Under the new stage of urban development in China, city health examination evaluation is an important innovation in urban planning, construction and management. Not only is it an important way to promote the systematic, accurate and scientific construction of urban living environment, but also it’s an important starting point to build a healthier, safer and more livable city and provide high-quality living environment for the people. This article analyzes the theoretical basis of city health examination evaluation from the perspectives of the systematic thinking of geography, the scale economy of economics, the matching of density and space in urban planning, and the livability of cities, and puts forward the basic guidelines of city health examination evaluation. On this basis, the index design, data collection, evaluation and analysis methods and the overall technical process of city health examination evaluation are systematically constructed. And taking the dimension of convenient transportation as an example, this article makes a brief analysis of 36 pilot cities. In order to promote the high-quality development of human settlements in China, it is necessary to establish a theoretical framework and method system, and form a comprehensive and systematic evaluation system, scientific data collection means, analysis and simulation methods, diagnosis and feedback mechanism.
City health examination is an important policy tool to promote the improvement of spatial governance system and governance capacity. It will help to implement national development strategy, improve the level of comprehensive urban governance, and effectively respond to the needs of people’s better life. This article summarizes the experience of Beijing, holds that city health examination provides a new way of response to the improvement of spatial governance from 3 dimensions: pattern, method and technology. Pattern dimension, focusing on the establishment of regulations, has formed a closed-loop work system, a working mode contains self-evaluation, third-party-evaluation and public participation, an normalized data acquisition system, which strengthens the seriousness and authority of health examination evaluation. Methodology dimension, the research system focuses on index, task and different important issues, which is connected with the overall planning implementation mechanism process. Technology dimension, with the actively use of a multi-dimensional, multi-level, all-factor, multi-agent, speculative and verifiable diagnostic ideas, Beijing’s work constantly deepens the key technologies of city health examination. In order to optimize spatial governance, we should continuously improve the city health examination practice, including continuously strengthening its ability in institutionalization, simplification, standardization and automation. First, we should continuously improve multidimensional data acquisition and monitoring. On the basis of continuing the collection of 117 core indicators in the master plan, the evaluation should meet the requirements of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development for city health examination, and integrate the relevant index system into the platform. Second, we should further focus on key issues and annual key variables in urban development. “Annual health examination and five-year evaluation” has established the periodicity of work, focusing on different work priorities and forming an organic combination. Third, we should improve the intelligent analysis platform of city health examination. Focusing on the needs of supporting the whole cycle of city health examination in Beijing, an analysis platform with multi-dimensional monitoring, automatic operation and decision-making needs has been established. In the next step, we should continue to improve the construction and application of the platform, and promote more accurate response of the platform and decision-making needs.
In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to city health examination. Beijing has taken the lead in establishing city health examination evaluation mechanism of “one health examination every year and one evaluation every five years” in China. Beijing has completed annual city health examination in 2017, 2018 and 2019, and is carrying out the first round of five-year evaluation. The health examination of urban position is not only the focus but also the difficulty of city health examination. At present, there are rare researches on it. On the basis of reviewing the practice and research progress of health examination evaluation in urban planning at home and abroad, and summarizing the mechanism of city health examination evaluation in Beijing, this article established the framework of city health examination evaluation of the “four centers” construction in Beijing, and selected suitable indicators from the perspective of international comparison to conduct it with combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results showed that: 1) Beijing’s service guarantee ability of national political center had been significantly improved, and the image of a big country’s capital had been displayed; 2) The status of the national cultural center had been further strengthened, but there was a gap in the supply capacity of public cultural services among Beijing and other world-famous cities, and there was lack of cultural brands with international influence; 3) The international communication environment and supporting service level had been continuously improved, however the scale and influence of international organizations did not match the capital status of a big country, and the attraction for international tourists was not strong; 4) Beijing had initially built a science and technology innovation center with global influence, but its ability to support high-quality development needed to be enhanced. In the future, Beijing should adhere to the development of the capital as the guide, vigorously strengthen the functional construction of “four centers” and improve the level of “four services”, enhance its position in the global urban system and expand Beijing’s influence in the world as the capital of a big country. It is necessary to pay attention to the city health examination of urban position, strengthen the communication and cooperation among all participants, broaden the international vision of health examination evaluation and dynamically adjust the evaluation index of health examination, explore the application of high frequency spatiotemporal data analysis technology.
