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  • 1996 Volume 16 Issue 4
    Published: 20 July 1996
      
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  • DISTRIBUTION OF HIGHER CATEGORIES IN CHINESE SOIL TAXONOMY
    Gong Zitong, Chen Hongzhao, Wang Helin
    1996, 16(4): 289-297. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.04.289
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    Characteristics of special distribution of the categories in Chinese Soil Taxonomy were studied through analyzing the diag-nostic horizons and diagnostic characteristics and their relations to the variation of the various soil-forming factors in China, and using soil mapping technology. Results indicate that the distribution characteristics of the higher categories in Chinese Soil Taxonomy are different from the past used zonal distribution which are inferred based on the relationships among typical profiles and bio-climatic conditions. Among the fourteen soil orders, there are six belonging to the basic type, which show regu-larly continuous distribution and can be divided into three large soil series: aridic, ustic and udic soils. The other eight soil orders belong to the special type, with band-shaped, spot-shaped, chessboard-shaped, patch-shaped, distributions. Moreover, there is a vertical distribution characteristic in mountains.
  • IMPACT OF THE NEOTECTONIC STRESS FIELD ON FAILURE AND WASHOUT OF ROAD
    Ai Nanshan, Chen Hongkai, Li Houqiang
    1996, 16(4): 298-304. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.04.298
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    Scheidegger’s Antagonism Principle about two types of process active in the formation of Earth’s surface landforms is a fundamental principle of landscape evolution. The two processes have a basic different stochastic nature, endogenic processes are essentially systematic(non-random)and exogenic ones essentially random. The genesis of orientation structure of river valley along which highway is mostly built has tranditionally been ascribed solely to exogenic, nontectonic causes. The orienta-tion is not random indeed but corresponds to the shear lines of a neotectonic stress field in an area. Road can be regarded as a kind of artificial landscape on which the neotectonic stress field has an effect in same way. If direction of a road is parallel with shear lines or perpendicular to principle press stress of a neotectonic stress field, its stability will go bad specially in a high geostress area. Investigation on the failure and washout disarsters, of roads in South Gansu Province and West Sichuan Province has proved this hypothesis.The water destruction of road being similar to destruction of a navigation channel or road tunnel is a kind of natural disas-ter of the man-earth system which is a behavior in the critical state of complex system and should be researched by the ap-proaches of nonlinear dynamics or complexity thoery from the Man-Earth Synergetics.
  • A NEW COMPOSITE MODEL FOR FORECASTING OF NATIONAL INCOME(NI)IN LITTORAL CHINA
    Liu Yulong, Lu Dadao, Liu Weidong
    1996, 16(4): 305-311. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.04.305
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    This paper presents a new composite model for the forecasting of national income(NI)in littoral China based on Grey-system model and the function model of national income. Grey-system model has a good characteristic about the developmental extension of national income, and function model of national’income has a good characteristic about fluctation of national econ-omy. This new composite model takes advantages of these two models. The results show that this new composite model is ef-fective in forecasting of in littoral China.
  • THE GEOCHEMICAL FEATURE OF ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENT IN THE HAN RIVER
    Yan Baixing, He Yan
    1996, 16(4): 312-316. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.04.312
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    The Han River, which is the longest tributary in the Yangtze River system, has an area of 17.4?104 km2 and originates from the south slope of the Qinling Mountains. The geochemical features of elements in sediment in the Han River are studied in a systematic way based on field investigation, sampling, analysis and measurement in laboratory. The content, distribution, variation, composition of minerals and the ralationship between element contents and the diameter of grains in sediment are thoroughly discussed. The results show that the elements of As, Pb, Cd are enriched and Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Hg are decen-tralized in sediment. The contents of most elements in sediment in lakes are higher than those in rivers. There is a close correlation among Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni and also Co, Fe, Mn, Cr in sediment under the condition of a=0.001. The smaller the diame-ter of grains, the more the percentage of clay mineral and the less the percentage of clastic mineral. There is a better correla-tion between the content of most elements and the diameter of grains except Hg and Mn.
  • APPLICATION OF GIS IN ANALYZING ECOSYSTEM’S RELATIVE SENSITIVITY TO ACID DEPOSITION
    He Longhua, Yang Hongwei
    1996, 16(4): 317-322. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.04.317
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    This paper describes the application of GIS technology in analyzing ecosystem’s relative sensitivity to acid deposition. East part of China is selected as the research area. Four factor layers, which are base rock, soil type, vegetation and humidity, are used in the process. The sensitivity appraising system and the appraising model are also discussed. Five grades are separated in this research.
