The aticle sets urban agglomerations which the Chinese 13th Five-year Plan outline referred to as the research objects, respectively from the economic efficiency, economic structure, economic stability, economic development potential, results distribution, resources and environment, the welfare of the people’s livelihood seven dimensions of urban agglomeration economy growth quality characterization, from growth rate of GDP and per capita GDP of two dimension depicting economic growth to build a comprehensive index system. Using the methods of entropy value method, coupling coordination model, geodetector and so on, we analyze the coupling coordination between quality and quantity of economic growth in China from 2006 to 2018 and its interaction mechanism. The results showed that: 1) As for the overall level, the coordination degree between quality and quantity of economic growth in China's urban agglomerations is low, and shows a downward trend; 2) In terms of the spatial pattern of coordination degree, the spatial pattern of the quality of economic growth with the quantity of economic growth and the speed of economic growth showed a trend of “high in the east and low in the west” and remained relatively stable, but the spatial pattern of coordination degree of the quality and scale of economic growth changed greatly; 3) In terms of coordination types, the “quantity lag” type distributed sporadically, the “scale lag” type is concentrated in the central and western regions, the “speed lag” type is expanded in the northeast, and the “quality lag” type showed diversity due to the different coordination objects; 4) The coordination among the quality of economic growth and the scale of economic growth and speed of economic growth shows a feature of not accordance; 5) The analysis of mutual coordination mechanism shows that the welfare of the people’s livelihood, economic development potential and per capita GDP have a significant and important influence on the improvement of the coordination level of economic growth quality and quantity in 19 China’s urban agglomerations; 6) It explains the key measures to be taken by different coordinated urban agglomerations, so as to help the high-quality economic development of 19 China’s urban agglomerations.
Housing vacancy is one of the key areas of urban spatial evolution and sustainable development. This study takes a typical resource-based shrinking city in China, Yichun City, as the research object, determines the laws of housing vacancy based on the perspective of residential electricity consumption. Based on the three scales of region, residential area and grid, we uses the methods of kernel density estimation, network analysis and questionnaire interview, to deeply explore the spatial-temporal differentiation and influence mechanism of housing vacancy from 2013 to 2018. The results show that: 1) The total amount of vacant housing and vacancy rate in Yichun District show a fluctuating upward trend, and are in the state of ‘basic balance of supply and demand’ under the international standard. 2) The pattern of vacant housing in Yichun District is different in different scales. However, the spatial distribution features of ‘low in the core and high in the periphery’ are generally presented at all scales. 3) Factors such as population loss, economic support, urban functional status and residents’ perceptions synergistically affect the temporal evolution of vacant housing in Yichun District, while factors such as urban spatial expansion, residential construction evolution, educational and medical facilities layout, and public transport accessibility jointly affect the spatial differentiation of vacant housing.
China’s rapid industrialization and urbanization are not necessarily accompanied by the corresponding improvement of living standards. As the largest developing country in the world, the rapid economic growth has been confronted with problems such as inadequate public services, soaring housing prices, environmental degradation and food safety, which have seriously restricted the happiness of Chinese urban residents. In recent years, PM2.5 pollution imposes serious impacts on the health and life quality of residents and restricts the improvement of urban residents’ happiness. Exploring the influential mechanism of air pollution on residents’ happiness and the economic value brought by the improvement environmental quality provide a scientific basis for the construction of livable cities in the new era. Based on the theoretical analysis framework of the impact of meso-and micro-scale air pollution on residents’ happiness and willingness to pay, we select 40 cities in China as the cases for empirical analysis. By employing the large-scale questionnaire survey data of 40 cities in 2015, this article adopts a Bayesian multi-level ordinal categorical response model to empirically explore the impact of PM2.5 pollution on residents’ subjective well-being, and evaluates residents’ willingness to pay to alleviate PM2.5 pollution by using happiness evaluation model. The empirical results are presented in the following aspects. First, PM2.5 pollution exerts a significant negative influence on residents’ subjective well-being, that is, the more serious the PM2.5 pollution is, the lower the residents’ subjective well-being. Specially, for every unit increase in the number of days of haze pollution, the subjective well-being of residents will significantly decrease by 0.040. Household monthly income has a significant positive impact on residents’ subjective well-being, meaning that the increase of household income is accompanied by the increase of residents’ happiness. For every unit increase in monthly household income, residents’ happiness will significantly increase by 0.026 percentage points. Second, willingness to pay is affected not only by household income level, but also by the air quality of the city where residents live. Third, residents in 40 cities were willing to pay 226 yuan, or 2.274 percent of their monthly income in order to improve air quality. Residents in Beijing were the most willing to pay 582 yuan to reduce PM2.5 pollution, accounting for 3.535 percent of their average monthly income. In addition, residents have the highest willingness to pay at the initial stage of reducing PM2.5 pollution and improving air quality. The conclusions of this article not only enriches the relevant research results of environmental pollution and residents’ happiness, but also provides an empirical basis for the policy making of environmental pollution improvement in Chinese cities.
