EN中文

Archive

  • 2003 Volume 23 Issue 4
    Published: 20 July 2003
      
  • Select all
    |
  • Management of Space for Water and Sustainability of Water Resources
    DENG Wei, ZHAI Jin-Liang, YAN Min-Hua
    2003, 23(4): 385-390. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.385
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Special space is required for storing water resources. Space for water plays an important role in keeping integrity of systems of water resources, ensuring water cycle and regeneration and realizing sustainable development of water resources. The space for water is composed of spaces of many media related to water, such as forest, wetland, flood plain, soil and underground media contained water. Because human activities violently disturb the systems of the global surface, structure of space for water is damaged severely, which harm sustainability of water resources. Loss of space for water changes the processes of water cycle and aggravates negative equilibrium largely. Through scientific plan of space for water, the pattern and forecast system of space for water are set up in order to realize sustainable utilization of water resources and ensure harmonious development of resources, environment and social economy.
  • Problems of Man-land Relationship System Theory under Global Change
    WANG Li-Ming, GUAN Qing-Feng, ZHENG Jin-Yun
    2003, 23(4): 391-397. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.391
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    WCRP, IGBP, IHDP and DIVERITAS have been established as international scientific research programmes to focus on global change since the 1980's by joint of ICSU, ISSC, WMO, UNDP, UN-ESCO. Sponsored by the programmes above, dozens of supporting programme have been also set up, such as LUCC, IGBP-DIS, START. After more the 10 years promotion of the programme, it has be emphasized heavily by most scientists that human dimension on global change should be paid more attention to in scientific works. Geography, taking Man-land Relationship System as its core, is playing an important role in global change research. Based on the review of global change research, this paper points out four key topics between geography and global change science: (1) Human dimension on global issues. As a scientific thinking skill, human dimension on global issue is helpful to combine Man-land System theory and clobal change research. (2) Geological time scale and human time scale. Global change issues should be considered at both geological time scale and human time scale, however, man-land relationship system research pay more attention to issues on human time scale. (3) Global scale and regional scale. Global scale issues is the background of regional issues and frame of value reference. (4) Integration of human data and natural data. Human data are usually based on human spatial unit and natural data on natural unit. However it is very difficult to share between them, due to difference of spatial unit. It is important to establish a common information unit system to convert data to a common spatial scale. (5) Man-land System and paradigm of modern geographical science.Finally, this paper gives some comments about the important of the combination of geography and global changes science.
  • Analysis on the Regional Differential of the Internet Diffusion in China
    LIU Wen-Xin, ZHANG Ping-Yu
    2003, 23(4): 398-407. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.398
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Internet as a new kind of geographical factor represents an exclusive regional differential features, it attracts more and more concerns of geographers and other discipline researchers as well. Internet in China shows an overwhelming increasing trend recently, though this momentum was commenced late in 1994. According to the report of the China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), by December 31, 2002, in Mainland China, there are 59.1 million Internet users, 20.83 million computers connected to the Internet, 179.544 thousand domains registered under ‘CN’, and 371.6 thousand websites under ‘www’. As in many western countries, Internet in China has unevenly diffused from the eastern to the western region and among 31 mainland provincial units. Based on the regularly released data by CNNIC, this study explores regional differential of Internet diffusion in China by quantitative methods. The authors design an Internet Diffusion Index (IDI) to stratify Internet diffusion level of the 31 provincial units. IDI is the geometric mean of 3 indicators; they are Internet users per thousand people, the domain names per 10 thousand people and the websites per 10 thousand people. Given the national average IDI is 1.000, the final results show that the IDI of the eastern coastal region is 1.754, it is much higher than 0.389 of the central region and 0.422 of the western region. However it is easy to find that IDI of the west is slightly higher than that of the central region. The IDI topology is different from that of social and economic development, which has new implication for China's regional development. As to the 31 provincial unites, 6 groups are further sorted out, Beijing and Shanghai rank the highest group, only Guizhou is in the lowest group, 6 coastal provinces are in the second and third groups, the left majorities are distributed in the fourth or fifth groups. By method of Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, the authors further analyses 6 impact factors with 14 variables (V1-V14). The result shows that human quality and information & knowledge productivity have stronger impact on Internet diffusion than the other 4 factors such as economic development level, opening up level, existing telecommunication infrastructure level and urbanization level. Stepwise Regression Analysis on the 14 variables produces that the standard partial regression coefficients of V7, V3,V8,V9,V14 and V12 are 0.709,0.595,-0.507, 0.490,-0.405 and 0.096 respectively,which indicates that number of patent per 10 thousand people, number of the high educated per 10 thousand people, share of the import and export value in GDP, hosted foreign tourists per 10 thousand people, urbanization level and regional density of laser cable have strong impact on Internet diffusion.