  • CARBON CYCLE OF A MARSH IN SANJIANG PLAIN
    Ma Xuehui, Lu Xianguo, Yang Qing, Yan Minhua
    1996, 16(4): 323-330. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.04.323
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    The biogeochemical cycle of carbon means carbon flux or exchange among living things, soil and atmosphere. The total marsh area is 1.12×104km2 in the Sanjiang Plain. The organic carbide is formed through the photosynthesis of green plants in a marsh ecosystem. The annual primary production of above-ground is estimated at about 471.85×104 t and the annual car-bon contribution is 188.74t. The annual primary production of below-ground is estimated at about 638.07×104t and the an-nual carbon contribution is 0. 78×104 t. The organic matter containing carbon is transformed into soil system through decom-position by consumer in the form of CO2, return into atmosphere. Carbon released from marsh soil return into atmosphere is 3.95 million t/a.The research shows that in marsh ecosystem of the Sanjiang Plain the accumulation amount(including under-ground part of plants)of carbon of organic dry matter on the marsh surf ace is more than releasing amount of organic matter in soil(or de-composed amount). So peat is accumulat in some marsh surfaces,at the same time, there is the organic matter accumulation in the marsh surface without peat. So marshes become the carbon sink of the Sanjiang Plain. In this area there are 265.30 mil-lion tons of organic carbon accumulated in the marsh land. When the hydrathermal condition of marshes is quite stable, peat in marshes doesn’t join the atmospheric CO2 cycle. That is to say, peat accumulation is helpful to reducing the process of atmo-spheric CO2 concentration increase caused by burning mineral fuel and human activities in territorial ecosystem.
  • RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DISTRIBUTION OF JIANGNAN DIALECT AND ENVIRONMENT
    Zhang Li, Wu Jianping
    1996, 16(4): 331-336. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.04.331
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    The distribution of Jiangnan(a region in the lower changjiang valley, inclading southern Jiangsu and Anhui and northern zhejiang)dialect has certain regularity, and the difference between east part and west part is more obvious. This paper analy-ses the distribution of Jiangnan dialect and the causes of variation at the angle of natural environment and social environment and discusses its developing trend.
  • STUDY ON RECORD OF SPORE-POLLEN IN HIGH MOOR PEAT AND DEVELOPMENT AND SUCCESSIVE PROCESS OF PEAT IN DA AND XIAO HINGGAN MOUNTAINS
    Xia Yumei
    1996, 16(4): 337-344. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.04.337
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    The author revealed the associate features of spore-pollen and successive process of vegetation and climate in Da Hinggan and Xiao Hinggan mountains since 5000 a and 2700 a B. P. based on data analysis of spore-pollen in 3 profiles of high moor peat. It was divided into 2 periods, one is the period(5000-3000 a B. P.)of the broad-leaved forest with predominate Betula of the temperate climate, the other is the period 3000 a B. P.-updata of conifer and broad-leaved forest with predominate Pi-nus koroiensis, Picea and Abies of cool temperate climate in the north part Xiao Hinggan mountains. Then climate developed from temperate and slight dry to cool and moist.Since 2700 a B. P. there had been the mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest with predominate Pinus sylvcsteris. Pinus pumlia and a few Betula and Corylus in 2300-1800 a B. P., and conifer forest of cool temperate climate consisted of Larix, Picea, Abies and Pinus sylvestris and so on in 1800 a B. P.-update, in the north part of Da Hinggan Mountains. The period was controlled by cool and moist climate, in which the period of 1800-1300 a B. P. was lowest time in the temperature and permafrost frozen soil was distributed to the south.It shows that development of the high noor peat in Da Higgan and Xiao Hinggan mountains passed 3 periods from the low moor pent, middle moor peat to high moor peat. It has greatly and continuously been formed and developed in Sphagnum leat since 1300 a in Da and Xiao Hinggan mountains, through confirmation of fossil record of spore-pollen and vertical change of plant residues from peat profiles.
  • RECENT TEMPERATURE RECORDS OF ANNUALLY LAMINATED SEDIMENTS IN HONGFENG LAKE, GUIZHOU
    Wu Fengchang, Wan Guojiang, Huang Ronggui
    1996, 16(4): 345-350. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.04.345
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    Lake sedimentation is a large pool for past global change. Carbonate geochemistry as an index has interested many scien-tists, and can provide a variety of high-solution information on short-or long-term climatic or environmental changes.Through detail comparison of profile of carbonate concentration and CaO/MgO·Al2O3 ratio in the core which is calibrated according to mass-depth from varve-counting dating with recent annual average temperature data we find that the agreement between the two cuvyes is astonishingly good, meanwhile, average molal ratio of CaO and CO2 in the sediments is nearly 1:1, this suggests that almost all carbonate minerals are calcite, which contains many climatic and hydro chemical information. They probably refect the relationship between calcite precipitation and climate change.According to calcite phychemical equibrium of pore water at the sediment-water interface during early diagensis process, we calcuate the Fd(carborate loss flux due to dissolution and upward diffusion at the interface)and Fs(calcite sedimentary flux). We define r as carborate perturbative extent at the interface:
    r= Fd/Fs(1)
    r is about 17%, we, therefore, can conclude that calcite unsaturated dissolution and perturbative process at the sediment-wa-ter interface is very small, much smaller than we imagine before.The paper finally suggests that carbonate concentration and CaO/MgO·Al2O3 ratio can be used as a high-solution temper-ature index in recent lake sediments.
