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  • 2000 Volume 20 Issue 3
    Published: 20 May 2000
      
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  • Multi-scale Spatial Characterization of Land Use/Land Cover in China
    CHEN You-qi, Peter H. Verburg
    2000, 20(3): 197-202. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.197
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    This paper analyzed the determining factors Of land use and its spatial dependency in China, and through statistical and multi-scale GIS techniques investigated the spatial patterns of land use. Correlation and regression analysis was used to identify the most important explanatory variables from a large set of candidate determining factors. We found that the distribution of all land use types in China will be best described by a combination of different biophysical and socio-economic factors. Specific attention was given to the influence of scale and the spatial distribution of arable land. The results will provide some reference for the land use planning and spicy-making of sustainable utilization of land resources.
  • A Survey of the Danxia Landform Research in China
    PENG Hua
    2000, 20(3): 203-211. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.203
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    Danxia landform belongs to red terrestrial elastic rock landform, which is characterized by its red cliffed scarp. The development of Danxia land form research in China experienced three history stages, i. e.; Prof. Guoda Chen raised initial establishment and taking shape and expanding since the concept "Danxia landform" in 1939. As a new branch of geomorphology, Danxia land form research is now stepping its ripe stage. In 90’ s, their search enters into an unprecedented grand occasion at the prompting of tourism exploit. Danxia landform is classified into rock land form system. That the red terrestrial elastic rock being its material base and that steep scarp being its type form are accepted by most of researcher in this field. The constitution of leveled-top and cliffed-scarp and gentle-fool is the type shape of Danxia landform. In different area, the provincial characteristics of Danxia landform are different from each other due to their geography environment differences. Danxia land form developed only when the Earth crust reached its specified development stage, e. g., all red beds found on the Earth are not earlier than Mesozoic era. Most of Danxia landforin formed on red conglomerate rock, sand-conglomerate rock and sandstone. Meanwhile, red bed hills formed on siltstone and mud stone due to their flexible texture. The regional tectonic pattern, which controlled the distribution of sedimentary basins, is the tectonic base of Danxia landform. Tectonic lines within the basin controlled the distribution pattern and even the shape pattern of Danxia landform mountains. Supper surface of a mountain and tectonic dome of Danxia landform were controlled by the rock occurrences. Crystal movement controlled the development of Danxia landform. Exogenetic forces influenced the Danxia landform development included alleviation and weathering and gravitation processes, among which the alleviation process is the main force formed the Danxia landform. Alluvial corrosion and weathering created favorable condition for the gravitational eboulement, Danxia landform cliffed scarp is often the eboulement surface or reformed one. Wind erosion and saline weathering are unponderable forces in forming Danxia landform in arid zone. Organism activity is advantageous to weathering in humid zone. Artificial Danxia land form landscape is the product of exploiting stone. Danxia landform often distributed in weak ecology system areas; however, its tourism development value is often high due to its beautiful landscape and plentiful cultural scenery. The Danxia landforin research is aim at its development principles, taxonomy, landscape quality evaluation and graduation, natural mountains and river culture and human culture scenery, nature resource protection and utilization, and etc. All of which are beneficial to regional economic construction. In recently years, symposium of Danxia land form landscape resource and its tourism development are very active, which make a great contribution to regional tourism development.
  • Changes of the Rice-Seeded Area in Beijing and Tianjin Region during the Past 50 Years and Its Responses to the Changes of Precipitation
    SU Gui-wu, FANG Xiu-qi
    2000, 20(3): 212-217. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.212
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    According to the result of Moving-t test analysis, The changes of rice-seeded area during the past 50 years are divided into three stages, 1949-1968, 1969-1985 and 1986-1996, in Beijing, and two stages, 1949-1971 and 1972-1995, in Tianjin, respectively. In both regions, the rice-seeded areas show the fluctuation from rise first and then fall down. And before 1970, the changes in the two regions were, on the whole, similar. But after 1970, the changes in the two regions tended to difference. The changes of rice-seeded area in both regions were all resulted from the comprehensive influence of the natural, the technological and the political factors. It is the faultiness of the policies that has made the rice-seeded area being extended over the capability of water resource supply. In order to serve the need of the rice planting, the exploitations of water resources in both regions all have been extended from rain to surface water and then to groundwater. But when the water resources still could not meet the need, the rice-seeded area was reduced. As a response of farmers to the annual rain variation, the variation of rice-seeded area is lagged behind that of the rain by one year, which resulted in the remarkable negative correlation features between the precipitation of a year and the rice-seeded area of the same year. Such important phenomena makes the water resources can not be used sufficiently in the years with more precipitation, but the shortage of water resources be strengthened in the drought years.