  • Research on Interaction Between Urban and Rural Areas:The Machanism and Measures in Solving the "Three Agricalture"Problems
    LI Pei-Xiang, LI Cheng-Gu
    2003, 23(4): 408-413. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.408
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    "Three Agriculture" problems(Countryside, agriculture and farmer problems) are the mojor ones involving the reform and open policy and modernized construction in the new century and new phase, and having essential effect on social stability. However, we must get rid of the conventional thinking in order to resolving the "Three Agriculture" problems. Since the qualification and abilities are limited in rural areas themselves, it is especially significant to study the three problems from a new angle of the interaction between urban and rural areas. The article first states the effective ways to solve the "Three Agriculture" problems. And then, emphasis on analyzing the machanism and patterns of the interaction between urban and rural areas. Lastly, the paper puts forward the measures to promote the interaction between urban and rural areas.
  • Adjustment of Industrial and Spatial Structure of Fujian Province on the Basis of Interaction Between Taiwan and Fujian Provinces
    CHEN Xiu-Ying, GU Chao-Lin
    2003, 23(4): 414-421. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.414
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Under the background of economic transition, the adjustment of industrial and spatial structure of Fujian Province should be carried out on three aspects. Firstly, to find chance from the industrial transition all over the world and establish development strategy of itself. Secondly, to find new growth spots from the new change on the politics and economic structure of relations between Taiwan Province and Chinese mainland and to restructure the spatial structure according to it. Thirdly, Fujian Province must find its advantage from local space and form harmonious integration with above two aspects, on the premise of coordinating interregional labor division. Among the three aspects, the relations of Taiwan Province and Chinese mainland is the core to control industrial and spatial structure adjustment. Relations between Taiwan and Chinese mainland are getting better and better, besides, Fujian has the special location predominance, which determines that the adjustment of industrial and spatial structure of Fujian Province must be established on the basis of interaction of Fujian and Taiwan provinces. As for industrial structure adjustment, core aims are to select key industrial departments and to optimize regional economic growth model. Rest on logic course of co-operative industries selection between Fujian and Taiwan provinces, there are three important contents of industrial departments selection: 1) Cluster of agriculture. It includes productive cooperation and the system cooperation on agriculture support and promotion, and the key is to develop highly efficient agriculture and spread advanced modern agriculture administration system. 2) The adjustment of manufacture department cluster includes IT, automobile and petrochemical industries. Scale structure and spatial structure should be adjusted at the same time. 3) The core departments of tertiary production cluster are finance, logistics and harbor serves. To achieve economic integration between two seashores of Taiwan Strait, spatial structure reorganization on the basis of interactive action between Taiwan and Fujian province will pass through five stages: 1) Stage of five urban economic regions; 2) Integrated incipience of urban economic regions; 3) Stage of Fuzhou and Xiamen economic circle; 4) Stage of coastal urban economic zone; 5) Stage of integrated economic area between Fujian and Taiwan provinces. On the basis of five urban economic regions at present, the prospective spatial structure after adjustment should become integrated open space after through the five stages of urban economic regional integration and establish space system which contains four parts: the space of flows, the transition space, local space and radiation space.
  • Spatial Organization of Industrial Belt along Harbin-Dalian Railway and Its Industrial Distribution
    MA Yan-Ji, TONG Lian-Jun
    2003, 23(4): 422-426. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.422
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    It is sensible to take into account spatial organization and industrial distribution in industrial belt along Harbin-Dalian Railway. The study divides the industrial belt into three layers, the first and second layers are our main discussing areas, which is economic center of the Northeast China, the cities in this area have close connections. About 45% of the area, 73% of the population and 86% of GDP of three provinces (Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang are concentrated in the belt. In the belt, many cities have the same industries, the problems of resources and environment are serious, regional economic cooperation among cities is to be strengthened, and problems and difficulties in the old industrial area have not been dissolved thoroughly. The key industries in the belt are agriculture, farm products processing industry, automobile industry, machinery industry, petrochemical industry, high-tech industry and tertiary industry. We put forwards an industrial distribution space model of "One axis and one belt with three sub-regions". Along the Harbin-Dalian Railway, there are four industrial areas, the key industries in each area are different, and cities in each area are closely connected. In the whole area of the belt, cities and towns connect with each other by communication lines or fibers, and urban area and rural area develop together. Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang, Dalian are the center of four industrial areas, main communication lines or fibers stretch from Harbin to Dalian. The cities in this industrial belt should cooperate on constructing regional infrastructure, enhancing cooperation among enterprises, and carrying out sustainable development strategy. Cites in Harbin-Dalian industrial belt should cooperate with the cities around the Bohai Sea, it is significant to stimulate the cooperation between coastal areas and inland areas in Northeast China.