As a new form of urban governance, city health examination is a product of the spatial and temporal evolution of social conflicts in an open and complex system. It uses the technical method of ‘problem diagnosis’ to evaluate and dynamically monitor the current state of urban development, and has become a grip for China’s urban planning and construction management and a platform for mobilizing public participation in urban construction. At present, the research and practice related to city health examination is still weak, and there are still problems such as inadequate understanding of the connotation, insufficient social participation, unstable indicator system, inaccurate problem diagnosis, lack of in-depth problem management and imperfect long-term mechanism. In response to these problems, this article examines new mechanisms and ways to achieve urban governance, starting from governance relationships, governance systems and governance techniques, and taking Guangzhou as a case study. It first explores a new model of city health examination governance, and specifies a standardized organizational model of city health examination that covers the vertical transmission and horizontal linkage of administrative bodies at 4 levels: ‘city→district→town/street→community’. Based on this organizational model, this article constructs a governance framework in which administrative forces lead, social forces participate, and urban self-governance forces are stimulated. Secondly, this article proposes a four-step process of ‘indicator design→consultation→selection of indicators→confirmation of indicators’ to improve the city health examination indicator system, and proposes a standardized and modularized approach to data collection. In particular, the evaluation of indicators in the city health examination should adhere to the principles of multidimensionality, variability and the combination of quantitative and qualitative aspects, and use the six-dimensional analysis method as the basis for identifying and diagnosing urban problems. On the premise of scientifically and reasonably classifying the types of urban problems, the city health examination can help to prescribe the right remedy for urban problems and apply precise measures. In addition, the public participation process of the city health examination needs to fully reflect the citizens’ right to information, participation and supervision. This is demonstrated by the need for the city government to build a regular, shared governance platform with in-depth citizen participation; the need for problem-oriented, collaborative, full-cycle systemic governance by various departments; and the promotion of a regular working mechanism for the whole society to build and share common governance. Overall, the city check-up thus reflects a high degree of consensus on governance goals, efficient and interactive governance, and optimal system construction and use capabilities, and is an important sign of modernized governance capacity.
In recent years, urban construction in China has gradually changed from “production-centered” to “people’s life-centered”. How to enhance the people’s sense of acquisition has become the goal of urban improvement. Therefore, the Beijing government and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development have introduced social satisfaction surveys into their city health examination work, which use the subjective satisfaction of residents as a measurement scale, and is complementary to the traditional single perspective evaluation, so as to improve the regional environment and the people’s livelihood. This article reviews the concept and connotation of subjective satisfaction, summarizes the research progress of subjective satisfaction surveys in the field of urban researches. And on that basis, it introduces the implementation schemes and major conclusions of the city health examination work carried by the Beijing government and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development separately. Finally, it summarizes the characteristics of social satisfaction survey, and puts forward its research prospects. The results point out that subjective satisfaction is extensively used in geography and urban planning to measure residents’ subjective perception to the various aspects of the residential environment. It is mainly used to assess the quality of the regional environment, evaluate the implementation effects of planning projects, and calculate the suitable environmental indicators and their parameters. The subjective satisfaction index system in city health examination always corresponds to the objective evaluation index system, and follows the principle of combining comprehensiveness and hierarchy. The survey method can be conducted online or offline according to the actual situation. According to the results of case analysis, the subjective satisfaction data are more vivid than the objective data, which can be more accurately reflect the value judgment and willing of different groups on urban development, and show that people really cares. In the analysis, it is matched with the attributes and characteristics of different groups, so that the main demands of different groups can be deeply explored. The addition of subjective satisfaction data enables the whole project to set indicators and determine evaluation levels more flexibly according to the evaluation objects. In addition, it is easier to find the differences among groups, as well as existing problems and deficiencies. The difficulty of its application is the high cost of carrying out, and it is difficult to track the same group of people and make historical comparisons. Furthermore, it is also difficult to interpret the results of satisfaction surveys and extract policy recommendations from them. In the future, a normalized social satisfaction survey work mechanism should be established in city health examination. It should promote the integration of subjective satisfaction data with objective data, 12345 hotline data and other multi-source data, subjectively and objectively corroborating each other to guide urban planning and management, so as to improve the level of refinement of urban construction.
