The spatial distribution and industrial characteristics of Overseas Students Pioneer Parks in China was analyzed by adopting the spatial analysis of GIS and the method of the nuclear density index, L(d) function and nearest neighbor hierarchical clustering algorithm based on data from Returned Chinese Scholars Pioneer Yearbooks from 2006 to 2015. The results show that the Overseas Students Pioneer Parks in China have significant characteristics of spatial concentration. The polycentric trend of Overseas Students Pioneer Parks in China has become increasingly obvious. The agglomeration scale has expanded rapidly and agglomeration degree has gone up first and then decreased as time went on. The Yangtze Delta Region, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the Pearl River Delta region are three important concentration areas, especially the former two. There are remarkable differences on the agglomeration degree and agglomeration scale between the above-mentioned three concentration areas. The level of agglomeration scale in the Yangtze Delta Region is the highest, while the centralization degree of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is much higher than the Yangtze Delta Region. In contrast, the level changes of agglomeration degree and agglomeration scale in the Pearl River Delta region are both very complex. It is in small scale that the Overseas Students Pioneer Parks in the Pearl River Delta region obeyed concentrated distribution, while it obeyed random distribution in large scale. The Overseas Students Pioneer Parks of different leading industries in China mainly are still mainly distributed in the Yangtze Delta Region, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the Pearl River Delta region. The difference of the spatial distribution about these leading industries with no obvious regularity is quite significant.

This article studies the relationship between urban green space accessibility and house prices in Zhongshan District, Dalian, by near analysis, geographically weighted regression model and multi-source data (e.g., house prices and green space). The results are as follows: First, the average house price is 14 745.35 yuan/m², and reveals a declining trend from coastal areas to inland areas , except Guilin Street, which demonstrates a local peak of house prices that decreases from the center of the street to its periphery. Second, street park green spaces show the best accessibility , and the overall accessibility of the green space for Guilin Street is the highest; The residential areas of best theme park green space accessibility are located on the Kunming streets and the Taoyuan streets; The residential areas of best street park green space accessibility are located on the Guilin Street; The best accessibility of attached green space is distributed on the Tiger Beach streets; With the best accessibility of other green space distributed on the Taoyuan streets. Third, the influence of green land accessibility on housing prices decreases with green land types as attached green space, street park green space, theme park green space, and other green space; Attached green space, street park green space and other green space show the significant spatial correlation coefficient between green space accessibility and house prices, house prices show a trend of growth as the distance to the green land falls; There is negative correlation between theme park green space and house price, with the arrival of scenic parks green spaces decreased, house prices showed the decrease trend.

Taking animation products as the study object, this article aims to analyze the spatial-temporal pattern and the cause of animation industry in China cities by coupling statistical data and big data technology. Firstly, an indicator system for the assessment of animation industry development is established from aspects of industrial scale, product quality and product concentration. The spatial-temporal pattern of animation industry in China cities is then analyzed using the methods of entropy, triangular model and GIS. Results show that: 1) The number of animation cities in China is increasing in past decades; furthermore, distribution of the animation industry was diffused from central cities and provincial capital cites to others. In detail, the former played a key role in leading the development of animation industry in China, while some other prefecture-level and county-level cities followed up. 2) Animation industry in most of the cities is in their initial stage with a relatively lower level. On the other hand, difference in the development of animation industry among these cities is obvious, forming a non-equilibrium pattern of "duality, three core and four plates" across the country. That is, 1) Dual structure development. In other words, according to analysis of quantity, quality, or comprehensive scores of animation production, pattern of dual structure has been found, including high level development in municipality, regional central and provincial capital cities such as Guangzhou, Beijing, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Suzhou, Changsha, and low level development in other cities; 2) Three-core development. We found that cities with high-level and high-yielding animation production are densely distributed in three major megalopolises including the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei district. This phenomenon makes the three urban agglomerations become the "platform" of the important animation cities in China; 3) Four plates. The gradient gap is very obvious among the eastern, middle, west and northeastern China. Concretely speaking, animation cities are accumulated in the eastern China, sparse in the central (northeastern) China and rare in the western China. This result indicates a gradient development of animation industry from eastern to western China. The findings are also proved using Thiel index. According to Thiel index analysis, differences of animation production development in Chinese cities are mainly intra-group differences, supplemented by inter-group differences. However, the intra-group differences are shrinking, while inter-group differences are expanding. The spatial pattern of animation industry development was further attributed using principal component analysis and correlation analysis. Results show that external and internal conditions have become the dual driving forces for the development of urban animation industry in China. As key drivers, the internal conditions refer to creativity, innovation and entrepreneurial environment. The external conditions, such as cultural resources and policy support, still have a great impact on the animation industry development. This indicates China's urban animation industry has entered the period of transformational development. Moreover, the internal conditions mainly affect the scale and the concentration of animation industry. Their influence on the quality of animation industry is not yet obvious, instead. Consequently, the internal conditions are not really the main driving force of animation industry in China cities at this stage. This phenomena could be due to the huge difference in economic level, cultural environment and other factors in these cities in China. To some extent, the formation of the "platform" of animation cities in the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin region in China are mirrored in their economic, social level and vitality of these regions.