  • Decomposition of Kuznetz Ratio and Its Application in Regional Difference Analysis in China
    WU Dian-Ting, SONG Jin-Ping, LIANG Jin-She, ZHANG Tong-Sheng
    2003, 23(4): 427-433. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.427
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The study of regional difference and its change is one of the most important research topics in regional economics and geography. In this paper, we first discussed the relationship among different models used in the study of regional difference, and pointed out the limitations of Gini coefficient and other indicators in the use of describing regional inequity, combining with China's specific conditions; then we examined the peculiar function of Kuznetz ratio. By decomposing and calculating Kuznetz ratio, we find out the direct causes that bring about the changes of China's regional difference. The results show that the changing process of China's regional difference since the reform and opening up can be divided into four stages, that is, the first stage is from the year 1978 to 1983, the second stage from 1984 to 1990, the third stage from 1991 to 1995, and the fourth stage from 1996 to now. Each of these four stages shows different extrinsic characteristics and intrinsic factors of regional difference, which is mainly due to the contrast value of two factors, that is, the population proportion of low-income areas and the GDP proportion of high-income areas. The details are as follows:1) In the first stage, the population proportion of low-income provinces gradually declines and the income proportion of low-income provinces increases, and these two facts cause the general inequity decline a little.2) In the second stage, the general inequity increases a little, which is mainly due to the vibration of two factors, factor A is the variation of inequity coefficient caused by the relative change of low-income population, factor B is the variation of inequity coefficient caused by the relative change of high-income population;3) In the third stage, the general inequity increases rapidly, which is due to the increase of population proportion and income proportion of low-income provinces.4) In the fourth stage, the general inequity declines a little, comparing with the index of the third stage, which is the result of the obvious increase of population proportion and the obvious decrease of income proportion of low-income provinces.The results also show that China's regional inequity in the future may be lessened to some extent.Practice has proved that the indicator of Kuznetz ratio has a unique function in describing the regional difference, but simply using this method might not have a good result and we should pay attention to its application combining with other methods.
  • Natural Controls of Fluvial Denudation Rates in Major Drainage Basins of China
    LI Jing-Ying, ZHANG Jing
    2003, 23(4): 434-440. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.434
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The chemical weathering and mechanical denudation play an important role in studying the sea-land matter balance and global climatic change. The rock weathering and erosion products, including the dissolved and solid yields which amount to 15Gt and 5Gt annually, are mainly transported through the rivers into the ocean. The dissolved and particulate loads of the river are used to estimate the physical erosion and chemical weathering rates over the world drainage basins, respectively. The total weathering rate is obviously higher than that of major world watersheds. It is found that the lower erosion rates are distributed in the northern and southern China, while the higher values are observed in the middle of China. The average physical denudationrate rate in Huangfuchuan (the Yellow River's tributary) is the highest value known in the world. The chemical weathering rate is always far less than the mechanical denudation rate in the same watershed, furthermore, the proportion of total denudation contributed by chemical weathering decreases as total denudation rate increases. Data demonstrates chemical weathering rate constitutes only a small proportion of the total denudation rate, while mechanical denudation rate is the most important denudation rate in most drainage basins in China. Moreover the chemical weathering rate is to a less extent controlled by the mechanical denudation rate in the same drainage basin.The environmental and basin property data are quantified and indicated by the annual mean precipitation and temperature, runoff, aridity index, relief ratio, highest altitude, vegetative ratio, river length and basin area in the past decades. Variables expressing basin relief characteristics and aridity indexes are found to be most strongly associated with mechanical and total denudation rates, with approximately 72% of the variance in the total denudation rates being accounted for by the basin relief ratios and aridity indexes. The annual mean precipitation and temperature are responsible for the 39% of the variance of the chemical weathering rates in the Chinese drainage basins. However, basin property, runoff, highest altitude and vegetative ratio are only weakly associated with the physical denudation and chemical weathering rates. The effect of vegetative ratio on increasing the chemical weathering rates and decreasing the physical denudation rates possibly shows clear on the small scale and usually faint on the large scale. The key factors identified as controlling denudation rates here are also applicable to the interaction between tectonic and denudation processes in the Chinese watersheds, although chemical weathering rates are more weakly associated with these topographic variables than mechanical denudation rates. In particular, compared to the world other watersheds, the aridity indexes play a major role in controlling the denudation rates of Chinese drainage basins.
