEAST
    Song Deren, Li Ying, Luo Zebin, Sun Chuansheng
    1996, 16(3): 245-251. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.03.245
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    Northeast China, accounting for about one eighth of the total national area with an area of over 1.23?106 km2 is one of the important bases of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, energy and heavy industry, with vast territory and rich resources. Affected by natural and artificial factors, the regional environment is becoming more and more serious and debris flow occurs almost every year. The above-mentioned causes great damage to the life and property of the people and hinders the development of regional economy, thus, it is a crucial task to make research on the disaster of debris flow. According to the one-year study and practice of debris flow in northeast, this paper describes the comprehensively environmental setting in which debris flow is formed, state of debris flow activity, basic features, main types and laws of distribution, then, makes the first discussion about the trend of development and countermeasure of prevention and control of debris flow.
  • HOLOCENE SPORO-POLLEN ASSEMBLAGES AND THEIR POLEOGEOGRAPHICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN JIANHU COUNTY, JIANGSU PROVINCE
    Wu Xuezhong, Wang Shaohong, Zhao Xitao
    1996, 16(3): 252-259. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.03.252
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    Throuth the systematic polynological study of four sections in Jianhu county, Jiangsu province, six sporo-pollen assemblages have been obtained, and the paleovegetation and paleoclimate since the Early Holocene in this area have been restored. The paleoenvironment changes and stratigraphical division during the Holocene in this area have been discussed. The spor pollen assemblages in Jianhu area can be divided into 6 zones, from bottom to top as follows: Zone A: Cupressaceae-Pinus-Betula-Artemisia Gramineae sporo-pollen zone revealing a cool and slightly dry climate in the Pre Boreal period. Zone B: Quercus-Castanea-Pinus-Artemisia-Chenopodiaceae sporo-pollen zone revealing a temperate and semi moist climate in the Boreal period. Zone C: Quercus-Castanopsis-Castanea-Typha-Atriplex sporo-pollen zone revealing a warm and moist climate in the Atlantic period. Zone D: Quercus-Castanea-Chenopodiaceae-Artemisia-Typha sporo-pollen zone revealing a temperate and semi moist climate in the Sub-Boreal period. Zone E:Chenopodiaceae-Artemisia-Gramineae-Pinus sporo-pollen zone revealing a temperate-cool and slightly dry climate in the Sub-Atlantic period. Zone F: Artemisia-Typha-Hydrocharitaceae-Salvinia-Pinus sporo-pollen zone revaling a temperate cool and semi moist climate in the Sub-Atlantic period.
  • ANALYSIS OF WETLAND LANDSCAPE CHANGES IN LIAOHE DELTA
    Wang Xianli, Hu Yuanman, Bu Rencang
    1996, 16(3): 260-265. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.03.260
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    Landscape change is the process of landscape transformation from one phase to another, as a reault of interactions between the inner contradictions and outer factors. Using technology of remote sensing and GIS, the paper analyzed two maps of wetland types of Liaohe delta in different periods to study the changes of wetland landscape in time and space. We found that the change of the components of the studied area is not very evident, the artificial wetlands, semi natural wetlands and natural wetlands are still the main components of the area which is more than 90% of the total area. The changing tendency of wetlands is from the land to the sea. The semi natural wetlands are diminishing in recent years, and the artificial wetlands and natural wetlands are increasing comparatively. There are two main factors determining the landscape changes, which are the nature evolution itself and the human disturbances.
  • RECENT PROGRESS IN THE STUDY ON SALAWUSU STRATA IN NORTH CHINA
    Su Zhizhu, Dong Guangrong
    1996, 16(3): 266-273. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.03.266
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    Salawusu River Area is one of the standard sections of Late Pleistocene Strata in north China. However, there are a lot of diffierent views about the strata since the establishment of Salawusu Formation, espescially in the aspects of sedimental facies, stratigraphic data and its climate significance. Here, the authors look back on the developing process of the study on Salawusu Strata, analyse the points in debate of some basic problems such as the sedimental facies, stratigraphic data, its climate significance and the formation causes of the climate environment, and discuss the achievements in the last decade in the studies on Quaternary geology and the recent progresses in the environmental evolution.
  • THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MIGRATING SOUTH OF THE NOMADIC NATIONALITIES IN NORTH CHINA AND THE CLIMATIC CHANGES
    Wang Huichang
    1996, 16(3): 274-279. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.03.274
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    In this paper the corresponding relationship between the migrating south of the nomadic nationalities in North China and the climatic changes is studied. In the warm period the nomadic nationalities dwelt in north of the Great Wall lived together in peace with the agricultural nationality dwelt in the Central Plains (comprising the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River). However the in cold period the nomadic nationalities lauched an all-out offensive on agricultural world because the forage grass withered, the water source had dried up in the prairie. At the same time in the Central Plains the agricultural world was also hit by the cold climate, the agriculture drop in production, the economy depressed, the national power declined. Thus, they cannot sustain the blows from nomadic world. Because the period of cold climate got longer and longer, and the degree of cold climate got bigger and bigger in recent 2000 years, the extent of migrating south of the nomadic nationalities became larger and larger. In fact as early as the Han Dynasty the theory of “Interaction between heaven and man’s world” had been founded. The theory is the concentrated expression of feedback machanism of climate ecology-economy-society.
  • STUDY ON SOIL WATER FLOW LAW UNDER SITKA SPRUCE FOREST IN NORTH WALES
    Liu Jingshuang
    1996, 16(3): 280-286. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.03.280
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    In this paper, spatial and terporal variation process and law of unsaturated soil water on soil profile and horizontal direction under Sitka spruce forest in North Wales were approached using the tensionmeter technique. The result shows that contents of the unsaturated soil water at shallow soil depth (0-10cm) and at lower soil depth (35-50cm) are always larger than that at the soil depth (10-20cm) and at soil depth (20-35cm). The flow of the unsaturated soil water in the upper layer of soil (0-10cm) and at lower soil depth (35-50cm) appears in a law of supplying middle layer of soil. Affected by hydraulic potential gradient, the unsaturated soil water in the furrow soil may supply laterally the ridge soil of adjacent furrow. During mearsurement period, it is not occurence that saturated soil water and oversaturated soil water leach out from the soil profile.