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  • 2010 Volume 30 Issue 2
    Published: 20 March 2010
      
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  • 论文
    Quantitative Study on Effect of Linear Project Construction on Landscape Pattern along Pipeline
    CHEN Li-ding, WANG Ji-ping, JIANG Chang-liang, ZHANG Hai-ping
    2010, 30(2): 161-167. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.161
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    Pipeline construction, as a linear project may result in significant effects on the structure and function of regional ecosystem, however a systematic and effective method to quantitatively evaluate this kind of effects is unavailable until today. In this paper, the Dianshi-Zhumadian branch line of the West-to-East Pipeline Project (WEPP)was chosen as a study area, the landscape pattern change along the pipeline was compared before and after construction based on Landsat TM and ETM+ (2002, 2003)images by using landscape metrics. The results shows that oil pipeline construction activity becomes the direct factor affecting land use changes in the area near the oil pipeline, the construction areas increase by occupying farmland, woodland and grassland, and the influence extent of the construction has an inflection point at the 1500-3000 m buffer zone. The connectivity index (COHESION)is more sensitive to impact of the pipeline construction. Paired T test indicates that no significant difference is found on the landscape indices at patch scale, and the landscape pattern change at 0-300 m buffer zone has a similar trend to the other buffers. At the landscape level, it is difficult to determine whether the construction project have produced effects on the landscape pattern changes alone the project. Based on our study, the method by comparing the significance of the difference between landscape indices both in spatial and temporal scales is useful and effective for quantitative evaluation on the environmental impacts, and it can be used to distinguish the effects of projects from the other sources when the environmental impact assessment is conducted in pipeline project construction. However, it is important to note that the response feature of landscape indices to the impact of pipeline project is different at the patch level and landscape level.
  • 论文
    Study on the Spatial Agglomeration Suitability and Optimize the Input Structure of Production Factors of Manufacturing Industry in the Southeast Seaboard of China
    TANG Gen-nian, SHEN Qin, GUAN Zhi-wei
    2010, 30(2): 168-174. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.168
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    The changes of the whole industry by meanings of a series of input and output targets were analyzed in the paper. Fifteen industries with high agglomeration level were selected as subjects of study. According to the relationship between profit and scale indices of input production factors, the main result was found that some manufacturing industries’agglomeration became much more excessive in southeast beaboard China, there were surplus input and output deficit on combination of factors on the progress of spatial agglomeration of manufacturing industries. The result of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)on slack variable showed that when there was a decrease in input factor or an advance in combination of factors, the cost of product could be cut down and the efficiency could be improved by increasing productivity in order to achieve a rational distribution. As a result, the manufacturing industries can be divided into excessive agglomeration industry, appropriate agglomeration industry and promising agglomeration industry. By means of DEA, the excessive agglomeration areas were fund out. The result of the analysis of slack variable can do some help to make policy of tabling the agglomeration suitability of manufacturing industries and rationalization of industry in those excessive agglomeration industry areas.
  • 论文
    Manufacturing Development in Chicago and Location Theories
    WANG Fa-hui, HU Yi-dong
    2010, 30(2): 175-183. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.175
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    Chicago, one of the three largest cities in the U.S., has been a major manufacturing city in the Midwestern "Rusty Belt" since mid-1800s. As illustrated by the famous geographic historian William Cronon, Chicago is a "nature’s metropolis", and its growth is largely attributed to its unique geographic location. In its early stage of development throughout the 19th century up to the early 1900s, Chicago’s industries relied on its hinterland for lumber, grain and meat supplies and also provided the surrounding rural areas with agricultural machinery and other industrial goods. Its interdependence with the rural hinterland and its surrounding agricultural patterns can be explained by the von Thünen model. From the early 1900s to 1970s, Chicago gained significant growth in heavy industries (iron and steel, transportation equipment, chemical and construction materials, etc.). Its economic prosperity benefited from its proximity to the Great Lakes and access to Mississippi River (through Illinois River)for cheap waterway transportation as well as a radial railway network centered at Chicago. Weber’s industrial location theory, particularly the role of transportation cost, sheds light on understanding Chicago’s industrial development during this period. In the later 1900s, like many cities in the old "Rusty Belt" (from the Midwest to the Northeast)in the U.S., Chicago lost much of its manufacturing to the suburbia, to the south and even overseas. In addition to the drive for cheaper labor, more spacious land, easy access to interstate highways or better climate, non-traditional location factors particularly government policy and planning have played an important role. Chicago has minimized the impact of loss of manufacturing employment, to a large extent, by diversifying its economy. The purpose of this study is two-fold:to understand the history of Chicago’s manufacturing development in light of the classic location theories, and also in the hope, to learn some valuable lessons from Chicago’s experience and help us craft effective plans and policies in some old manufacturing regions in China.