Taking 30 provinces and cities of China as research objects, the spatial distribution and influencing factors of inter provincial industrial eco-efficiency are studied. The article sets up the evaluation index system of Chinese provincial industrial eco-efficiency. Combined with the Malmquist index model, the DEA-BCC model is used to measure the industrial eco-efficiency spatio-temporally in 2006-2015. And Goda software is used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of industrial ecological efficiency. Finally, the influencing factors of China's industrial eco-efficiency is examed through the spatial error model. The results show that: 1) China's industrial eco-efficiency, although showing a slight downward trend, but the overall high level of efficiency; there are obvious differences between the 30 provinces, showing a distribution pattern of the eastern> Central> West. 2) China's industrial eco-efficiency Malmquist index higher growth rates; Malmquist index of 30 provinces and cities are positive growth, showing a steady growth trend; improve efficiency technology is the main driving force Malmquist Index. 3) China 30 provinces and industrial eco-efficiency presents a positive spatial autocorrelation, and there is a significant gathering state, the neighbor effect is significant. 4) The level of economic development, industrial structure, government regulations, technological progress, foreign investment, and industrial agglomeration are the main factors affecting the eco-efficiency of the provinces.

By looking into the enrollment and employment data of graduates from universities directly administered by China Ministry of Education and with the method of index evaluation and hot-cold spot analysis, this article analyzed the graduates’ regional flowing patterns of two flowing stages of enrolled in the university and employed after graduation, and the resulting spatial distribution at the provincial level. The study found that the flow of talent from the university to study in different stages, can more clearly reveal the characteristics of the geographical space for talents. The local spatial viscosity in different regions dominates the flow of talent, and geopolitical and income factors in subsequent plays a role of regional adjustment. In the two stages, the flow of talent has significant spatial viscous characteristics. The geographical pattern of the flow includes “local-leapfrog” mode, “local-semi adherent” mode and “local-adherent” mode. Under the influence of different factors, the enrollment stage is dominated by “local-(semi) adherent” mode due to the adherence to the geo-social relations, while the employment stage is dominated by “local-leapfrog” type, which is adhered to the multiple possibilities of regional employment opportunities and benefits. From the perspective of the provincial pattern formed by talent flow, however, the spatial distribution of talents at the level of provincial level is more flat, while the phase of employment flow is more polarized in the longitudinal distribution. The “arch” pattern along the southeastern coast and the Yangtze River is characterized in both two stages, and the Yangtze River Delta region belongs to the hot spot of talent. However, because of the lack of provincial integration and linkage, the centralization of talent is not significant enough in the central and western regions, which highlight the important effect of the dominant area’s viscosity in the formation of the high ground of talent. It is suggested that different cities should bring into full play the role of local glutinosity to enhance the work of introducing university intelligence, from the two stages of talent generation and with the help of the strength of the urban agglomeration.

Market segmentation is an inevitable phenomenon with regional economy imbalance, the influences of which are two-sided. In the short term, market segmentation can promote regional economic development to some extent, but in the long run, it goes against to efficient allocation of resources which is a barrier to economic transform, and also a challenge to enhance the national comprehensive strength. Based on China's provincial panel data from 2001 to 2015, the comprehensive index of provincial market segmentation is calculated through entropy method from the four aspects of commodity market segmentation, the level of internet development, the degree of marketization of economy and the economy of urban agglomerations. With the visualization of the degree of market segmentation by ArcGIS, the spatial and temporal pattern and evolution law of regional market segmentation are revealed. Then, this article analyses the influence factors of the degree of market segmentation by constructing the spatial econometric model. The results showed that: The degree of market segmentation fluctuation is reduced on the whole, while in the process of integration. At the region level, the degree of market segmentation is decreasing from the west to the east, and the provinces with higher levels mainly distributed in the south and north of the Yangtze River, the provinces with moderate degree distributed in the central region and the provinces with lower degree are mainly distributed in the eastern coastal areas. The segmentation degree of regional market has obvious spatial autocorrelation, and the phenomenon of spatial agglomeration is becoming more and more remarkable. To sum up, higher level of proportion of state-owned economy, higher the market segmentation index will be, on the contrary, higher urbanization, fiscal expenditure, foreign trade, technology gap and infrastructure construction will be conductive eliminate market segmentation regionally.