Multi-airport regions are an essential driving force to boost the construction of the global city-regions. As the end-users of air transport services, passengers’ behavioral intention is the basis for coordinating and promoting the multi-airport regions’ development. Therefore, based on the PPM theory and the post evaluation of air travel, this paper uses the PLS-SEM model to investigate the relationships amongst airport service quality, flight offers, perceived airfare, and passengers’ satisfaction, as well as alternatives’ attractiveness, switching cost, and behavioral intention. Results show that airport service quality, perceived fare, and flight offers have significant positive effects on the passengers’ satisfaction and behavioral intention. In these three antecedents of satisfaction, airport service quality showed the strongest positive effects that were mainly reflected in the dimensions of mandatory process, facility and environment. The influence of flight offers was much stronger compared with the perceived fare, it may be due to the background of air traffic control in the mainland of China. Airfares of flights are mostly based on the floating range management of the government, the passengers’ perceptions of such two attributes were mainly reflected in flights, not airfares. Among the three direct influenced factors, switching cost, alternatives’ attractiveness, and satisfaction all showed significant effects, while the negative effect of alternatives’ attractiveness was relatively much weaker. It indicates that air transport service may still meet the thoughts of cost as a consumer product. Through multi-group analysis, the effect of the mandatory process on behavioral intention was higher than that of secondary airports and other airports, while the facility and environment told an opposite story. Besides, the effect of flight offers was much higher in the case of reusing other airports. The impact of switching cost on behavioral intention was significantly much weaker, which may be explained by the easy access to primary and secondary airports due to the construction of ground rapid transit networks and layout of airport city terminals. As such, airport managers should take the initiative to continuously monitor and assess the service standards, especially the mandatory process, facility and environment. As far as the primary airports are concerned, intelligent equipment can be used to improve staffing and reduce passengers’ waiting time in security inspection, check-in, luggage packing, etc. Diversified facilities, such as offices, game or conference rooms, can be provided to satisfied the work and leisure needs of various people except waiting at boarding gates, so as to enhance passengers’ feeling of security and comfort. Regarding secondary and other airports, the facility and environment should be improved as much as possible to reduce leakage. Some promotional campaigns and airport reward programs should also be used to attract newcomers and increase the switching cost of existing passengers, such as rewarding coupons, small gifts, or discount air tickets for family travel. Moreover, efficient flight arrangement is a very effective way of retaining passengers, especially when cultivating other airports of MARs. Some low-cost airlines or local government-based airlines in primary airports can be transferred to other airports with long-term partnership agreements signed by both airports and airlines. Improving the flights’ schedule of other airports can also strive for non-aviation service in primary airports, all-win may be obtained in MARs.