  • 论文
    Analysis of Spatial Pattern and Economic Effects—An Empirical Study of FDI in Pan-Yangtze Delta
    ZHU Dao-cai, LU Lin, JIN Xiu-long
    2010, 30(2): 184-189. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.184
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    In early 1990s, the development of Spatial Economics laid down certain theory foundation for the study of spatiality of economy. Such spatial research is defined as the research of economic spatial pattern in spatial economy to explain the reasons and formation mechanism for phenomenon of spatial agglomeration. Some tools, such as Theil entropy index, relative entropy index, Coefficient of Variation and half-logarithm economic growth model, are utilized to analyze the evolution of the spatial and temporal distribution and the variation of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)as well as economic growth effect of FDI in the Pan-Yangtze Delta. The models of spatial pattern of FDI and economic impact of spatial variability for FDI are constructed respectively. A wholly trend of diffusing is found on the spatial distribution of FDI in Pan-Yangtze Delta. The diffusing way is along the "Z" shape spool thread, and the diffusing forms include two kinds:one is the contagious proliferation and the other is the hierarchical proliferation. The hierarchical proliferation is more remarkable after 2001. Based on correlated statistical data from 1990 to 2007, variation degree and economic effect of the five provinces and Shanghai city of Pan-Yangtze Delta were worked out. The results showed that FDI have been playing a positive role to the regions economic growth. However, the efficiency is different in different regions. The variation degree of FDI is inverse correlated to economic growth. Based on above findings, three fields should be concerned when making and implementing related policy of FDI. Firstly, trying to create friendly financing environment and further consolidate and enlarge the scale of FDI after world financial crisis. Secondly, establishing expedite FDI spreading corridor and optimizing its special framework. Spatial framework and variation which based on capital efficiency are decided by rent seeking nature of FDI. It is concentrated on Shanghai firstly, and spread to the other provinces. In order to improve the practical efficiency of FDI, open FDI spreading channel should be constructed by every region. Then FDI can be allocated appropriately and effectively used under the market mechanism. Last but not least, the harmony of regional development should be kept to promote national economic revitalization. The blue print of the Pan-Yangtze Delta Area should be designed and even all Yangtze River valleys as soon as possible in the background of harmonious development at the national level.
  • 论文
    Industrial Layout Pattern Recognition:Index System and Empirical Test
    LIU Tao, CAO Guang-zhong, JIANG Yi-dong, GAO Xiao-wen
    2010, 30(2): 190-196. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.190
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    Regional industrial layout patterns have drawn the attention of many geographers. Focusing on specific industry and (or)specific area, however, most of previous researches are lacking of continuity and comparability. A rational, comparable, and feasible index system is essential for describing and evaluating layout patterns of various industries in different areas. This paper tries to establish such an index system and estimate its rationality and feasibility through the followed case study. The index system is constructed to represent the industrial layout patterns from perspectives of centricity, inequality, spatial agglomeration, and correlation between observed industry and other industries and economic factors. Firstly, the proportion of employment in the center to that in the region and to that in the sub-center, are recommended to represent the centricity of the industrial layout. Secondly, the authors set up indices of ubiquity, measured by the proportion of subregions with one or more enterprises of the observed industry, and concentration ratio to represent the inequality of industrial distribution among subregions. The concentration ratio can also be estimated excluding the center. Thirdly, spatial agglomeration of an industry is measured by distances between the center and sub-centers and other industrial agglomeration areas, and distances among industrial agglomeration areas without regard to the center. Finally, it is also important for recognition of industrial layout patterns to investigate their relationship with the spatial distribution of other industries, population, land use and other socio-economic factors, which can be measured by Pearson correlation coefficient, similarity coefficient or grey relational degree. Taking Nanchong as a case, we classify 2-digital industries from the aforesaid perspectives respectively with quantitative analysis methods. At last, four typical comprehensive patterns of industrial layout are concluded. The case study provides evidence for rationality and flexibility of the index system, which can also be used in industrial layout pattern recognition and classification in all kinds of areas, at different times and on multi-scales.
