Table of Content

20 January 1999, Volume 19 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

PROGRESS OF RESEARCHES ON ALPINE TUNDRA IN CHANGBAI MOUNTAIN Huang Xichou 1999, 19 (1):  2-9.  doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.2 Abstract ( )   PDF (1097KB) ( )   Save The alpine tundra discovered in Changbai Mountain in 1959 is a unique typical arctic landscape type in China. Thereafter, continuously integrative researches on the natural environment, ecosystem components and their physical, biological and chemical process of alpine tundra have been carried on and made mighty advances. The exsiting eco environment of alpine tundra is described and analysed integratively in this paper. First, climate conditions, that is, severe cold, high humidity and strong wind, result in vegetation type of alpine tundra. Moreover, snow cover in winter and near surface mircoclimate in summer favor the growth of shrub, subshrub, perennial herb, moss and lichen. Second, the volcanic landform, glacial landform and periglacial landform on alpine zone, which not only form geomorphic complex but also construct various microhabitats, restrict the formation and distribution of tundra vegetation and soil. There are not many kinds of plants on alpine tundra zone. According to statistics, there are 110-131 species of vascular plants belonging to 31 families and 78-87 genera; 135 species of moss belonging to 38 families and 67 genera and 70 species of lichen under 11 families and 22 genera. As for the plant community, different scholars have different dividing schemes. In view of the similarity of alpine tundra to arctic tundra, the appearance, composititon, floristic elements and ecological characteristics are explained respectively. Because alpine tundra is regarded as a special biogeochemical unit, the comprehensive researches on the chemical elements in all environmental components, including elements composition, content, distribution, migration and circulating laws etc., are discussed in this paper. Since the author once investigated tundras in Lapland (Finland) and Daisetsu (Hokkaido, Japan), the comparative study was accomplished, too. The result verified the scientific conclusion of the south boundary of mountain tundra distribution in the east of Eurasia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

THE FLOOD OF THE NENJIANG RIVER AND THE SONGHUA RIVER IN 1998 AND THE COMPREHENSIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE RIVER VALLEY L? Xianguo, Zhang Weizhong 1999, 19 (1):  10-14.  doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.10 Abstract ( )   PDF (805KB) ( )   Save In the summer of 1998, an exceptionally serious flood, with the characteristics of high water level, large volume of flow, long duration and serious losses caused by the disaster, occurred in the Nenjiang River valley and the Songhua River valley. Greater flood peak occurred three times in the trunk stream of the Nenjiang River due to the floods occurred in its tributaries one after another. At Jiangqiao Hydrometric Station, the water level was 141.90 m and the rate of flow was 12000 m3/s. The flood is ranged to a catastrophic one which occurs once in 50 years. Ranged to a catastrophic flood at Qiqihar Hydrometric Station that occurs once in 400 years, its water level, 0.89 m higher than the former all time high, was 149.30 m and the corresponding rate of flow was 14800 m3/s. The water level that exceeded the all time high lasted for 7 days. At Harbin Hydrometric Station, the water level, 0.59 m higher than the former all time high, was 120.89 m and the corresponding rate of flow was 17400 m3/s. The water level that exceeded the all time high lasted for 9 to 10 days. The flood here is ranged to a catastrophic one which occurs once in 150 years. The flood of the Nenjiang River damaged 456?104 hm2 of crops and 1.15 million rooms and the direct loss of economy exceeded 30 billion yuan (RMB). The main reasons of the flood are the great rainfall, the long flood season, the unreasonable land use, the regional ecological environment degradation and the lack of water control projects. It is obvious that the following measures are greatly needed: the comprehensive management of the river valleys; making development planning of the river valleys; strengthening water conservancy projects, especially the water control projects; the development of agriculture based on ecological security. References | Related Articles | Metrics