  • Variety Characteristics of Daily Minimum Air Temperature in China in Recent 50 Years
    WANG Cui-Hua, LI Xiong, MIAO Qi-Long
    2003, 23(4): 441-447. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.441
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on the data of daily mean minimum air temperature of a year and January, April, July, October (standing for winter, spring, summer and autumn respectively) from 241 stations in 1951-2000, we divided the whole China into eight regions, and studied the characteristics of daily minimum air temperature in different regions and seasons .By the research we found that under the background of the global climate warming, the increase of daily minimum air temperature was remarkable. Especially in the late of the mid 1980s, the increase in the northern China was more conspicuous than that in the southern China and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. During the 50 years, the first warming catastrophe of daily minimum air temperature took place around the mid 1970s.The warming trend in this time was not significant, mainly in the form of fluctuation. There was the second warming catastrophe after the mid 1980s, the warming trend in this time was significant. By studying the data of different seasons, we still found that the daily minimum air temperature has a trend of decline in the southern China and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
  • A Discussion on the Relation Between Environment Change and the Neolithic Culture of Guanzhong Area, China
    PANG Jiang-Li, HUANG Chun-Chang
    2003, 23(4): 448-453. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.448
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    A typical Holocence loess profile is observed at Zhouyuan in the Guanzhong basin. According to detailed studies of field features and laboratory, it indicates that the palaeosol S0, normally associated with the Holoence Megathermal period, is separated into both the lower brown forest earth (S02) and the upper Luvic cinnamon soil by a thin loess layer(Lx) between 5800 and 5000 aB.P., normally associated with dry environmental conditions. The soil S0 was a soil complex with two whole pedogenical processes. According to detailed data from a archaeology in China, Yangshao culture in Guanzhong area was at the height of power and splendour between 6000 and 5500 aB.P., but cleared decline from 5500 to 5000 aB.P. Comparisons between the Holocene environment change and the Neolithic culture development at that time in Guanzhong basin, as well as other area in China, we find that the Neolithic culture development clearly responded to the environmental changes. Forefathers had to migrate to other places to find new nutrition resources when environmental changes so very strong or abrupt that vegetations were destroyed entirely. But, it could boosted the development of Neolithic culture in some extents as environmental changes was small or slow to compel human invent and improve techniques to raise per unit yield to fit their needs in food. This paper discussesehe role and status of environmental conditions in the Neolithic culture development, and thinks that it could be primary fact that caused the remarkable degradation of the Neolithic culture or progress. The Neolithic culture development clearly responded to the environmental changes, but it always lagged behind environment change in time. Human and human activity, as an important factor of surface layer system of the earth, should be inhibited by the environment conditions.
  • The Assessment of Debris-flow Activity Degree Based on Remote Sensing Image
    LIU Jia-Hong, WANG Guang-Qian
    2003, 23(4): 454-459. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.454
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Debris flow is a kind of natural disaster which appears rather frequently in the mountain areas in China. The reason of such a fact consists of two parts: the original tectonic and the contrived damage. In the process of the Western development, the investigation and analysis of the debris-flow's potential dangerous areas and its activity degree are of great importance for the establishment of practical resource exploitation stratagem, and the protection of those plants which are in the areas of high potential danger. With the technique of remote sensing(RS) and the software of watershed (such as ArcGIS and WMS), and completely based on the image and data from RS, the paper investigates a new assessment method of debris activity degree.