  • STUDY ON BIODIVERSITY IN CENTRIAL REGION OF LOESS PLATEAU SINCE MID-HOLOCENE
    Zhu Zhicheng
    1996, 16(4): 351-358. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.04.351
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    The present paper deals with evolution, recovery and protective measures of landscape and biodiversity under the influence of natural factor and mankind in central region of the Loess Plateau since mid-Holocene. The climate was warm and moist in mid-Holocene, biological species were abundant, they had north sub tropic distinguishing characteristic; the climate was get-ting dry and cool in late-Holocene, subtropic species withdraw from this place; as mankind have not reasonably used them in later years, forests were destroyed, a part of forest animal completely disappeared. We ought to take model by original land-scape and ecosystem, create fit ecotope so as to recover and protect existence and multiplication of biodiversity.
  • ICE CONE AND ITS POSSIBILITY OF UTILIZATION IN THE URUMQI RIVER BASIN
    Zhang Zhizhong, Liu Zongxiang
    1996, 16(4): 359-364. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.04.359
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    Multi-year observation on the ice cone in the Urmqi River basin indicates that the ice cone usually undergoes five stages; formation, growth, steadiness, melting-freezing and decay. It is found that the ice cone is closely correlated with the steady negative accumulated temperature, seasonal ground freezing process, relative humidity of air and water source type. The result may be useful for artificial regulation and utilization of the ice cone in the basin.
  • THE OLDEST EOLIAN LOESS DEPOSITION IN LONGXI BASIN-YANDONGGOU PROFILE IN LANZHOU
    Zhu Jiunjie, Zhong Wei, Li Jijun, Cao Jixiu, Wan Jianmin, Wan Jianli
    1996, 16(4): 365-369. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.04.365
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    The Yandonggou eolian loess profile, with the thickness of 120 m located on the north bank of Huanghe river in Lanzhou,deposited on a typical piedmont surface(i. e. the Gansu period piedment surface). Geomagnetic study on this profile shows that the B/M boundary is placed at the depth of 30 m descendingly; the post-Jaramillo and Jaramillo events are situated at the depth interval of 34.5-35.5 m and 41.5-53.5 m respectively, and the Cobb. Mnt event which was discovered in succession recently lies at the depth of 72 m in this profile. The stable positive polarity features of the lowest three samples reflect that they have stepped into the olduvai event period. Estimated combining with deposition-rate, this loess profile deposition began at about 1.7 Ma B. P. This is the oldest eolian loess profile obtained upto now in Longxi basin.
  • A STUDY ON SYMBOL LIBRARY OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
    Dang Anrong, Qiao Yianyou
    1996, 16(4): 370-376. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.04.370
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    Symbol library is one organic component of Geographic Information System(GIS). Development of flexible and applicable symbol library is one important task to programming GIS software. The accuracy of output map of GIS is related to the symbol library. How to develop scientific symbol library is the domain of this artical. The basic concept and hierarchical structure and main function of symbol library are discussed at first. Then the classification system of map symbols is set up according to characteristic of symbols and handling manner of symbol library. While the "Symbol Set" term is used to discusse the creation of symbol library contents, many kinds of operations of symbol library are studied by use of "Operation Function". Finally, the authors take the National Symbol Library of Coal Field Geology and Symbol Library of Coal Mine Geoglogy and Survey as examples to introduce the development and application of symbol library.
  • ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION ON LAND-USE AREA IN FARMING, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ZONE IN NORTH CHINA——Taking Horqin Right Wing Front Banner as an Example
    Bao Yin, Bao Yuhai, Hai Shan, Yin Shan
    1996, 16(4): 377-384. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1996.04.377
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    Using the metheod of clustering analysis, the authors makes a classification to the land-use area of Horqin Right Wing Front Banner which is in the farming, animal husbandry and forestry zone of north China. On the basis of the classification, the authors analyse and evaluate the land-use area and structures. Finally, the paper indicates some ideas on how to use the land resources reasonably and efficiently.