  • Evaluation on Exploitative Intensity of Land Resources in the Yangtze River Delta Region
    ZHOU Bing-zhong, BAO Hao-sheng, PENG Bu-zhou
    2000, 20(3): 218-223. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.218
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    The exploitative intensity of land resources in Yangtze River Delta region has been discussed in this paper. Through interpretation in terms of theory and quantitative evaluation, the implication of land exploitative intensity is stated clearly, and relative measurement method is put forward. "High intensity exploitation of land resources" is defined scientifically. It shows that land exploitative intensity grade in Yangtze River delta is high intensity in country, and that its grade is low intensity in the world. The authors put forward the ways to deal with land high intensity exploitation in the Delta, such as the improvement of exploitative technology and human environment, the strengthening of exploitative intensity of low-grade units in the region, and the exploitation of water and land resources by sticking to principles of integration, high efficiency and lastingness. In the same time, the authors emphasize that utilization and protection are both important.
  • The Sustainability of Chinese Agricultural Yield Affected by Global Climate Change
    ZHAO Xin-yi, ZHANG Hui-yuan
    2000, 20(3): 224-228. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.224
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    As one of the key issues of regional respond to global climatic change, the sustainability of agricultural production under the changing climate is attracting more and more academic focuses. The impact of climate change on the agriculture results from the change of climate elements mean values and of the climate variability. The assessment system of winter wheat water and yield in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the main production area of food in China, is submitted in this paper to discuss the impact of climate variability and future climate on the production of wheat. The system is made up with a set of models, which is based on the following idea. Crop uses water in the form of the transference of precipitation, soil moisture and plant water. The situation of crop water supply and requirement can be expressed by the relationship between actual evaportranspiration and potential evaportranspiration. Then we can estimate crop yield from the loss of evaportranspiration. The simulation of water balance during the growth period of winter wheat shows that the deficience of water are 200400 mm in the area of north of the Yellow River, 100 mm or so in the middle part of the Plain, and nearly zero in the area including south of Henan province, north of Anhui and Jiangsu province. The spatial divergence of irrigation amount is discussed, too. From the water balance estimation model, the yield of winter wheat can be calculated under the scenario of climate change in the future. So the change of yield of winter wheat in the Plain in the future is given, which is yield decrease in the most part of the plain.
  • Locational Behavior and Spatial Influences of Multinational Corporation in Shanghai
    XIONG Shi-wei, GE Yue-feng
    2000, 20(3): 229-235. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.229
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    At present, the rapid growth of multinational corporation is one of the major economic phenomena in the world. Through study on multinational corporation distribution in Shanghai’s industry and trade, the study indicates: locational behavior of multinational corporation in Shanghai is determined together by market-oriented, cost-oriented and global strategy; locational behavior of multinational corporation has cause a heavy influence on Shanghai urban pattern and spatial structure.
  • The Relationship Between the Composition of the Major Ion of River of China and Regional Natural Factors
    ZHANG Li-tian, CHEN Jing-sheng
    2000, 20(3): 236-240. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.236
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    According to major ion content data of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Songhua River and Preal River systems from 1959 to 1985, regional rainfall data and lithology data, the relationship between the characteristics of major ion chemistry and natural factors such as regional climate and lithology has been analyzed through statistics methods. The conclusions reached are as follows. The ion content of river water and the composition of river water are remarkably controlled by rational rock dissolution. The total ion contents of river water are remarkably negatively correlated with regional rainfall.
  • Study on the Question of Sustainable Development of Coal-Mining Cities in the Northeast China
    JIANG Jian-quan, MA Yan-ji, TONG Lian-jun
    2000, 20(3): 241-245. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.241
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    There are 11 coal-mining cities in the Northeast China, which confront difficulties in the aspects of economic and environment sustainable development. In this paper the authors analyze the present situation and the distinguishing features of coal-mining city in the Northeast China, point out that there are some difficulties existed in these cities, which include economic benefits declining, eec-environment’s deterioration, infrastructure’s getting behind and industrial structure’s becoming irrational; probe into what leaded to these difficulties from three varying degree: social microeconomic background, rational economy and enterprise behavior; finally, put forward five suggestion about sustainable development, in which the key measures are adjusting industrial structure and protecting eco-environment.