  • 论文
    Geographic Stages of the Global Financial Crisis Contagion and the Inspirations for Crisis Prevention in China
    FU Xue-ying, CHEN Cai, LIU Ji-sheng
    2010, 30(2): 197-203. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.197
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    The financial crisis has been taking the place of the industrial crisis to be the symbol of the economic cycle since 1980s when the human society entered the era of knowledge economy and the era of globalization. Nowadays the assertion that financial crisis has become the main form of economic crises is strongly proved by the financial crisis breaking out in 2008, which has been called as a global crisis and a crisis of the century because of its vast destructiveness and profound impacts. This paper explored an issue:how does the global financial crisis contagion happen in the geographic dimension? According to the research on the financial crisis erupting in 2008, the process of global financial crisis contagion can be divided into three geographic stages based on the different mechanisms and characteristics of crisis contagion among different regions of the world. At the first stage, the financial crisis was transmitted from New York City to other major financial centers in the world with a geographically point-to-point transmission characteristic. The sub-prime mortgage crisis became the direct incentive for the financial crisis. Information played a crucial role at this stage. A series of bad news about the significant losses of many huge financial institutions due to the sub-prime crisis flied fast among financial centers. It triggered the confidence crisis over the major world financial markets, which finally developed into a devastating blow to financial system. Crisis contagion at this stage has its own characteristics:fast transmission speed, violent vibration and profound impact. The second stage that the crisis was transmitted from the major financial centers in the world to the developed countries is actually a process of crisis contagion from the financial sector to the real economic sector. The geographic characteristic of crisis contagion at this stage is a point-to-plane transmission process. The liquidity crisis deriving from the confidence crisis in financial system reduced the capital flow to the real economy, which made the production activity of most developed economies drop dramatically. The pessimistic anticipation of individuals and enterprises further weakened the demand of consumption and investment. The developed economies entered a vicious circle. The crisis at the second stage was self-enhanced. At the third stage, the crisis contagion from the developed countries to the developing countries was a result of the reduction of capital inflows to developing countries and the reduction of international trade amount. The crisis contagion at this stage has its own characteristics:the geographic contagion characteristic was a plane-to-plane transmission process;the speed of crisis transmission was relatively slow;crisis affected different developing countries in different ways, and economic recovery was slow because the deep-seated problems of the world economy were revealed at this stage. This paper analyzed the mechanism and characteristics of the global financial crisis contagion on every geographic stage, which enlightened the financial crisis contagion-proof measures for China. At first, an early-warning mechanism for crisis should be built up by establishing a comprehensive index system, a full-coverage information network and a immediate reaction mechanism, most of all, by enhancing the development of qualified personnel;secondly, the government should promote financial development under market-orientation principle and at the same time, should adopt appropriate regulation especially on certain important financial areas to prevent risks;thirdly, the domestic demand should be expanded to improve the ability to withstand the future crisis by creating more job opportunities, extending basic social security coverage, stimulating consumer demand in the rural areas and exploring potential markets;fourthly, the industrial structure should be further optimized, in order to improve the overall national strength.
  • 论文
    Network Analysis on Centrality of Airport System
    MO Hui-hui, JIN Feng-jun, LIU Yi, WANG Jiao-e
    2010, 30(2): 204-212. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.204
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    The airport system is an important component for the organization of aviation transportation. It is an effective way to analyze the constitution of air transportation and urban systems by identifying the spatial structure of airport system. Centrality is one of the basic methods. Based on network analysis, three common indices, degree centrality, closeness centrality and betweenness centrality were used to measure centrality for individual cities in the paper. That is to say, "Being central" is not limited to being connected to others, but also being close to all others and being intermediary between others. In the airport system of China, degree centrality shows the "Ding Pattern" for the top class and the "Flyover Effect" for the national network. Closeness centrality makes it measurable for the airport service. Betweenness centrality is a good measure to analyze regional hubs and the core-periphery pattern. On individual cities, Beijing and Shanghai are clearly the top two central cities in all three indices;and rankings on other cities by the betweenness centrality differ significantly from those by the degree and closeness centralities. Based on the three centrality indices, an Exploratory Weighted Method (EWM)were put forward, namely system centrality, to do a further research. The results showed the hierarchical structure with the "Ding Pattern" in the top class and the "Flyover Effect" in the national network. Besides, the spatial pattern by the system centrality accords well with the five airport clusters designed in the National Civil Airports Deployment Plan.