The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is a milestone in promoting Beijing area residents’ participation in ice and snow sports consumption. By using the methods of literature, questionnaire and mathematical statistics, it is found that the main influencing factors of Beijing residents’ participation and consumption in ice and snow sports are gender, age, distance, income level and policy dividend. Combined with the spatial distribution of ski resorts in Beijing, the influence of snow field density, regional economic level and gender on the consumption characteristics of participating in snow and ice sports is analyzed by comparing residents’ participation tendency. After factor analysis, four public factors that mainly affect residents’ participation in ice and snow sports in Beijing are summarized, which are the Ice and snow basic factor; Ice and snow movement information factor; Ice and snow movement distance factor and ice and snow movement friendship factor. Therefore, some suggestions have been proposed such as continuously improving the service quality of ice and snow sports products, consolidating the consumption base of ice and snow sports, public the encouraging ice and snow sports consumption policies , making strengthen the propaganda of ice and snow sports, improving the consumption environment of ice and snow sports, creating nice atmosphere of ice and snow sports consumption, innovating the content of ice and snow sports consumption and gradually expanding the scale of ice and snow consumption. All above suggestions are proposed in order to promote Beijing residents’ participation in ice and snow sports and drive Beijing ice and snow consumption market to develop surpassingly.
In view of the lack of comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the quality of regional human settlements from the combination of natural and human multi-dimensional factors, this paper uses remote sensing images, site monitoring, transportation network data and other multi-source data to obtain a total of 17 natural and human factors closely related to the quality of human settlements. Apply entropy method, GIS spatial analysis methods and big data processing methods to quantitatively study the spatial differentiation of Xinjiang’s human settlements quality composite index and its coordinated relationship with economic and population distribution. The results show that: 1) The quality of natural environment in Xinjiang is greatly affected by water resources and vegetation coverage. The spatial distribution characteristics of high-value areas at the regional scale are very similar to the scattered distribution of oases, and high-quality areas are concentrated in the Ili River Valley on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, and the low quality areas and the average quality areas at county scale are concentrated in the southern and eastern parts of Xinjiang. 2) The quality of human environment is greatly affected by convenient transportation and basic support. The scores of prefecture-level cities and county-level cities are higher than other county-level areas. And it basically presents a spatial differentiation law with the prefecture-level cities and county-level cities as the center and radiating outward. 3) The human settlements quality composite indexpresents a spatial differentiation law with local circle layer decreasing centering on Urumqi and Changji. There is a great difference in the average level of human settlement quality between the northwest and southeast of the Mulei-Pishan boundary. 4) The overall quality of human settlement is low, and the matching degree between population distribution and the distribution of human settlements quality composite indexis insufficient. The land area of the general quality and the low quality is as high as 84.9%, distributed 47.74% of the population. The low quality areas still have great potential to improve their quality. 5) The GDP level and the quality of human settlements maintain a high similarity. The number of counties and cities with coordinated environment and economy is relatively small, while the number of counties and cities with lagged environment and economy is the largest.Economic development and human settlement environment restrict each other, which restricts the sustainable development of Xinjiang.
Urban park green is a public service resource which integrates economic, ecological and leisure functions. The fairness of urban park green spatial layout and resource allocation are significant to the quality of routine life and environmental optimization. The central district of Wuhan is taken as the study area and residential buildings as the research unit. Based on the three travel modes of walking, bicycle and public transportation, this article measured the equity of park green in residential building from the three dimensions of quantity, quality and accessibility. The results showed that: 1) The equity distribution of urban park green in residential building varies greatly under the three modes of transportation, but the overall layout features are decreasing from the area along the river of the city center to the periphery. 2) With the upgrading of residents’ travel mode, the range of residents’ activities in the limit travel time is expanding, so the equity level of the park green space enjoyed by residents are gradually improved. 3) There is spatial mismatch between urban park green resources and population distribution. Most parks are distributed in the middle of the city, and a few are located in the north and south of the suburbs. The equity levels of park green enjoyed by residents in the northwest and southwest is poor as a whole. In the future, cities should further optimize the spatial layout and quality of urban park green, and improve the convenience of suburban traffic to promote the construction of urban ecological environment.