  • Characters of Groundwater and Influence on theInterior Salt-affected Soil in the West of Jilin Provience
    SONG Chang-chun, DENG Wei
    2000, 20(3): 246-250. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.246
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    The salt-affected soil is closely related to groundwater，specially to shallow groundwater with high contains of Na+,HCO3- and larger total mineralization degree in the west of Jilin provience, the upward movement of saline groundwater ant it subsequent evaporation at the suface of the soil adds to the salinization soils.There are different hydrogeologic and geochemical feature in different geomorphic cell affected by Quaternary geology development and Neutecton Movement, the salinization soil types is associated with the different geochemical types of shallow groundwater. The paper analyzed the influence of hydrogeologic and geochemical environment on the soils and the close relationship between salinization soil and shallow table and mineralize degree, and discussed the rate of upward flow relates with the depth to the water table, and the geochemical differentitation in different geomorphic cell，this study offered the quantitative mark between intensity of salinization and water table and mineralization degree.
  • Comprehensive Evaluation and Managerial Strategy of Ecological Environment of Oasis in Wuwei City, Gansu Province
    BAI Yong-ping
    2000, 20(3): 251-258. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.251
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    In view of change of entropy in ecosystem, this paper focuses on elaborating the method of comprehensive evaluation and rational regulation to eco-environment of oasis, which meet the demands of factorial quantification and suit the integrated evaluation of natural-economic-social attribute, soas to lay the foundation of restoration and rehabilitation of eec-environment of oasis. According to dissipative structure theory advanced by Prof. Prigogine, entropy and change of entropy in ecosystem can be defined as S=Q/P, and △S=S2-S1-S12, where S stands for entropy of ecosystem, Q stands for energy output (or input), P stands for economic income (or expenses), S1 stands for primary entropy of ecosystem, S2 stands for final entropy of ecosystem, S12 stands for intermediate entropy of ecosystem, that is, it is also negative entropy flow which ecosystem in a motion state get from external environment, and △S stands for change of entropy in ecosystem in a motion state. Supposition the total of change of entropy in ecosystem △S= 0, and Y=S12, namely Y= S2-S1, where Y is entropy production of inside of ecosystem or stability of ecosystem, which can be used to describe good or bad about structure and function of ecosystem. With case of Wuwei City, Gansu Province, based on the principle of stability, simple, integrity and territory, percentage of forest coverage (x1), the proportion of cultivate grass area in cultivated area (x2), desertified land area (x3), soil erosion area (x4), the proportion of ensured irrigated area in cultivated area (x5) and depression depth of ground water table (x6) can be chosen as independent variable, and stability index of ecosystem (y) as dependent variable, a multivariate nonlinear regression equation is given by the applied of stepwise regression analysis. Thus, the evaluation for ecosystem of oasis should focused on the change of entropy in ecosystem △S and stability of ecosystem Y, and the regulation for one could obtained from the solution of ∂y/∂x1 =0. The results of comprehensive evaluation for ecological environment of oasis are given as follows: 18 village (town) are classified Ⅱ, 15 village (town) Ⅲ and 5 village (town) Ⅳ, and entropy values of stability of ecosystem are 26.14-29.06×106, 29.43-34. 92×106 and 37. 32-47. 13×106 calorie/yuan (RMB) respectively. On the basis of the contribution or weight of each evaluating factor to stability of ecosystem of oasis, some managagerial strategy for ecological environment of oasis such as reverse of desertified land, strengthening conservation of water and soil, rehabilitation of shelter forest system, increasing cultivate grass area, control depression range of ground water table and stabilization ensured irrigated area are put forward.
  • Eolian Sand Deposition and Its Environmental Significance in Linxia Basin Since Middle Miocene
    WANG Jian-li, FANG Xiao-min
    2000, 20(3): 259-263. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.259
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    Atotal of 55 samples were taken from the Tertiary red earth and Quaternary lacustrine deposits and loess for Linxia Basin for the analysis of quartz type and content using electron probe microanalyzer. The eolian sand contents appeared two high values at about 8Ma and 6-5Ma respectively. The mean size of quartz grains was about 0.4mm during the 15-3. 6/2. 6 Ma period and dropped down to 0.1mm dramatically after 3. 6-2. 6Ma. These results mean the eolian deposition reached its maximum at 8 Ma and 6-5 Ma respectively. Since the Quaternary, the local eolian deposition was decreased significantly and disappeared which was replace by dust deception from far source, suggesting the uplift of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the change of air circulation.