A STUDY ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT IN THE AREAS ALONG BEIJING-KOWLOON RAILWAY AND THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT Qian Zhihong, Ye Shunzan, Tian Wenzhu 1999, 19 (1):  15-20.  doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.15 Abstract ( )   PDF (750KB) ( )   Save The Beijing-Kowloon Railway, a newly built up main line, has great influence on the development of society, economy and urbaniztion of the vicinity. On the basis of analysis mentioned above, three best sections of the areas are identified and their advantages in the meaning of investment environment are discussed in detail. The section of Shenzhen-Huizhou is the best one where ocean faced, export oriented and high tech industries could grow very well. The section of Nanchang-Jiujiang has some advantages for development of resources exploited, processing, manufacturing and high tech industries, and the section of Fuyang-Shangqiu has the great potential for resource processing, local commercial and trade industries. In addtion, 16 cities passing through by the railway have been evaluated and classified for their comprehensive conditions and main functions in the regional development. All these cities can be ranked into three classes: at the top rank are Nanchang, Jiujiang and Huizhou; at the middle rank are Fuyang, Shangqiu, Heyuan, Liaocheng and Ganzhou, and at the lowest rank are all other cities. In order to give full play to Beijing-Kowloon Railway, improve the investment environment and quicken the regional development, some suggestions have been put forward for the infrastructure construction, industrial development, tourist industry, regional cooperation and competition, and necessary policies from governments. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF PLANT PHENOPHASES AND ITS APPLICATION TO SEASON DETERMINATION Chen Xiaoqiu, Cao Zhiping 1999, 19 (1):  21-27.  doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.21 Abstract ( )   PDF (897KB) ( )   Save In this paper the authors advance a new method called Phenological Frequency Distribution Pattern for determining the seasonality of natural landscapes and divide the phenological season in the foot area of the West Hill of Beijing into 12 stages using the data of the local phenological calendar. The result shows that each season stage has the typical morphological and coloration combination of plant phenology and the unique seasonal aspect, and is coincident with the seasonal distribution of air temperature and precipitation. Comparing this method with former methods, the new one has several characteristics, such as using quantitative and integrative indexes, determining more detailed season stages, comprising substantial season contents and having extensive regional applicability. Related Articles | Metrics

THE UTILIZATION OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRIAL LINKAGES——A Case Study of South Korean Invested Enterprises in Shandong Peninsula Fan Jie, Pang Xiaomin, Yang Xiaoguang 1999, 19 (1):  28-34.  doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.28 Abstract ( )   PDF (795KB) ( )   Save Based on the results of a case study on the South Korean invested enterprises in Shandong Peninsula, this paper aims at elaborating the relationship between the utilization of foreign investment and the development of international industrial linkages of China from enterprise point of view, as well as providing scientific foundation for the further development of Sino South Korea economic integration. Motivations for South Korean investors to enter Shandong Peninsula are analyzed and the evaluation on the local investment environment by South Korean investors are given in the paper. Besides, the basic industrial linkage features of South Korean invested enterprises, mainly concerning equipment and technology, raw material supply, market and management are explained in depth, which show light on the dynamic pattern of the emerging international division of labor between Shandong and South Korea. References | Related Articles | Metrics