Regional economic resilience provides a new perspective and framework for analyzing the process and law of economic transformation of old industrial bases. The paper analyzes the economic transformation process of Liaoning old industrial base from 2003 to 2018 by constructing the economic transformation analysis framework from the perspective of regional economic resilience, and discusses the evolution process and stage characteristics of Liaoning’s economic transformation. The results show that: 1) The effect of Liaoning’s economic transformation showed an upward trend of fluctuations, with the highest level of pressure resistance but a downward trend, and the lowest level of breakthrough potential. 2) The process of Liaoning’s economic transformation shows cyclical characteristics. It is currently in the reorganization-development period, and the next stage will enter the maintenance-release period. 3) The pressure resistance level of the Liaoning old industrial base has obvious spatial differentiation between the east and the west. The dynamic adaptation level has obvious agglomeration characteristics in central area, and the eastern region has a low level of potential breakthrough. 4) The Liaoning’s economic transformation effect presents a spatial pattern of high in the middle and low on both sides, and regions with similar effects of economic transformation are clustered significantly. According to the law and characteristics of the old industrial bases economic transformation, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the future transformation and development.
The Yellow River Basin is an important ecological barrier and an important economic zone in China, with a good industrial base and huge market potential. Taking the urban agglomeration in the Yellow River Basin as the research space unit, the article identified the connotation of high-quality development of the industry in the basin through literature review, so as to build an index system of industrial high-quality development, and analyzed the spatio-temporal process of industrial high-quality development in the urban agglomeration in the Yellow River Basin. Research shows that: 1) the overall level of industrial high-quality development of urban agglomeration in the Yellow River basin is rising, and presents obvious spatial differentiation characteristics. The closer it is to the downstream, the higher the index of high-quality industrial development will be. 2) The development indexes of each industrial dimension shows different spatial characteristics. In terms of industrial vitality and innovation efficiency, there are obvious differences between upper, middle and lower reaches. There are different industrial structural problems for different urban agglomerations. The industrial spatial connection of urban agglomeration in the upper and middle reaches is insufficient, and the gap with the middle and lower reaches urban agglomeration is expanding. The pressure of ecological environment brought by industrial development of various urban agglomerations tends to aggravate, and the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin has become the high value area of environmental pollution. There are greatly different in the comprehensive level of high-quality industrial development and the sub-index of various dimensions in all urban agglomerations in the Yellow River Basin. These differences are formed under the comprehensive role of different location conditions and historical bases, urban agglomeration spatial structure, industrial structure, industrial spatial connection pattern, and national and local industrial policies.
Promoting the migrant integration is an effective way to realize people-oriented urbanization. Using the data of 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, the index system of migrant integration is constructed. The spatial differences and influencing factors of migrant integration of 289 cities in China are analyzed by using the methods of exploratory spatial data analysis and Random Forest Model. The results show that: 1) The overall level of migrant integration is low, and the zonal spatial distribution characteristics are not obvious. The level of migrant integration in mega- and super-cities is mainly at a low and medium level, and the that in provincial capitals and municipalities is mainly at a low and medium level respectively, and most of the remaining cities are at a medium level. The spatial distribution pattern is characterized by decreasing circle around the peak center and increasing circle around the low center. 2) The random forest model has higher fitting degree and regression precision than the multiple linear regression, and it is more suitable for the analysis of the non-linear mechanism of migrant integration. 3) According to the importance of factors influencing migrant integration, the top six important influencing factors are: migrants’ individual education level, whether the family members migrate with migrants, the economic structure of the receiving city, the type of household registration of migrants, the public facilities of the receiving city and migrants’ residence time in the receiving city. These six factors have complex and nonlinear effects on migrant integration. 4) It is necessary to take targeted strategies from migrants and receiving cities according to the importance and effects of influence factors.
This article proposes a theoretical framework composed of the effects of localization, urbanization and globalization to explain the evolution of regional manufacturing agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta region. Further, based on the micro firm-level data from industrial enterprise database in China, using regional manufacturing agglomeration index as a measure index, this paper first described the spatial characters of manufacturing at the county level in the Yangtze River Delta region from 2000 to 2013, and then using the panel data model to measure the effects of localization, urbanization and globalization on manufacturing industry agglomeration. The results are as follows. Firstly, the manufacturing industry is highly concentrated at the region of South Jiangsu, Shanghai and Hangzhou-Shaoxing-Ningbo and changes little over time, and the manufacturing industry status in the north of Jiangsu and south west of Zhejiang has been improved. Secondly, the variables of wage and industrial development zones have a significant positive effect on the manufacturing agglomeration, while the variable of land price has a significant negative effect, and the effect of market and transportation are inconclusive. The urbanization factors, such as city size, urbanization rate, migration and urban manufacturing diversification, all show significant positive promoting effects, indicating that the urbanization will promote the level of manufacturing agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta region. Globalization shows different directions, which FDI has a significant negative impact on the manufacturing agglomeration, and the variable of foreign capital is also negative, indicating that foreign investment is not conducive to the improvement of the manufacturing agglomeration level. Exports show a positive effect, but it is inconclusive.