  • A General Survey of the Studies on El Niйo and La Niйa in China
    LUO Gao-yuan
    2000, 20(3): 264-269. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.264
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    El Niйo and La Niйa are the phenomena concerned internationally. The author refers to all scientific research achievements at home and abroad, describes their basic notions and features, analyses and discusses several typical formative principles. Finally he concludes that the appearrance of El Niйo and La Niйa results from the unbalance of the air stream interaction on the sea no matter what kind of processes they are. Both El Niйo and in Niйa are not isolated, so they make global and peculiar influence on the climate even if they only appear on the 1/4 tropical sea surfaces. El Niйo mainly affects the distribution of drought and flood at a large scale, i. e. the flood on the east of the southern Pacific Ocean and the drought on the west of the Pacific Ocean and Africa. On the other hand, La Niйa disturbs the usual climate features of one area, i. e. originally there ought to be plenty of rain fall in a certain season or area, but now it is especially hot. Furthermore, it can deteriorate the climate feature, making the dry area drier and the wet place wetter. In the end, the article comments on the influnce of El Niйo and La Niйa on the climate of our country, analyses the existing problems at the present academic field and points out the prospects of our future work.
  • Review and Prospect of China’s Cartography
    ZHANG Shi-kui, LIU Zhao-yong, LI ying
    2000, 20(3): 270-273. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.270
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    In this paper the authors introduce the development and achievement of cartography in China in the aspects of cartography theory, map application and revision, compilation techniques and production. It shows that unpredented development has been made in our country’s cartography along with the advances of science and technology since the reform and the opening-up to the outside world.
  • Study on the Sustainable Development of the Urban Agglomerations along the Coastland in China -A Case of Shandong Peninsula Urban Agglomerations
    GAI Wen-qi
    2000, 20(3): 274-278. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.274
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    This paper discusses the problems which urban agglomerations along the Chinese coastland are facing during the course of their realization of the sustainable development. The paper takes the urban agglomeration of Shandong Peninsula as a special case, analyzes the factors (including economic institution, eeo-environment, resource and fracture, etc.) limiting their sustainable development, gives some suggestions for the sustainable development of the urban agglomeration along the Chinese coastland at last.
  • The Environment Change of Melmeg Lake Groups of Fifty Years
    LU Jin-fu, XIAO Rong-huan, JIE Dong-mei, FAN You-sheng
    2000, 20(3): 279-283. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.279
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    The Melmeg Lake groups are located on the right side of backward position of the Nenjiang River. Here is lower physical features, lake, marsh and wetland are linked, the aquatic plants are flourishing, here provides an ideal house for birds. e. g. red-crowned crane. The lake-level change and eco-environment change are mainly decided by the change of rainfall and river-level of fifty years. There is a tendency to warm up in climate of Songnen Lake region in fifty years, the fluctuation range of water-level gets bigger, the eco-environment becomes fragile. The human activities e. g. water conservancy facilities, agricultural cultivation and industrial pollution give rise to lake groups and their environment change which include positive and negative sides. Although the intensity differs from the space and time, yet the overall tendency is that lake-level drops and ecological environment gets worse.
  • Spatial Structure and Regional Development in the Region along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province
    LU Yu-qi
    2000, 20(3): 284-290. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.284
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    The spatial structure of the region along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu province is the result which is acted synthetically by the distance from Shanghai and from the nearest port of the Yangtze River. Based on this, the GDPPC of Shanghai City can be deduced by distributing status of GDPPC of the region along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province. In the recent ten years, the south side of the Yangtze River of this region has formed a new developing axes. It makes clear that the regional spatial structure has basically formed. To the relationship of port and region, both sides of the region along the Yangtze river follow the mutual unisonous developing pattern which port and region motivate each other. This law can instruct the development of the region along the Yangytze in north part of Jiangsu province, whose axes hasn’t formed. Based on this, the article studies the building of two developing Triangles of Nanjing-Hefei-Wuhu and Jiangying-Zhangjiagang-Jingjiang.
  • The Rational Exploitation of Natural Resources and Economic Sustainable Development of Meizhou
    CHEN Yi-bin
    2000, 20(3): 291-293. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.291
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    Meizhou is a district that is relatively rich in natural resources but backward in economy. This paper analyses the existing problems with the theory of rational exploitation of natural resources and economic sustanable development, proposing the developing train of thought, striving to be the guiding function of the economic development of the mountain area of Meizhou.