  • 论文
    Measurement of Spatial Accessibility to Health Care Facilities and Defining Health Professional Shortage Areas Based on Improved Potential Model—A Case Study of Rudong County in Jiangsu Province
    SONG Zheng-na, CHEN Wen, CHE Qian-jin, ZHANG Lei
    2010, 30(2): 213-219. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.213
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    Potential model has been widely applied in measurement of spatial accessibility to health care services, and such approach can be used to evaluate the fairness of the distribution of health care facilities. The existing formulas had integrated three main factors including the service capacity of health care facilities, the population in demands and travel impedance between population location and provider location. It is worth mentioned that a vital factor that the impact from the health care facilities with different levels (different grades and scales)to the selections of residents with some approximate service demands was considered in the study, and such factor was integrated into the existing formulas to improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of potential model when measuring spatial accessibility. Based on the data of Rudong county in Jiangsu Province by the end of 2007 which refer to hospitals, residents, traffic network and so on, the improved potential model was applied to assess the variation of spatial accessibility to hospitals in Rudong county as positive area. Through the study, the following conclusions were reached:Based on the proper travel friction coefficients, the improved potential model proposed can be more reasonable and comprehensive to measure spatial accessibility to health care facilities, and can be accurate to reveal the health care resource quantity which any population location can access in the context of competition by those demanders due to travel impedance within certain threshold travel time, furthermore, health professional shortage areas of positive area can be defined effectively with certain standards developed by public health management sector, which can support the basis for decision-making of health service planning. On the whole, such approach was explored for spatial accessibility to health care services and the designation of health professional shortage areas by covering more factors closer to reality in this research.
  • 论文
    The Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Enterprise Location and Its Urbanization Effect——A Case of Coastal Areas in Southeast of China
    QI Xin-hua, ZHU Yu, ZHANG Fu-xiu, LIN Xiao-yang
    2010, 30(2): 220-228. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.220
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    The industrial location selection is the important micro perspective of understanding the underlying mechanism of urbanization. The characteristics and influencing factors of enterprise location and its urbanization effect were discussed based on the analytical frame of western location factors. The results of the questionaire survey showed that the enterprise location deviated from the western industrial location theory anticipation of being located or approaching to the metropolis. On the contrary, the enterprises mainly centrer around towns or countries and with the spatial pattern of "scattering around large scale areas and concentrating on small scale areas". At the same time, most of the enterprises never relocated or only moved within short distance. If they want to relocate, their intention of moving to development areas or medium and large cities is not very strong. The influcing location factors, such as transportation expenses, technological cost, transactional cost, agglomeration economies, labour cost, land cost, capical and private factors were examined, which resulted in the phenomenon of in situ urbanization in coastal aeras in Southeast of China. The article testifies and perfects the western industrial location theory.
  • 论文
    Multi-variable Fuzzy Analysis Method for Groundwater Environmental Risk
    LI Ru-zhong, WANG Ming-wu, JIN Ju-liang
    2010, 30(2): 229-235. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.229
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    Groundwater environmental assessment is a useful tool for environmental planning and decision-making. Up to now, many studies have been carried out and several index models have been developed for assessing groundwater vulnerability worldwide. Because of the complicated characteristics of groundwater environmental system, however, there still has no a satisfactory methodology for the comprehensive assessment of groundwater environmental risk. In this paper, an index system, with multi-level structure, was first established for groundwater environmental risk assessment, by using twenty-two qualitative and quantitative indictors chosen from such fields as geology, hydrological geology, landform, pollution qualities, types of land use and social values of groundwater, etc. Meanwhile, the groundwater environmental risk was defined as a multiplication between grade of risk and importance of risk, and the classification standards for grade of risk and importance of risk were also primarily established, individually. On the bases, a fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making model was proposed for the assessment of groundwater environmental risk. As a case, above index system and model were utilized to evaluate the groundwater environmental risk of three cities, located in the north of Anhui Province. Study result showed that the index system and multi-attribute decision-making model established above were reasonable and effective for groundwater environmental risk assessment.
  • 论文
    Tectonic-sedimentary Landforms Classification of Middle Segment of East Quaternary Jianghan-Dongting Basin
    BAI Dao-yuan, LI Jian-qing, MA Tie-qiu, WANG Xian-hui, PENG Yun-yi, LI Gang, ZHOU Ke-jun
    2010, 30(2): 236-241. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.236
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    Tectonic-sedimentary landforms classification and mapping of the middle segment and eastern areas of east Quaternary Jianghan-Dongting basin (1:250000 Yueyang sheet)were conducted according to Quaternary tectonic activity, sediment and present elevation and topographic characteristics. Nine types of tectonic-sedimentary landforms were defined, and every type of landforms possess special characteristics of elevation, quaternary rising-falling activity, weathering and erosion and sedimentation. Tectonic-sedimentary landforms classification and geomorphologic map not only show geographic environments, but also provide a effective mean to deliver directly Quaternary stratum, tectonic features and geological and environmental evolution, and will promote and deepen studies on the Quaternary Geology and environment of Jianghan-Dongting basin.