TENTATIVE STUDY ON THE STATUS AND THE CAUSES OF DESERTIFICATION IN YARLUNG ZANGBO RIVER BASIN Dong Yuxiang, Li Sen, Dong Guangrong 1999, 19 (1):  35-41.  doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.35 Abstract ( )   PDF (998KB) ( )   Save The Yarlung Zangbo River basin is one special zone in the south of Xizang, its types and distribution and causes of desertified land have special features. By use of the last data of desertification survey, this paper analyses the area, types, distribution and damages of desertification in Yarlung the Zangbo River basin. Through analysis on the factors influencing desertification and their relations, this paper makes use of some quantitative analysis method to study systematically the cause of desertification, and thoroughly studies the effective ways and its mechanism of artificial factors on desertification process in this special zone in the southern Xizang. The basic conclusions are as follows: There are 3 degrees and 5 types of desertified land in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin. The area of desertified land is 314.1?104hm2. The desertified land distributes in all over the basin. The development of desertification has caused serious damage in all over the basin and huge economic loss. Desertification in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin is one comprehensive process relating with natural factors and human ones, in which it is the physical factors that play a leading role. The climatic change and human activities have almost equal influence and effect on the development of desertification. It is claimed that the cause of desertification has regional feature. The effective ways of artificial factors on desertification in this region is different from that in the northern China. Artificial factors are not the leading factors yet, their influence is much lower than that in the northern China. The leading way which effects desertification in this region is over grazing, not over reclamation in the northern China. In the Yarlung Zangbo River basin, the influence of over reclamation is only a little. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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INFLUENCE OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON THE LATE HOLOCENE VEGETATION CHANGES AT MAILI, NORTHEAST CHINA Ren Guoyu 1999, 19 (1):  42-48.  doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.42 Abstract ( )   PDF (764KB) ( )   Save A high resolution pollen record from Maili Bog, Horqin sand land, central Norhteast China, shows that the open sand land forests around the bog have continuously delined since 3100 a B.P., and the main herb taxa have experienced consistent rise in abundance. The most significant changes were in the pollen percentages and pollen concentration of Quercus mongolica, Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae. Furthermore, the changes of the herb pollen generally lagged behind those of trees, and the rise in Chenopodiaceae seems to follow that of Artemisia. It is thus possible that the stable sand dunes covered with open forest were first turned to partly stable sand dunes with Artemisia as the dominant taxa, and this was followed by the change from partly stable sand dunes to mobile sand dunes which usually support only Chenopodiaceae. Archaeological relics and documentary records show an increased human population and agricultural activities in this region beginning from Gaotaishan Culture (3300-3000 a B.P.). The farmers may have come from the southern regions of Liaoning Province, which was in turn influenced by the advanced agriculture of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The above mentioned vegetation changes in the Maili region, therefore, may have been mainly induced by the human interference with the sand dune system. This inference is generally supported by charcoal count data from the pollen profile, the different changes in pollen between extra region Pinus and intra region Quercus, and pollen data from the other sites in Northeast China. It is thus obvious that caution should be taken when one reconstructs the late Holocene climate changes using pollen data in such a region. It is also suggested that the past reconstruction works of the middle to late Holocene climates in some regions of the country may need to be re assessed. Related Articles | Metrics

A COMPARISON APPROACH TO TEMPORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURIST FLOWS TO SIGHTSEEING DESTINATIONS——WITH CASE SAMPLES OF NATIONAL PARKS OF JIUZHAIGOU, MT. HUANGSHAN AND TAOYUANDONG-LINGYIN STONE FOREST PARK Zhang Jie, Du Jinkang, Zhou Yinkang, Zhang Siyan, Jiang Zhaogang 1999, 19 (1):  49-54.  doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.49 Abstract ( )   PDF (872KB) ( )   Save With case samples of three national parks of Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan Province, Mt. Huangshan, Anhui Province and Taoyuandong Lingyin Stone Forest Park, Fujian Province, a comparing study on the temporal distribution of tourist flows to sightseeing tourist destination is presented in this paper. It is suggested that the spatial strucutre (tourist geographical structure) of the dominant tourist originations for a tourist destination play an important role in the formation of temporal distribution (including long term, seasonal and daily distribution) of tourist flow to sightseeing destination. Meanwhile, it is also elucidated that the characters (age, leisure time etc.) of dominant tourist groups and seasonal changes of tourist resources and environment (such as accessibility) of destination effect seasonal pattern of the temporal distribution of tourist flow. Finally, the significance of such research to local sustainable development of a tourist destination was discussed in the paper, too. References | Related Articles | Metrics

STUDY ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF ECONOMIC TYPE OF COASTAL ISLAND COUNTIES IN CHINA Zhang Yaoguang 1999, 19 (1):  55-62.  doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.55 Abstract ( )   PDF (991KB) ( )   Save There are more than 6500 coastal islands being up to 500 m2 in the vast sea area of China. The coastline of islands adds up to 1400 km, and the area amounts to 80000 km2. Coastal islands play a very important role in location, resources, national defence, politics and so on. Especially waters around islands are rich in densely distributed marine resources, which is of benefit to developing the economy of coastal islands. With the development of marine resources, coastal islands have made great progress in economy. Through the study on the classification of economic type of 12 coastal island counties in China, we know that they belong to different stages of economic structure, this provides scientific basis for rational distributing industries of coastal island counties according to their local conditions, and also for adjusting their industrial structure in the process of economic development. Applying the method of “three axis map”, we study the dynamic thrack of structure’s core of three sectors of coastal island counties and analyse the development process of their structure of three sectors dynamically and quantitatively, get relatively good results in classifying economic types of coastal island counties. References | Related Articles | Metrics