The shipping service industry is not only the focus for Shanghai to build an international shipping center, but also an important industry to participate in the global city competition. Based on the data of shipping service enterprises (organization) in 1992, 2005 and 2019, this paper studies the spatial distribution and functional evolution of shipping service industry by means of weighted Kernel density analysis, nearest neighbor index and keyword co-occurance analysis. The results show that the distribution mode of the shipping service industry in Shanghai tends to aggregate as whole. The evolution of the spatial distribution has changed from the contiguous distribution along the urban rivers to the multi location and multi-core of industrial parks, ports and urban CBD. From the perspective of the functional evolution of shipping service industry, the composition of important function units is stable, and warehousing has occupied the first place. Emerging function units switch frequently, the burst strength of container transportation, e-commerce and ship techniques are high. At present, seven function unit clusters have formed, which are climbing along the value chain. Traditional port and shipping industry, financial industry and information industry are the key hub industries to connect clusters. Function diversification has a heterogeneous demand for resource bundles, and the spatial distribution of resources is not balanced. The dynamic adjustment and matching of the both is the fundamental reason for the formation of spatial distribution and functional evolution.
Taking carsharing in Beijing city as an example, we describe temporal characteristics through the coefficient of variation, characterize the spatial pattern using Moran’s I index and Getis G index, and reflect the temporal and spatial evolution through standard deviation ellipse and nuclear density analysis. On this basis, from the two dimensions of supply and demand, we selected five factors: Parking lot number, market evaluation, residence, employment activities, leisure and recreational activities, a total of 14 proxy variables, and detected the formation mechanism of space-time pattern of carsharing. The results show that: First, the distribution of carsharing has significant spatial-temporal heterogeneity, and the agglomeration centers can be divided into three types: Morning and evening gathering, daytime gathering, and even gathering. Second, the main factor of carsharing distribution is travel demand, among which leisure and entertainment places are the most important. Therefore, the government should improve the strategic position of carsharing, encourage the expansion of its scale, and distribute resources in daytime aggregation centers, leisure and entertainment places and residential areas, so as to promote the healthy development of shared transportation and provide new impetus for urban development.
The human-economic geography attaches great importance to the study of the location law of geographical things, and the classical location theory has shifted from industrial location to urban location, and finally to the location of innovation activities. However, People are the main body of innovation, and the research on the location of innovative talents is one of the hotspots and difficulties in the field of geography, regional science and economics, the efficiency of the flow of innovative talents and the degree of their spatial agglomeration have become important indicators to measure the global competitiveness of a country or region. To this end, this study systematically sorts out the multi-scale location selection of innovative talents and their spatial agglomeration literature in urban agglomeration, summarizes the classification of innovative talents and the theoretical targets of their heterogeneous location selection, explores the flow of global talents and full picture of urban agglomeration, and analyses the logic related to the flow of innovative talents, location selection and sustainable development of urban agglomerations, and builds an exploratory framework for the location selection and spatial agglomeration analysis of innovative talents in urban agglomerations. It reveals the influence mechanism of the location selection of innovative talents and their spatial agglomeration, and then puts forward the research prospect of innovative talents aggregation in urban agglomeration under the background of deepening division of labor and heterogeneity of talents and attempts to provide reference for China's talents policy practice.
Community space evolution is one of the hot topics in academic circles in recent years. In this artical, we studied the space dynamic evolution characteristics of ecological immigrant communities and influencing factors in Minning town, Ningxia by using the principle of community social dynamic evolution Clique Percolation Method, and using superposition method, questionnaire method and interview method. The results show that: 1) The main types of spatial evolution events of ecological immigrant communities are merging, growing, continuing and forming. The influencing factors include policy, natural environment, industrial development and geographical relationship. 2) The evolution characteristics are that the community space changes from scattered to concentrated, and that the spatial form changes from irregular patches to regular geometric figures. The evolution process of the community space is in a state of positive evolution and conforms to the characteristics of Chinese national distribution. 3) It indicates that the spatial evolution of ecological migration community is gradually rationalized, which is conducive to management, infrastructure construction and resource allocation. The support of national policy can make the development of ecological immigrant community more vitality and attract more immigrants. It is of great significance to the construction and development of ecological immigrant communities.