  • 论文
    Forest Landscape Dynamics in North of Funiu Mountain along Terrain Gradient
    LIANG Guo-fu, HAN Yan, DING Sheng-yan
    2010, 30(2): 242-247. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.242
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    The paper investigated the forest landscape dynamics in the north of the Funiu Mountain, where considerable attention has been drawn in issues of slowing down the agricultural expansion into the remaining natural forests. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, the terrain gradient of forest landscape dynamics were examined by using geographic information system. The results showed that terrain niche index was valuable in describing the forest landscape dynamics in the north of the Funiu Mountain. In 1986 and 2003, the predominant ranges of forest landscape change on terrain niche index were 9-30 and 10-30 respectively and there was a slight trend of up slide. From 1986 to 2003, the three predominant ranges of forest landscape change on terrain niche index in the areas of the forest landscape unchanged, the forest landscape converted to non-forest landscape, and the non-forest landscape converted to forest landscape were 10-30,5-12 and 4-10,18-24 respectively. In addition, by using spatial analysis in Arc/GIS 9.2 and Spss 10.0, the correlation of forest landscape change and the terrain gradient were analyzed. It indicated that there were notable correlations between them, especially in predominant ranges of terrain gradient.
  • 论文
    Comparison and Evaluation of Classification Features in Land Cover Based on Remote Sensing
    ZHANG Jing, YAO Feng-mei, XU Yong-ming, ZHANG Jia-hua
    2010, 30(2): 248-253. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.248
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    This paper briefly introduced the application of some classification features, based on the current research status of the regional land cover classification. Classification features play a chief and basic role in the research of land cover, and it is significant for the classification accuracy to select the features. Due to the advantages of integration of multi-temporal and multi-spectral MODIS data in regional land cover, this paper presented the research on land cover classification in area of North China, selected the features such as surface reflectance (MODIS 7-band reflectance), vegetation index (MODIS-NDVI, MODIS-EVI), two characters of texture (homogeneity, entropy), and DEM to classify by the method of MLC, finally compared and evaluated the classification accuracy by using different features. The result indicates that it has higher overall classification accuracy using MODIS 7-band reflectance data than using vegetation index. And combining the two features above, the classification accuracy of cropland and grassland can be improved obviously. The result also shows the classification accuracy varies with the different features. It can increase the overall classification accuracy to integrate MODIS 7-band reflectance data with some other features, which contain vegetation index, texture and DEM. However, classification accuracy of some types can not be always enhanced by the combination of the above classification characters.
  • 论文
    Soil Available Cd, Cu, Pb Distribution Characteristic and Its Influencing Factors
    ZHONG Xiao-lan, ZHOU Sheng-lu, LI Jiang-tao, ZHAO Qi-guo
    2010, 30(2): 254-260. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.254
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    A total of 126 soil samples were collected to analyze soil available Cd, Cu, Pb distribution characteristic in Kunshan City of Jiangsu Province, and its influencing factors were studied by correlation coefficient, path coefficient and decision parameters. The results showed that Cd, Cu and Pb bioavailability reached up to 63.75%, 19.17% and 13.51%, respectively. Significant differences were observed in Cd, Cu, Pb bioavailability between different soil land use types, and available Cd, Cu, Pb were the highest in the traffic land. It was also found that the bioavailability and contents of available Cd, Cu, Pb declined with the depth in soil profile. The availability concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb were influenced by the total concentration, soil pH, content of organic matter, clay, silt, sand, CEC, FeOx and MnOx, and there were the greatest positive effect for the total concentration to the availability concentration, and also organic matter had greater positive effect, while FeOx had negative effect by adsorbing ions of heavy metals.