  • Relationship Between Nonpoint Source Nutrient Load and Sediment and Its Application
    LI Huai-En, CAI Ming
    2003, 23(4): 460-463. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.460
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Nonpoint source load is one of the main sources of surface water pollution. The representative annual load is the base of water pollution control. So it is very important to develop the load estimation methods of nonpoint source pollution under the limited data conditions since there are no long series of measurements on nonpoint source pollution in China. In order to meet the needs of water pollution control planning and water resources protection, on the basis of theory analysis and measured event data of nonpoint source pollution from four watersheds in the middle and the southern Shaanxi Province, with areas from 15 to 3092 km2, the linear relationships between the unit load of TP, TN and unit sediment are established. Their correlation coefficients are larger than 0.9. Two examples of load prediction of nonpoint source nutrients are carried out to show the specific application procedure. One of them is the prediction of TP and TN for single extreme flood, wet year and long-term average year for the Heihe River valley with an area of 1481 km2; and another the prediction of TP and TN for different representative years for the Baihe River section (56310 km2) of the Hanjiang River, the largest branch of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River. The prediction results are compared with those of correlation method of water quality and quantity, and there are no great differences. It is concluded that this method can be applied to estimate nonpoint source nutrient loads for single event and representative years with different frequencies. Since nonpoint source pollution depends on the process of rainfall-runoff-erosion, land-use types and many other factors, the obtained relationships between nutrients and sediment will be more typical if measured data consists of high, middle and small floods. In addition, the established relationship can only be applied to the same watershed or similar watersheds to reduce prediction error of nutrient loads.
  • Analysis on Driving Factors of LUCC in Zhangye Oasis of Hexi Corridor
    MENG Ji-Jun, LI Zheng-Guo
    2003, 23(4): 464-470. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.464
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on the interpretation of composite image of band 4, 3, 2 of Landsat 5 of 1995 and 2000 according to land resources classification system of 1:10 0000 in Resources and Environmental Database of CAS, this paper carried out the study on LUCC of Zhangye oasis in the middle of Hexi Corridor. Canonical correlation analysis was also applied to analyze the LUCC and driving factors and drew the contributions of each factor to the forming of LUCC. At the same time, the authors used the coefficient of canonical correlation analysis and redundancy degree to verify the analysis results. The results show that the main driving factors of the increase of urban area and built-up area and cropland are the increase of population, GDP and average income per capita etc. But for the decrease of grassland, woodland and water, the causes are relative complex. The decrease of precipitation, the increase of temperature and the enlargement of investment in agriculture may all contribute to it. At the same time, some cropland and unused land have converted to grassland and woodland, which were mainly caused by ecological security and policies etc. Analysis combined with the type of driving factors shows that the change in cropland structure is mainly the result of optimum economy welfare and the security of food. While, the cultivation of grassland and woodland usually results from the survival economy welfare. Also, optimum economy welfare contributes to it. In area with fragile eco-environment and intense external impact, the security of environment brings the recovery and reconstruction of woodland and the best utilization of unused land.
  • Characteristic of the Organic Carbon-isotope Composition and Contribution of Suspended Matter in the Pearl River
    WEI Xiu-Guo, SHEN Cheng-De, SUN Yan-Min, YI Wei-Xi
    2003, 23(4): 471-476. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.471
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The paper studies the characteristic of the contribution and seasonal change of organic carbon isotope composition(δ13C) in the Pearl River. According to the δ13C value of C3, C4 plant and river suspended matter, we can discern the state of plant covered in different water and soil loss area. The water and soil loss area in the Dongjiang River basin was mainly grassland and cropland. The water and soil loss area in Beijiang River basin was lots of subtropical forests. The results indicated that we can discern the condition of plant covered in different basins. POC of Beijiang mainly originated from forest area and its carbon-isotope composition was affected by C3 plant. The carbon-isotope composition of Xijiang is between that of Beijiang and Dongjiang's. It indicated that the suspended matter was affected by C3 and C4 plant at the same time. And part of POC in Xijiang River originated from the soil covered by forest, some came from grassland and cultivated land.