The perception of cultural consumers is intermingled with the cultural nature of performance space, in which process the intrinsic perception structure and model of cultural consumers are of great academic value. Taking Huangmei Opera Hall and Zaifen Huangmei Mansion as examples in Anqing City, Anhui Province, the transformation interpretations are conducted in terms of the perceptual evaluation, hierarchical treatment and value orientation on the part of cultural consumers for the spatial attributes of Huangmei Opera, within the Means-end Chain theory framework. It is found that new combinations and reconstructions of the spatial attributes of various hierarchies are realized in the perceptions and experiences of consumers, in which process three models to their shapes, respectively based on stage performance contents, cultural presentation forms and performance atmosphere. Stage performance contents are composed of quality and cast of the program as well as program scheduling, and costumes and makeups, which are vital to the entertainment and amusement on the part of cultural consumers. Huangmei Opera culture is manifested through opera shows and singing styles as well as the material entities of the performance space, so as to satisfy consumers’ needs for authenticity and learning experience. The spatial performance atmosphere manifests itself in the layout design, performance atmosphere and cultural consumers. The management has endowed the space with entertaining and socializing functions by means of internal layout design so as to gain the functional recognition of the material environments from the consumers, who are then immersed in the performance atmosphere, during which the consumers with the same motivations and value pursuits will correlate with each other through identity recognition, thus their life and interpersonal relations are improved and enriched. In accordance with the psychological structure and path of consumers’ perception, the performance space of Huangmei Opera is constructed as entertaining, emotional and socializing space respectively by consumers, highlighting the diversified significance and value of the performance space as a result. Huangmei Opera, a heritage of performing art, is perceived and interpreted differently by consumers in line with their unique cultural backgrounds and experiences in the surroundings. The hierarchical transformations of spatial perception exhibits how the attributes hierarchy relates to consequences and values, which contributes to the further understanding of psychological process in perception deconstruction. The spatial perception is a meaning-generating process, manifesting the expectations and values of cultural consumers, in which process the spatial perception is transformed into values meaningful to individuals. The Means-end chain theory contributes to the exploration of how attributes, consequences and values relate to one another, revealing how specific attributes lead to abstract value goals by means of cognitive thinking through which a better understanding of the complex psychological structures of cultural consumers can be gained.
With the rapid development of global urbanization, the further increased global warming and extreme high temperature events, urban heat island effect has also become an important environmental problem affecting human survival and development in the 21st century. Therefore, it is a hot and frontier cross-scientific issue in the study of human geography and climatology to clarify the spatio-temporal variations of urban heat island intensity and reveal the driving mechanism at multi-spatial scales. Urban geometry is regarded as a key factor affecting urban-rural and intra-urban air temperature variations, and the urban form manipulation provides an opportunity to mitigate the adverse effects on urban climate. Therefore, it is critical to understand the relationship between urban form and the UHI effect to guide future planning practice. This paper systematically reviews and summarizes the multi-scale affecting and coupling mechanism of urban spatial morphology on urban heat island intensity from three different spatial scale perspectives including street canyons microscale, urban block local scale, and urban macroscale. Based on the understanding of the spatial distribution and temporal evolution characteristics of urban spatial morphology on urban heat island intensity, we will characterize the specific effects of urban spatial morphology on urban heat island intensity and construct the spatial relationship analysis model to reveal the affecting mechanism of urban spatial morphology on urban heat island intensity at different temporal and spatial scales. Our knowledge and insights will provide theoretical guidance for urban planning, livable city construction and climate change response and adaptation study.
Using the hourly national rain-gauge datasets over China, based on the weather conditions affecting the operation of high-speed railway, the risk of rainstorm to the operation of high-speed railway in China (excluding data of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) is analyzed. Rainstorms that have adversely affected high-speed rail operations occur over a wide range of areas over China concentrating in the central and eastern China and the northeastern China, which highly overlaps the current high-speed railway network, thus leads to a high risk to its operation. From May to October, the average frequency of rainstorm which has negative impact on the high-speed railway gradually decreases from south to north or to west. It occurs frequently in South China, with 5 hours in each year in general and more than 10 hours in each year in southeast coastal and Hainan areas. The unfavorable operating conditions mainly occur in July, and the influencing domain of unfavorable weather conditions for high-speed railway operation is consistent with the prevailing movement of rain belt in China as well as the typhoon activity. In terms of diurnal variation, rainstorms with negative impacts on high-speed railway are frequent in the early morning and early evening, with the peak value at 17:00 and the widest distribution range from 14:00 to 21:00, which mainly concentrates in South China, most parts of Jiangnan, northeastern China, North China, Hainan and the western Sichuan. The unfavorable operation conditions of continuous rainstorm are common in the eastern part of China. The longest continuous adverse rainfall in history appears in the most extensive range with 3 hours. The longest continuous adverse rainfall duration is more than 6 hours in southwest Guangdong, south Guangxi and Hainan. The central and eastern parts of China are prone to medium risk in rainstorms. The eastern part of North China and most areas south of the Qinling Mountains and the lower reaches of the Yellow River are relatively high risk prone areas. Western Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and parts of the southeast coastal areas are high risk prone areas.