  • 论文
    Automatic Segmentation of Loess Positive and Negative Terrains Based on High Resolution Grid DEMs
    ZHOU Yi, TANG Guo-an, WANG Chun, XIAO Chen-chao, DONG You-fu, SUN Jing-lu
    2010, 30(2): 261-266. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.261
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    China Loess Plateau is world-wide famous for its peculiar and unique landscape, in which the loess shoulder-lines zigzag on the surface making a distinct separation between loess positive terrain and the negative one. The automatic segmentation of loess positive and negative terrains (P-N terrains)with precise location and high efficiency, which is a crucial technique in constructing the mechanism-process models of loess landform drainage systems, is still need to be further improved. Nowadays, with the increasing availability of digital topographic data, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM)can now be applied to better description of natural topography, and it is also regarded as the most proper data source for automatic extraction of loess positive and negative terrains. In this paper, the conformation and flow confluence characteristic of the hill-slope in representative loess landforms is discussed. Based on this, an auto-segmentation method of P-N terrains from 5 m resolution DEMs is proposed. There are three key procedures in the operation. The first step is the identification of grid points on the shoulder-line position by considering the slope difference up and down. Slope gradient 30°,25°and 20°are used as the thresholds in loess platform area, loess ridge-hill area and loess hill area respectively in the extraction model. The second stage is to expand shoulder-lines’candidate cells directionally by considering the spatial direction of the local hill slope aspect and the trend of the shoulder-lines. This step is helpful for deriving more consecutive and detailed shoulder-lines on DEMs. The third step is the generation of positive terrain which can be regarded as the extraction of the upstream area of the shoulder-line points by using the hydrologic analysis model. All the shoulder-lines’cells derived above are imported into the model as the pour point data. This is an alternative method for evading the difficulty of converting shoulder-line grid cells into consecutive vector lines. Validation tests are took out by contrasting the auto-extraction results from DEMs and the delineating results from 1 m resolution DOMs in six drainages. Results show that maximum area difference between the positive terrain area derived above and actural area is 1.15 km2, and the percentage of the cells distance offset values less than 10 m exceed 95%. So the main advantages of this approach are high accuracy, lower demands on manual intervention and ready availability of required data for many regions on the Loess Plateau. The morphology of the earth surface is the interactional production of the hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere and the biosphere, thus the morphology is the external representation, and the interaction process is the inner dynamical force. The extraction of the topographic feature lines not only need considering the characteristic of the terrain morphology, but also need considering the inner mechanism of land surface process.
  • 论文
    Distribution and Compositions of Loess Sediments in Yili Basin, Central Asia
    SONG You-gui, SHI Zheng-tao
    2010, 30(2): 267-272. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.267
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    The loess record of Central Asia provides an important archive of regional climate and environmental change. However, in contrast to the intensively investigated loess deposits in the Chinese Loess Plateau, Central Asian loess sediments are still insufficiently known and poorly understood. Based on satellite and topography, coupling with previous literature and field investigation, the authors investigate the distribution of loess sediments in the Yili Basin, central Asia. In order to identify the physical, chemical and mineral compositions, the authors carried out grain-size, geochemical and mineralogical analyses on collected surface soil and loess samples. Grain size measurements reveal that the loess in Yili Basin is dominated by silt and have minor sand, which is coarser than that of the Chinese Loess Plateau, indicating a close source. The mineral components of loess in this region are dominated by quartz, feldspar and carbonate with minor chlorite and muscovite. Geochemistry of loess in the Yili Basin are characterized by high contents of SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO, and by minor Fe2O3, MgO, K2O and Na2O. In contrast to the Chinese Loess Plateau, the loess in Yili Basin is rich Na2O and CaO, which indicates that loess in Yili Basin originated from a relative dry-clod and weak chemical weathering environment.
  • 论文
    Crops Water Supply and Agro-drought Disaster in Leizhou Peninsula
    LIU Hui-ping, LIANG Hong-mei, MIAO Hui-qiang, FAN Jiu-sheng
    2010, 30(2): 273-277. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.273
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    The agro-drought disaster takes place frequently and is very serious in Leizhou Peninsula. Inadequate water supply of crops is one of the most important factors. Integral humidity indexIis used to analyze crop water supply. The results reveal the agro-drought regulations of spatial and temporal distribution in the Peninsula. From 1962 to 2007, the frequency of agro-drought disasters over middle level (I< 0.6)reached 67.40% and they were particularly obvious in the northern and southern parts. The highest frequency was in Xuwen County, the lower in Zhanjiang City;it was as high as 95.65% in winter and causes very serious disaster from winter to spring.
  • 论文
    Surface Air Temperature Change of Last 100 Years over Wuhan Region
    REN Yong-jian, CHEN Zheng-hong, XIAO Ying, SUN Jie, SUN Shan-lei, LAI An-wei
    2010, 30(2): 278-282. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.278
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    Taking into account the non-uniformity of the temperature sequence, the annual and seasonal temperature series over Wuhan region during 1905-2005 were established through a reasonable interpolation. The results showed that annual mean temperature and annual mean minimum temperature had showed an upward trend with rates of 0.014℃/10a and 0.026℃/10a since 1905, whereas the annual mean maximum temperature was a weak downward trend with a rate of -0.003℃/10a.All these indicated that a warming trend over Wuhan region was more visible at night, yet little during daytime, and that the annual mean maximum temperature and mean minimum temperature had showed an asymmetric trend. The annual mean temperature and the annual mean maximum temperature had two warm times, which were 1920s-1940s and 1990s up to the present. The summer and autumn temperature were higher during the first warm period, but the winter and spring were not obvious, moreover high temperature occurred in daytime. The four-season temperature was higher during the second period, the winter and spring were most obvious, but the summer was weak, moreover warm at night.