This paper uses data from China’s A-share listed companies and prefecture-level cities from 2008 to 2017, uses regression models to conduct empirical analysis and tests. It is found that executive compensation is significantly affected by peer compensation in neighboring regions. However, it is more determined by the company’s situation and the senior management’s own level; the size of the city is positively related to the agglomeration economy of the city. The agglomeration economy promotes the wage level of high-skilled labor and forms a wage premium. Agglomeration economies generated by different city sizes Effects are the main cause of wage premiums; there is a significant difference in the impact of different levels of city grades on executive compensation, because different cities have different levels of productivity, and large cities can provide better learning opportunities for high-skilled labor. Level and growth effects. In addition, housing prices have a positive effect on wages. The increase in per capital green space and the improvement of urban living conditions will increase wage levels. However, large cities may have positive effects on executive compensation due to factors such as high living costs and high housing prices. The relative impact is relatively weakened.
Based on the two-way interactive relationship between rural function and rural revitalization, this article establishes the logical relationship between them, which based on the spatial system of “Production-Living-Ecological Space”. It also discusses the direction of the optimization and transformation of rural function and puts forward the strategy for it. The optimization and transformation of rural functions can provide power and vitality for the strategy of rural revitalization, and the strategy implementation can provide direction and policy support for the optimization and transformation of rural function. The research shows that: 1) The optimization and transformation of production function can promote the revitalization of rural industry. The optimization of the function of living and cultural inheritance can promote the revitalization of rural culture. The reinforcement of ecological function can promote the revitalization of rural ecology. The revival of organizational function can promote the revitalization of rural organizations. While the optimization of the overall rural function needs the revitalization of rural talents. 2) Rural revitalization must optimize the spatial layout of “Production-Living-Ecological Space”. We should boast rural development according to the developing features of different types of countryside. The ultimate significance of the optimization and transformation of rural function is to achieve the “community of human and natural life” and “community of human destiny”. 3) In the process of optimizing and transforming rural function driven by new forms of rural industries, we should effectively excert the important supporting role of rural revitalization policies and rural revitalization systems to rural development.
Rural function refers to the sum of various services provided by the village to meet the various needs of rural residents, involving ecological, economic, social, cultural and other aspects. China is in a critical period of urbanization development. The expansion of urban and rural construction land has restricted rural production space, fragmented living space, and unbalanced ecological space. However, the development of economy and technology and the proposal of rural revitalization strategies have prompted the reintegration of various elements of the rural regional system. The village has entered a period of rapid transformation. Under the effects of both rural revitalization and urbanization, important changes have taken place in rural employment structure, consumption patterns, and urban-rural relations. Rural functions have gradually extended from primitive residential and agricultural production functions to industrial production functions, life support functions, and eco-tourism. Traditional agricultural areas are the main producing areas of agricultural products and agricultural and sideline products, and shoulder the important task of national food security. The occupation of cultivated land by industrialization and urbanization has affected the development of traditional agricultural areas in the country. The priority development of China’s economic efficiency has neglected the protection of rural culture and ecology, which has caused serious degradation of rural traditional functions. The village is an important bearing of the diffusion and transfer of urban functions. The analysis of the spatiotemporal evolution of rural functions and its influencing factors is of great significance for the realization of urban and rural integrated development and sustainable development. A comprehensive application of the entropy method, cold and hot spot analysis, and geo-detector methods, taking 102 counties and cities in Hunan Province as the study area, the spatial-temporal evolution, spatial differentiation, and driving forces of rural functions in Hunan Province are studied by the paper. The results show that: 1) On the whole, from 1997 to 2017, the production and living functions of rural areas in the county area showed an upward trend, while changes in rural ecological functions showed a weakening development trend. 2) From 1997 to 2017, Hunan’s rural functional hotspot area expanded from Changzhutan area to the periphery, while the cold spot area expanded first and then expanded. In these 20 years, a stable hotspot area was formed in Changzhutan area, while On the west side, a stable cold spot area is formed. 3) The spatial differentiation of rural functions in Hunan Province is the result of the combined effect of county background factors and external driving factors, and their roles are significantly different in direction and direction. The two indicators of agricultural modernization level and the main body of rural employment have a significant impact on rural functions.