The Yellow River Basin plays a very important strategic role in China’s economic and social development and ecological security. Based on the air pollution data of industrial SO2 and PM2.5 in the Yellow River Basin from 2008 to 2017, this article firstly describes the spatial evolution pattern of industrial SO2 and PM2.5 and then uses the spatial panel Durbin model (SPDM) to compare and analyze the influencing factors of the two types of atmospheric pollutants from the direct and indirect effects. The results are as follows: 1) Both industrial SO2 and PM2.5 pollution have significant spatial agglomeration which shows a gradient decline trend from southeast to northwest direction. There is a significant positive spatial correlation between industrial SO2 and PM2.5 from the prefecture-level city scale while the spatial correlation of PM2.5 is stronger the that of industrial SO2. 2) The pollution of industrial SO2 and PM2.5 had been alleviated from 2008 to 2017. The average emission intensity of industrial SO2 decreased rapidly while the average PM2.5 decreased relatively slowly. PM2.5 is still the main air pollution source in the Yellow River Basin. 3) The optimization of the industrial structure (OIS), energy efficiency (EE), technological innovation (Inno), population (POP), economic development (pcGDP), and industrial scale (Ind) are the main factors affecting air pollution in the Yellow River Basin. However, the influencing factors of PM2.5 are more complex and diverse. The improvement of technological innovation and economic development will increase the emission intensity of local SO2 pollution while it can alleviate the pollution of industrial SO2 and PM2.5 in neighboring cities. The expansion of industrial scale aggravates air pollution both locally and in neighboring cities during the study period (2008-2017). Therefore, this article proposes policy recommendations from 3 aspects: improving the city’s innovation capability, accelerating the upgrading of the industrial structure and strengthening joint prevention and control.
The Qingyijiang River which rises on the Huangshan Mountain, flows northward through the northern piedmont of the Huangshan Mountain and eventually discharges into the Yangtze River at Wuhu City, Anhui Province, the eastern China. As the longest right-bank tributary of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Qingyijiang River is a typical representative of the small and medium rivers in the Eastern monsoon area of China, providing a typical case for studying the developmental history of the small and middle rivers. Based on the results of previous studies and the analyses of external environmental factors, the development causes of the Qingyijiang River and its relationship with the channelization of the Yangtze River were emphatically analyzed and discussed. The research results showed that: 1) The Kunlun-Huanghe Movement might affect the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and result in the activations of regional faults and larger regional block uplift movements on the northern piedmont of the Huangshan Mountain. This regional uplift further provided the downcutting driving force and thus drove the development of the Qingyijiang River. Therefore, the regional tectonic responses to the Kunlun-Huanghe Movement might drive the development of the Qingyijiang River; 2) The East Asian summer monsoon experienced two significant stepwise weakening events at approximately 1.3 Ma and approximately 0.9 Ma which led to the remarkable increase of regional precipitation within the study area. This increase of regional rainfall further provided the incision media and sustained water, and finally initiated the development of the Qingyijiang River. Therefore, the stepwise weakening events of the East Asian summer monsoon might control the development age of the Qingyijiang River; 3) Both the development of the Qingyijiang River and the channelization of the Yangtze River might be a combined result of the regional tectonic responses to the Kunlun-Huanghe movement and the stepwise weakening events of the East Asian summer monsoon intensity. In addition, a new local base level of erosion served by the Yangtze River after its channelization might also promote the development of the Qingyijiang River. Therefore, the development age of the Qingyijiang River which could reflect the channelization age of the Yangtze River to a certain degree supported the viewpoint that the Yangtze River had been established during the period from the late Early Pleistocene to the early Middle Pleistocene. This study provides a case and reference for the studies of the small and medium river development in the Eastern monsoon area of China.