  • 论文
    Spatial Variability Characteristics of Soil Heavy Metals due to Industry Development of Typical Regions in Changjiang River Delta of China
    CAO Wei, ZHOU Sheng-lu, WANG Guo-liang, SUN Bo
    2010, 30(2): 283-289. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.283
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    The main objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability characteristics of soil heavy metals due to industry development of Yixing, an area with intensive industrialization in the Changjiang (Yangtze)River Delta of China. To do that, concentrations of heavy metals in soils with different distances from solid-, liquid-and gas point sources and non-point sources were measured. The results show that 1)different point sources can induce the strong enrichment of different heavy metal elements in soil and the concentration around solid point source is the highest, followed by liquid, and gas is relatively low. Concentrations of heavy metals in soils are significantly decreased with distance. And affected by the prevailing wind, the influenced area due to gas point source is the largest, followed by solid, and liquid is relatively small;2)compared with point source, the enrichment of heavy metals in soils around non-point source in industrial town is relatively weak, but its element types are complex. There are no significant changes of concentrations of heavy metals in soils with distance, but the influenced area is larger;and 3)affected not only by the prevailing wind direction, but also by industry layout, concentrations of soil heavy metals due to non-point source are of difference in different directions around industrial town. Due to the complexity of the enrichment element’s types of soil heavy metals and their combined effect in non-point source, the spatial variability is more complex. It means that taking effective measures to control non-point source is especially difficult.
  • 论文
    Land Use Quantitative Structure Optimization Based on NSGA-Ⅱ—A Case Study of Dinghai District in Zhoushan City
    WANG Shi-zhong, LIU Wei-dong, CAO Zhen-yu
    2010, 30(2): 290-294. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.290
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    The optimization of land use quantitative structure is a typical problem of multi-objective optimization, and is also the main problem of land use plan. An optimization model of land use quantitative structure based on NSGA-Ⅱ was set up in this paper through the introduction of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with the elite strategy. On the basis of referring to NSGA-Ⅱ source code offered by the Kanpur hereditary algorithm laboratory,and carrying on the secondary development of the procedure by using C/C++ language,a series of Pareto solutions were obtained and Pareto solution set was constructed. Finally,weights were used to express decision-making wills approximately,and comprehensive benefit value was calculated to realize decision-making under all kinds of wills. The result indicates that the model can solve the problem of land use quantitative structure optimization effectively.
  • 论文
    Multi-scale Analysis of Northern Hemisphere Temperature Changes over Past Two Millennia
    YANG Zhou, LIN Zhen-shan
    2010, 30(2): 295-299. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.295
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    The cyclical climate change and its relationship with solar activity are the hot spot in the international research of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment in recent years. By multi-scale analysis of Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction over the past two millennia, the results were found as follows:(1)Seven different time scales of quasi cycles of 6 yr, 11 yr, 21 yr, 43 yr, 86 yr, 247 yr and 914 yr were evidently discovered. And then interannual variability. Interdecadal climate oscillation and the millennium cycles were mainly fluctuation periods. The climate changes at both the centennial scales and the decadal scales were driven by solar activity. (2)The oscillation amplitude was small in MWP of the Northern Hemisphere, but in LIA the amplitude was relatively larger. The coldest period in the Northern Hemisphere was between 1400 A.D. and 1800 A.D. (3)In the next few decades, the natural fluctuations of Northern Hemisphere temperature will greatly reduce the global warming effect caused by human activities.