  • Quantitative Determination of Landscape Boundary between Mountain Birch and Tundra in the Northern Slope of Changbai Mountains
    CHANG Yu, BU Ren-Cang, HU Yuan-Man, XU Chong-Gang
    2003, 23(4): 477-483. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.477
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Landscape boundaries, or transitional zones among different landscapes, are also called ecotones. They are resulted from complex interactions among ecosystems, topography, and geomorphology. Landscape boundaries are inherent features of landscapes and play important roles in ecosystems dynamics. They control the flux of material between ecosystems and influence biodiversity. Characteristics of ecotones may be especially sensitive to environmental change. Studies have showed that high environmental heterogeneity and biodiversity are often found within these zones, and changes of their locations can be used as indicators of environmental change. However, landscape boundaries have often been ignored or reduced to lines on a map when ecologists studied homogeneous regions to characterize and understand ecosystem processes. Hence, to better study and understand the functional roles and dynamics of ecotones, quantitative methods to identify their location are needed. There are many methods to characterize and identify ecotones. Such as spatial clustering which considers the spatial relationships among sites, lattice-wombling, triangulation-wombling and categorical-wombling etc. In this study, we use GIS, RS and multivariate statistics techniques (PCA and Moving Split-windows Analysis (abbreviated as MSWA)) to analyze data from field transect inventory and Landsat TM satellite imageries, quantitatively determining the width and position of landscape boundary between tundra and mountain birch in northern slope of the Changbai Mountains. MSWA is a classical analysis method for one dimension value. First putting two windows on the even-interval samples (the number of samples among one of the windows equals to the other), and comparing the dissimilarity of the samples in the two half windows; then, moving the window backward by a sample until all the samples on the transect are used. There are a lot of methods to calculate the dissimilarity. Because the results got by SED (Square Euclidean Distance) was compatible with field observation, it is the most commonly used method. The formula is as follows: where n represents the midpoint of the two half-windows or the stop point of the window, a and b represent the two half-windows respectively, w denotes the width of the window, while m stands for the variable numbers of each sample plot. According to the graph plotted by SED as ordinate and the position of Sample Points along transect as abscissa in Cartesian coordinates, we can determine the condition of landscape boundary by the change of rate. Higher and narrower peaks denote abrupt landscape boundary, while lower and wider peaks denotes gradual landscape boundary. Our results show that the widths of the landscape boundary between mountain birch and tundra is 60 m or so. Such detected widths are consistent with field transect data that suggests a 50 m transitional zone width. Our results further suggest that TM data can be used in combination with GIS and statistical techniques in determining forest landscape boundaries; MSWA is more reliable than PCA, while PCA can also be used to determine the landscape boundary when transects are properly located.
  • The Current Status of Urban Landscape Ecology Study and Its Perspectives
    ZENG Hui, XIA Jie, ZHANG Lei
    2003, 23(4): 484-492. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.484
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Urban landscape is the most important type of human-cultural landscape. Along with the global urbanization process, the number and area of the urban landscape keep increasing. The originality and development of the urban landscape has been always in association with intensive human activities for landscape alternation. Therefore, most landscape ecological issues emerging from human activities can be reflected during the process of the urban landscape development. Reasonable and effective resolution of these issues will be determined if the healthy development of the urban landscape as well as the socio-economic sustainable development can be achieved. The urban landscape ecology is the most active branch of landscape studies. On the basis of the recently published documents, this paper summarizes the development status quo of urban landscape ecology in 5 aspects. (1) Study on urban landscape pattern: it focuses on the whole urban landscape pattern, the gradient change characteristics, and the comparison study of urban and suburban landscape pattern characteristics. (2) Study on land use/land cover change: on the basis of discussion about relevant methodologies, this aspect pays attention to the conversion characteristics among various land use types in internal and suburban areas of a city, and makes prediction analysis on their dynamic changes. (3) Study on ecological recovery and ecological reasonability construction: it gives relevant theory and methodology solutions for problems in urban green space, city support function, and aesthetic construction. (4) Study on landscape dynamic changes: it sets up models for urban landscape dynamics, and analyzes the process rules and driving mechanisms of urban landscape change from spatial and non-spatial aspects. (5) Study on biodiversity of urban landscape: it studies the protection problems of different biological species in urban landscape, and meanwhile, discusses the ecological significance of some important species and their ecological maintenance solutions. Through analyzing the development status quo of urban landscape ecology study, we find that there exist considerable gaps in the areas as follows, driving mechanism of dynamic change of urban landscape, evaluation on ecological reasonability of structure and functions, optimized design models of landscape patterns, and decision support and management in urban development. These gaps, which limit the further theoretical development of urban landscape ecology and the application, should be the priorities areas for the future study. In addition, urban landscape ecology is a multi-disciplinary and comprehensive study category, so the research staff should work in close collaboration with scientists in other related fields, further progress in narrowing the above-mentioned gaps can be achieved.
