论文
WEI Ben-yong, FANG Xiu-qi, WANG Yuan, ZHANG Xue-zhen, YANG Hui-min
International trade is also an important factor influencing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of an economy. As the continuously increasing of export trade, a part of Chinese carbon emissions had been used to produce exported goods satisfying the consumption demands outside China. The foreign consumers, especially from developed countries, have also the responsibility to Chinese carbon emissions. Knowing about the situation of carbon emissions embodied in Chinese international trade clearly is important in responding the international negotiation and trying to win more development rights in the future. In view of this, based on the input-output table (2002) with 122 sectors and 44 sectoral energy consumption data, this paper estimated the national and sectoral carbon emissions embodied in Chinese exporting trade from the view of final demands. In order to understand the carbon emissions embodied in exports accurately, the imported input was distinguished from domestic input and, the emission imported and later exported was also included in this paper. The results showed the production of Chinese exports required the carbon emission generation of 288.22-330.49 MtC within and outside China, most of it (261.19 MtC) being generated in domestic production processes. In this way, the domestic production of goods for exporting accounted for about 23.45% of Chinese total emissions from the consumption of primary energy in 2002. For most sectors, over 80% of their exported carbon pollution was generated in domestic production. Exported carbon emissions from the manufacture of communication and electronic equipment, the one of raw chemical materials and chemical products, and the one of textile were most significant in all industries, and their exported emissions generated in domestic production processes were also the biggest in all sectors of China. Looking at the ratios of imported and later exported emissions to the total exported emissions in the minimum scenario, there were 13 sectors whose ratio values were higher than the average of Chinese economy, and the sectors mining and processing of ferrous metal ores, production and supply of water, production and supply of electric power and heat power showed the highest values. However, in all sectors, the manufacture of raw chemical materials and chemical products, manufacture of communication and electronic equipment, smelting and pressing of ferrous metals, extraction of petroleum and natural gas had the highest imported and later exported emission. The production of Chinese exports per unit output generated about 0.093-0.106 kgC in China and abroad, 0.084 kgC of which was generated in domestic production. The most significant carbon-intensive sectors were mining and processing of ferrous metal ores, production and supply of electric power and heat power, and production and supply of water. Given the pressure of carbon emission reduction and national energy security, it is not appropriate for China to increase the exports of goods with higher energy consumption, and it is necessary to improve the production technology to decrease the intensities of sectoral energy consumption in the future; On the other hand, the developed countries should actively provide advanced production technologies to China and other developing countries to reduce global emissions of GHG, which will be helpful to get a win-win situation of equality and efficiency in the action of global carbon emission reduction.