  • 论文
    The Process of Geographical Spread and Matsu Belief and It's Driving Forces in Song Dynasty
    ZHENG Heng-mi
    2010, 30(2): 300-305. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.300
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    The relationship between the geo-spatial distribution and diffusion of Matsu belief and the people who belong to different faith groups in Song Dynasty was analyzed in the paper and the view was pointed out that one path of belief’s spread was beginning from lower rank, then diffusing to higher ones and belif spread in different ways based on diverse behaviors and multiple activity spaces of those belonging to various faith groups and finally formed different geographical spatial distribution. Song Dynasty was the early stagement of the Matsu belief’s development. Several different groups, fisherman, seafarer and local official, joined one after another in the process of Matsu belief’s geographical expansion, which made the belief spread among ranks little by little. Different faith groups caused the geographical spread in different ways. For example, fishermen made Mutsu belief expand in an short-distance and maritime seafarers brought a long-distance migrating spread while local officials influence the spread of belief both in the way of fishermen and maritime seafarers.Different faith groups formed different geographical distribution situation. Fishermen resulted in the small-scale belief distribution along coast and the seamen formed market towns and maritime ports belief distribution mode, while local officials promoted the belief to spread towards the political center. Those different spreading modes and distribution were closely related with different groups’activities and their geographical situations. Geographic units and dialects were the most two important barriers to the belif’s distribution scale and space.Furthermore, belief also spread among people with different ranks from the fishmen to rich seafarers, even to the higher political status such as gentry and courtiers class. Geographical space spread with different ranks simultaneously. The claim of the gentry and official for the social and political status turned the geographic characters of spread of Matsu belief to political center. After the deification of Matsu by government, the spread mode had changed fundamentally. The power of empire promoted the belief to diffuse to the districts which have more diversit in culture. The proliferation in geographical space and social rank interacted each other.As a particular culture phenomenon, the formation and development of Matsu belief is the result of the interaction by the concrete social situation (the condition and criteria of belief in the mainstream), geography situation (geographic environment and relationship between environment and people)and community (faith groups that had the same or similar spirit requirement ). Foundation of Matsu belief is the particular spirits (such as sail protection of Matsu)and Matsu belief connects the faith groups which have the same needs of belief, such as the fisher, sailing, trader in sea, gentleman nearby sea, (they lived by sea and all wanted food, wealth from the sea, prayed safety from Matsu), and local officials who use the belief to achieve their political goals. Matsu belief occupies the geographical space by those faith groups and fits the need of society, which forms a complete historic culture and geography process.
  • 论文
    Analysis of the Evolution of Tourism Land in Zhuhai
    ZHAO Ying-xue
    2010, 30(2): 306-312. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.306
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    ArcGIS technology was used to obtain the distribution map of land for tourism in Zhuhai in 1996 and 2007. Dynamic degree model and Markov model were applied to quantitatively analyze the quantity, origin, type, structure and spatial distribution evolution characteristics, as well as the reason and change tendency of the Zhuhai's land for tourism from 1996 to 2007. Conclusion was drawn as follows:①Under the theme of ecological and leisure tourism development in recent years, the scale of the Zhuhai's landuse for tourism grew rapidly in quantity;the rate of increment and the dynamic degree of the type of eco-tourism land were the biggest, which was far bigger than other types;the growth of land types for tourism decreased progressively in turn from the eco-tourism land, the resort, the theme park, the cultural landscape to the recreational garden . The scale of each land type for tourism in Xiangzhou district grew obviously, the overall dynamic degree in Jingwan district was the biggest. ②The forest land was the important source of the Zhuhai's land growth for tourism.The probability of originating from the farmland to tourism land of each district was small.The origin types of tourism land in various districts was closely related with their natural conditions and economic development. The resort transformed from forest land and construction land primarily. The cultural landscape and the theme park transformed from construction land . The eco-tourism land transformed mainly from forest land. ③ The main type of the increasing tourism land in Zhuhai was eco-park. The space shape evolution of tourism land presented the "十" shape, and mainly concentrated in the eastern mountains and islands of Zhuhai. Because of different resources condition and tourists market's attraction, each type of tourism land evolution shape was different from each other:the space evolution of the resort type was "U"-shape expansion along the west coast;the space evolution of the theme park and entertainment land presented the "L" -shape expansion. Because cultural landscape of Zhuhai lacked attraction, this kind of tourism land increased few and the shape showed scattered punctuate. As the tourist destination of garden recreational are mainly the local tourist, there was no increase in recent 11 years. ④Because the eco-tourism land of the forest park increased most obviously, the type and structure change of the forest land was most prominent. Land-use change trends of tourism land in Zhuhai were as follows:land for tourism area will increase, the growth scale of eco-tourism land will still be the biggest, the growth of tourism land in Xiangzhou district will be the most obvious, the tourism land origin in the future is mainly from Wanshan islands' shrub land and bare land, tourism land will be mainly extended to "two areas and a belt":eastern island of eco-tourism area, western leisure and tourism area, north of greenland and wetland ecotourism belt. The proportion of tourist facilities will continue to increase.
  • 论文
    Research on Segmentation of Shopping Tourists—A Case Study of Domestic Tourists of Huangshan
    WANG Rui, SU Qin
    2010, 30(2): 313-319. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2010.02.313
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    Tourism shoppers’preferences, involvement and segmentation were investigated based on the results of a questionnaire survey in Huangshan. Some mathematic methods, including principal component analysis and cluster analysis, were used in the research. The tourism shoppers were segmented into three distinctive types of "shopping enthusiast pursuing practical items", "shopping lover pursuing relaxation" and "indifferent shopper enjoying culture feature" according to their preferences for commodity characters and involvement levels. Furthermore, different features of shopping behavior were compared among these groups. And a Chi-square analysis was conducted to make sure that whether there are significant discrepancies among the three types in their demographic characters.