The spatial gathering and diffusion of local snacks is the main content of spatial communication of catering culture, and also an important performance of population migration and regional cultural exchange. Taking the four famous local snacks in China as the analyzing examples, this paper analyzes the spatial agglomeration and diffusion pattern of local snacks based on the density, distance and weighted average center method, taking the POI of snack stores as the main data source. Then, the spatial autocorrelation, clustering, outlier analysis and hot spot analysis are used to study the spatial correlation characteristics and spatial diffusion model of local snack clusters. The results show that: 1) There are significant differences in the spatial diffusion pattern of local snacks on different scales. The eastern region and the central and western capital cities are the main gathering places of local snacks. 2) The spatial agglomeration of local snacks shows positive spatial autocorrelation. The spatial diffusion model has the characteristics of neighborhood diffusion, grade diffusion and jump diffusion. 3) There are obvious differences in the cold and hot spots of spatial diffusion of different kinds of local snacks, reflecting the differences in the scope of different snack recognition groups and the spatial differences in the eating habits of different parts of China. 4) The diffusion of food culture and population migration and diffusion have space coincidence. The areas with higher economic development level and net population inflow have stronger inclusiveness to different food culture. The areas with large population have more abundant demand for food consumption, and the distribution density of various snacks and fast food stores is higher. In the eastern coastal areas and the capital cities with large population, the proportion of floating population is relatively high. Local snacks not only maintain the livelihood of snack practitioners, but also meet the consumption needs of a large number of floating population with different eating habits.
The article conducts a research through theoretical carding, framework construction, and calculation path selection, and concludes that the contribution of ecosystems to human activities mainly comes from the ecological service function. Therefore, based on the relationship between the natural capital stock and flow, ecological services value (ESV for short) or eco-exergy services value (EEV) reflects the output capacity of ecological services. Regional ecological services value is connected to GDP through property ownership and main pressure sources. GDP or the ecological services value reflects the pressure of man-made capital on natural capital. The article attempts to use the ecological services value, eco-exergy services value, and GDP to construct the ecological service output capacity index (R) and pressure index (U), and by introducing the decoupling theory, it proposes a method to “return” the re-coupling GDP to a decoupling state and calculate the sustainable economic scale. It takes Ningdong Energy-Chemical Industry Base in Ningxia as the subject, and has three findings. Firstly, from 2007 to 2017, the economic development and ecological services were in a re-coupling state and the sustainable economic scale was 2.33×109 to 64.3×109 yuan, which was significantly lower than the total industrial output value in the corresponding year. Although the base deploys protection during construction, the R index began to decline after 2015, and there exists a risk of degradation. Secondly, the method uses the “declining turning point” of the R index to mark the bottom line, and attempts to put forward a quantitative method of regional sustainable economic scale from the perspective of the internal generation principle of the ecological contribution of capital value, which is helpful to the analysis method of reasonable population size, green GDP and ecological compensation. Thirdly, combined with the decoupling theory, the method can analyze the boundary of economic scale under regional ecological constraints, which has certain application value to enrich evaluations methods on sustainability.
The quality of textbook is very important to higher education and talent quality. The nation and authorities are paying more and more attention to the quality of higher education. Against such a background, although we know the importance of textbooks, we have not found a sound way to produce high quality textbook, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of high quality teaching, and has been criticized by teachers. On the other hand, we have limited knowledge about the development trend of textbooks around the world. Therefore, based on the new publication trends of the introductory human geography textbooks in Europe and the United States, this paper attempts to make some tentative discussion on the latter problem, in order to provide some reference for compiling qualified and contemporary introductory human geography textbooks. There are three trends of similar textbooks in Europe and the United States: One is to reconstruct on the basis of the original diversification; The second is that the concept-led textbook and teaching materials are growing; And the third is that the number of authors of the concept-led texts is increasing. These new trends give us three inspirations: First, to compile diversified introductory human geography textbooks to meet the needs of diversification; Second, to strengthen the academic and ideological nature of teaching materials; Third, to highlight the basic concepts in textbook writing, and cultivate geographical thinking.