  • Regional Characteristics and Driving Mechanism of Land use/Cover Change in Yulin Prefecture, Shaanxi
    SHI Ji-An, CHEN Li-Ding, SHI Jun-Tong, FU Bo-Jie, ZHANG Shu-Rong
    2003, 23(4): 493-498. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.493
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Based on the land-use map of Yulin prepared in 1986 and 1995, the conversion matrix of land-use change from the 1980s to the 1990s is acquired by using Geographic Information System (GIS). Then, the characteristics of land use/cover change in the corresponding period in Yulin Prefecture are further discussed with the help of statistic data. The results indicate that the range of land use/cover change was great and most land-use type went to the same direction. In detail, compared with the rapidly increasing area of woodland/grassland, the gross area of farmland and the others were decreasing, but the farmland quality in some areas was improved. On regional scale, the notable decrease of farmland and increase of woodland in the southern loess hilly region showed a striking contrast with the slightly rise of farmland and rapidly increase of grassland in the northwest sandy area, which was in accordance with the regional environmental characteristics and the land policy "returning farmland to woodland/grassland". And the main driving forces of land-use change are population growth, population ratio between peasant and citizen, and annual income of local farmers. Additionally, the land-use policy and the public awareness on environmental protection also play an important role in land use/cover change.
  • University Town and City Development in Guangzhou
    XIAO Ling
    2003, 23(4): 499-503. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.499
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    As knowledge economic society coming, university towns become one of the most important kinds of City because of their special functions. As a result, a lot of university towns are setting up in China, which ask for us to maks sure the following problems. What are university towns in China? What roles do they play? What functions do they make? By comparing the characteristics of different kinds of university towns at home and abroad, the paper consideres that university towns are the region where colleges and universities are densely located in. According to their developing level from low to high, university towns can be divided into four kinds. They are university districts, university satellite towns, university cities and technopoles. Guangzhou is one of the most important cities in China. There are almost 60 colleges and universities in the city. Except that, a university satellite town named Guangzhou University Town is setting up and will start to enroll new students in the autumn of 2004. The town is located on the Xiaoguwei Isle, Xinzao Town, Panyu District of Guangzhou, 17km far from the city center, covers an area of 43.3 square kelometres. The paper consideres that as a result of setting up Guangzhou University Town, Guangzhou City will develop more quickly and become a studying city, a city with strong functions of education, culture, science and technology, and a city with suitable enviroment for living and working. From the case, we can see the roles and functions which the university towns play.
  • Doctoral and Master's Tourist Dissertations in China
    ZHANG Jin-He, LU Lin
    2003, 23(4): 504-510. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2003.04.504
    Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    Doctoral and Master's tourist dissertations embody the width and depth of tourism study in some degree. Based on consulting "Chinese Dissertations Database (CDDB)" in technical information sub-system of Wanfang data resources system, the paper gets 408 Doctoral and Master's dissertations on tourism from 1988 to 2001. By using SPSS, the paper gives systematic analysis on dissertation's number increase, specialty's background, study content, study method and case region, indicating five features of Chinese tourism study.(1) Since 1995, the dissertations have gone up rapidly. Tourism higher education offers solid personnel resources foundation for tourism study, and they cater to the need of Chinese tourism development.(2) With wide specialty's background, the dissertations are from the angels of different subjects, which enriches the contents, theories and methods of tourism research.(3) The study contents of dissertations are very rich, covering tourism subject, object, medium and their mutual links, influences and functions. But because of the rational demands of practical features in tourism study and the perceptual calls of realistic needs in society, tourism study concentrates more on the aspects of economy and technology than society, culture, education, environment, history, policy and so on.(4) As for the study methods of the 408 dissertations, most of them are descriptive method, which occupy 58.3%, and 26.4%, 7.1%, 8.2% for notional method, tectonic method, and mathematical statistic method. Study method and means remain to be improved.(5) At present, tourism dissertations mainly analyze some cases in the eastern and middle areas of China, which amounts to 145, and possesses 76.32%. To Jiangsu, Liaoning, Hubei, Shangdong, Guangdong, Zhejiang provinces and their affiliated cities and counties, the study is fairly comprehensive on tourism resources evaluation and development, tourism planning and design, tourism development strategy and tourism management. There are 45 dissertations studying on western areas, which takes 23.68%. Except Shanxi and Yunnan, other 10 provinces' tourism basic studies are rather weak. With rapid development process of the western area, it is imperative to strengthen the study on eco-tourism, minority nationality culture tourism, tourism planning, etc.Based on above-mentioned analysis, the paper also puts forward the prospects for future tourism study.