STUDY ON THE VARIATION LAWS OF THE AGRICULTURAL BOUNDARY TEMPERATURE OF JILIN PROVINCE Ma Shuqing, Xi Zhuxiang, An Gang, Liu Yuying, Wang Qi 1999, 19 (1):  63-68.  doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.63 Abstract ( )   PDF (1432KB) ( )   Save The change featur and cycles of the agricultural boundary temperature in every region of Jilin province were analyzed by using the linear regression, no integral wave and Wavelet analysis methods. And the change tendency of main agroclimate factors in the future 10 years were analyzed. The main factors include: the first date and final date of air temperature >7℃, stably; the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature, and the air mean temperature from May to Sept. The result shows that the first dates have a shift to an earlier date in the recent half century, and the thermal resources in the agricultural season have a increasing tendency. but the temperature condition has become unsteady in recent years. The first and end date of the limit temperature keep cycles variation with 20, 15 and 9 years, the accumulated temperature and mean temperature keep several cycles variation with 60, 15-16, 9 and 3-4 years. By the year 2010, the warmer period will end in the longer (60 years) climate cycle, and increasing tendency of the thermal resouse and the advance tendency of the seeding time will be subsiding. The future several years in the short cycle, the accumulated temperature should reduce, low temperature calamity and frost should happen frequently, the agricultural actions, such as seeds arranging and seeding period in every region should be adjusted. References | Related Articles | Metrics

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PALEOCULTURE AND PALEOCLIMATE IN MIDDLE OF CHINA IN NEOLITHIC AGE Lu Wei, Wu Baolu 1999, 19 (1):  69-72.  doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.69 Abstract ( )   PDF (826KB) ( )   Save In this paper, we shall discuss the relationship between the paleoculture and paleoclimate of the middle of China in Neolithic Age. By means of the data about paleopollen and the glaciers, we give paleoclimate (the temperature and the precipitation) of the middle of China. The temperature about 10 ka B.P. had been same with today, but the precipitation reached present standard until 8 ka B.P. Therefore the Neolithic Culture was began. According to the data of 14C dating in various sites, we give the temporal sequence about the ups and downs of Neolithic Culture in the middle of China. We disscoved the fallowing basic facts. First, the colder climate (Δ t =0℃, Δ t is the temperature difference from today) cause downs of the culture, even ended the sequence of the culture in Neolithic Age. The warmer climate (Δ t =2℃) cause ups of the culture. Second, the colder climate cause the removal of the ancients, and the mixture together among different cultures, thus also cause the birth of new culture. Third, the paleoclimate contraled the development of the culture in Neolithic Age. In this paper, we also give a math model on the relation between the paleoclimate and the paleoculture, and give a result of the simulation. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A LANDSCAPE STUDY OF ELEMENT TRANSFERRING PATTERN AND CHANGING STAGE OF CHANGPING TOWN IN EASTERN PART OF ZHUJIANG DELTA AREA Zeng Hui, Tang Jiang, Guo Qinghua 1999, 19 (1):  73-77.  doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.73 Abstract ( )   PDF (539KB) ( )   Save Based on multi time remote sensing and landscape pattern analysis, we used transferring matrix as main analyzing tool to study the element transferring condition and landscape changing course of Changping town from 1988 to 1996. The most important problems that we studied were the main source of non agricultural construction area coming from, transferring pattern of natural and agricultural elements to town, and landscape changing stages. The results indicated that 1) most new construction area came from arable land, orchard and water area, the transferring amounts were 1460 ha, 660 ha and 330 ha respectively. Because of geomorphologic impact, there was only 70ha of woodland that was changed to town area. 2) There were two kinds of transferring pattern, direct and indirect, to change natural and agricultural elements to construction area. The direct transferring pattern was the chief changing way, and more than 80% of new increasing town area came from this way. 3) The landscape changing course of Changping town during past 8 years could be divided into three stages, which were agricultural stage (1988 to 1991), town and county mixed stage (1992 to 1994), and town stage(1996). 4) Human disturbance was the driving force of landscape changing in Changping town, and high speed and large changing scale were main characteristics of its landscape dynamics. Related Articles | Metrics