Focusing on 12 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Gentral Government) in the western China, the article uses the SBM-Windows model with undesirable outputs to estimate the water resource utilization efficiency of the whole and different industrial sectors in the western China from 2000 to 2018, and then empirically analyzes the impact of environmental regulations on water resource use efficiency in the western China. The results show that: 1) Maintaining the existing technical level, the overall water utilization efficiency in the western region still has 33.89% improvement potential. 2) During the sample period, the water resource utilization efficiency in western China showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. There are obvious differences in the utilization efficiency of water resources among different regions and industrial sectors. Specifically, the water utilization efficiency in the southwest China is significantly higher than that in the northwestern China, and the water utilization efficiency of industrial sector is higher than that of agricultural sector. 3) Environmental regulations inhibit the improvement of water resources utilization efficiency in the western China. From the difference between industrial sectors and resource dependence degree, environmental regulation has an adverse effect on the improvement of water resource use efficiency in industrial sector, and has a significant negative impact on the improvement of water resource use efficiency in areas with high resource dependence degree.
Both of urban heat island effect and particulate pollution are hot social issues during the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Taking Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an example, the article analyzed change rules of urban heat island intensity (UHII) and aerosol optical depth (AOD), and the relationship between them based on satellite remote sensing data from 2003 to 2018. Then the change of UHII with the presence and absence of aerosols were simulated based on WRF-Chem, and the influence of aerosols on UHII in daytime was quantitatively studied. The results showed that UHII in Guangdong-Hong Kong -Macao Bay area fluctuated upwardly in the past 16 years, with the seasonal maximum in summer, and the seasonal minimum in winter. The maximum months were June and July, and the minimum month was February. The AOD fluctuated downwardly in the past 16 years, with the seasonal maximum in spring and the seasonal minimum in winter. The maximum month was April, and the minimum month was November. There was a weak positive correlation between UHII and difference of AOD between urban areas and rural areas on the interannual and seasonal scales. The simulation experiments based on WRF-Chem showed that the existence of aerosols led to the decreases of downward total radiation at ground surface and land surface temperature in urban and rural areas. Because the decrease of downward total radiation at ground surface in urban areas was more than that in rural areas, the cooling effect was greater than that in rural areas, which led to the weakening of UHII. The contribution percentage of aerosols to UHII was ?2.187%, and the absolute value of contribution percentage in winter was slightly higher than that in summer.
With the warming climate and enhancing human activities, the frequency and intensity of dry-wet abrupt alternation (DWAA) events have been increasing, largely affected on natural environment and social-economy development. Using observed daily precipitation from 1960 to 2018, this study analyzed the spatio-temporal variations of DWAA events in Southwest China by calculating Dry-Wet Abrupt Alternation Index (DWAAI) based on eco-geographical regions. The DWAA events in Southwest China exhibited an increasing trend before 2010 and decreased after 2011. The dry-to-wet events mainly concentrated in spring and summer (April to August). Meanwhile, the wet-to-dry events were primarily found in spring, summer and autumn (May to November). At seasonal scale, DWAA events mainly occurred in summer, distributed in the area of Yunnan Plateau evergreen broadleaved forest and pine forest region (VA5), Xishuangbanna mountains seasonal rainforest and rainforest region (VIIA3), and Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi low mountain and plain evergreen broadleaved forest and cultivated vegetation region (VIA2). In the area of Hunan and Guizhou mountains evergreen broadleaved forest region (VA3), and Sichuan Basin evergreen broadleaved forest and cultivated vegetation region (VA4), the DWAA events were examined in spring. Spatially, majority of DWAA events existed in the northeast of Southwest China, and the less were found in the southwest. Although frequency of DWAA events declined since 2000, the intensity of DWAA was obviously enhanced, especially in Xishuangbanna mountains seasonal rainforest and rainforest region (VIIA3), and Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi low mountain and plain evergreen broadleaved forest and cultivated vegetation region (VIA2).