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REFERENCE VALUE OF CHINESE ADULTS AND OLD PEOPLE’S HEMATOCRIT AND GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS Ge Miao 1999, 19 (1):  78-81.  doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.78 Abstract ( )   PDF (814KB) ( )   Save In order to supply a basis for uniting the reference value standard of Chinese adults and old people’s hematocrit, a research is made about relationship between the reference value of Chinese healthy adults and old people’s hematocrit and five geographical factors, which are determined by the way of wintrobe lows. It is found that altitude is the main factor affecting the reference value of Chinese adults and old people’s hematocrit. As the altitude increases gradually, the reference value of Chinese adults and old people’s hematocrit also increases gradually, and the correlation is quite obvious. Applying the method of mathematical regression analysis, two regression equations are given. If geographical values are obtained in some areas, the reference value of Chinese adults and old people’s hematocrit of this area can be reckoned using regression equations. Furthermore, according to the similarity of the reference value of Chinese adults and old people’s hematocrit, taking the altitude as the main dividing basis and considering effects of other geographical factors and population distribution, China can be divided into six regions: Qinghai-Xizang, Southwest, Northwest, Southeast, North and Northeast regions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

GEOCHRONOLOGICAL AND PALEOCLIMATIC STUDIES ON A STALAGMITE FROM NANJING MAN CAVE Wang Yongjin, Chen Qi, Liu Zechun 1999, 19 (1):  82-87.  doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.82 Abstract ( )   PDF (1090KB) ( )   Save 230Th/234U ages are determined on one stalagmite from Tangshan Cave in which fossil hominid craniums were discovered previously. The growth interval of the stalagmite suggests that the Nanjing Man fossils were older than 381 ka B.P.. An oxygen isotope temperature record from 381 to 166 ka B.P. has been obtained by combining data on the isotopic composition of calcites with that of fluid inclusions trapped in the stalagmite. The result of the isotope temperature indicates that temperature of the glacial stages were on average about 10℃ lower than those of the interglacial stages. The variations of crystal habits of calcites and laminated bandding on the stalagmite slice could represent dry and humid changes of cave environment. A comparison between the δ18 O curve and a petrographical microsequence of the stalagmite reveals that the several laminae were geochronologically related to the paleoclimatic events. Our study on trace elements of the stalagmite could not support the opinion that Mg/Sr ratio can be used as a proxy indicator for paleoclimate. References | Related Articles | Metrics

THE CHANNEL CHANGES AND THEIR EFFECTS IN THE QINGSHUIGOU STREAM INTO THE ESTUARY OF THE YELLOW RIVER Chen Baochong 1999, 19 (1):  88-91.  doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.88 Abstract ( )   PDF (529KB) ( )   Save The Qing Shui Gou Stream into the estuary of the Yellow River experienced the following changing periods: First it began with the wandering channel pattern, then the straight channel pattern, till at last meandering channel pattern. At the same time, the at last meandering channel pattern. At the same time, the scouring and deposition changes of the stram also experienced three periods: 1) the deposition with the channel wandering 2)the scouring which makes the channel formed 3) the deposition which makes the estuary extedn. These changes have some deep effects on the channel longitudinal profiles, the water level and the dangerous situation. The study of these changes and effects is of great instruction to the preventing disasters, the harness and the course change by engineering-measures of the estuary reach of the Yellow River. References | Related Articles | Metrics

ANALYSIS ON THE FRACTAL STRUCTURE FEATURES AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT OF THE BOULDER CLAY OF THE QUATERNARY IN MT. HUANGSHAN Zhou Binggen 1999, 19 (1):  92-94.  doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1999.01.92 Abstract ( )   PDF (441KB) ( )   Save The boulder clay of the Quaternary in Mt. Huangshan is distributed mainly at the foot of the mountain and its elevation is 400-800 m a.s.l. The idea on the formation of the sediments have different explanations. In this paper, the author analyses the fractal structure features of the sediments of the Quaternary in Mt. Huangshan based on the fractal theory. The fractal dimension changes from 2.708 to 2.753. The value is very closed to the fractal dimension of the sediments of ancient debris flow (2.75). The fractal dimension of the non cohesive debris flow is over 2.6. So, the sediments of the Quaternary in Mt. Huangshan is ancient non cohesive debris flow. According to the feature of the sediments, the climate was warm and wet during its deposition. The environment of Mt. Huangshan during the glacial epoch of the Quaternary was the periglacial environment of the monsoon type. The ancient non cohesive debris-flow was the sediments of the interperiglacial environment of the monsoon type. Its formation had relationship with the perigalcial environment of the monsoon-type. References | Related Articles | Metrics