Crime data, provided by public security departments, is an important source of research data for crime geography. However, not all victims would report to the police. The relationship between data and the reality of crime and the mechanism of victims reporting behavior are still not covered in China. Based on the theory of general rational choice, we carried out a victim survey in Guangzhou to investigate the crime reporting behavior of theft from person, fraud, burglary and violence and their influence of crime spatial pattern revealed by police data. Results show that the occurrence rates of fraud and theft from person are relatively high but reporting rate is low, while the occurrence rates of burglary and violence are low but reporting rates are high. Logistic models reveal that loss value is the key factor in affecting crime reporting behavior for the four types of crime. The bigger value the loss is, the higher possibility to report crime to the police there will be. What’s more, Hukou status would influence the theft reporting. The reporting behavior of burglary and violence would be affected by victims’ personal objective attributes and subjective sense. This study has approved that the general rational choice theory is applicable to China, but some notice should be taken care of when selecting indicators. Spatial variations for reporting rate of theft from person and burglary may exist, which reminds us that we should pay attention to the influence of crime reporting rate when using the official crime data.

The redevelopment of inner city has been an important way to remodel the urban current social space in China, which also triggers to the potential negative influence of the community residents while activating the old city and promoting the stable development of the city. Importantly, the redevelopment of inner city has impact on the sense of community of residents and their related subjects. Implicit association test is an important social cognitive method of psychology and has been used in the field of social cognition such as implicit attitude and implicit stereotype. Based on the background of urban redevelopment, taking Yongqing Square in Guangzhou as an example, this study used implicit association test, questionnaires and qualitative interviews to explore the community-related subjects’ sense of community before and after the transformation, and aimed to explore their differences in perceived attitudes. First of all, after the assessment of the questionnaire, the experimental materials used positive words and coherent words as experimental “attribute words” and photographs as “conceptual words” to interpret the participants’ emotional experience visually. Second, questionnaires were used to measure the participants’ explicit perceptions before and after the transformation of Yongqing Square. Implicit association test was used to measure participants’ implicit cognition of community renovation in Yongqing Square. Participants were required to follow the IAT procedural guidelines prepared by the E-prime version 2.0 psychological experiment statistical software to complete the classification test tasks about transformation of Yongqing Square. In addition, this study, through qualitative interview, understood the participants’ views on the redevelopment of Yongqing Square and their experimental experience. The results of the study revealed the separation effect of explicit and implicit attitudes in sense of community, and the difference of explicit attitudes was stronger than that of implicit attitudes. There were significant differences of perceived attitudes in the coherence and positivity of the participants before and after the redevelopment of Yongqing Square in the explicit perception level, and they expressed the affirmation of Yongqing community redevelopment. At the implicit level, participants’ attitudes had no significant difference between the coherence and positivity of the Yongqing Square before and after the redevelopment, which showed a more neutral implicit attitude, indicating that participants believe the transformation of Yongqing Square had little impact on the coherence and enthusiasm of the community. The experimental results showed that the change in the material level was not the real reason why the residents and other subjects were dissatisfied with the transformation. The community renewal should pay more attention to the rights and participation rights of stakeholders, and focus the rationality of the distribution of benefits. Therefore, not only the public participation and investigation should be emphasized in the community transformation planning, but also the implicit perception of the community for the transformation of community should be tapped in order to improve the effectiveness of community planning. Moreover, the article uses the neuroscience cognitive method of implicit association test to study the perception of landscape, which is a new attempt to open up the new direction of neuroscience turn of human geography research methods.

With the status of "world factory" for China, the coordination between scale and structure of regional manufacturing will be the realistic demand and strategic direction of China's sustainable development in the future. Supported by the research samples of 342 prefecture-level units and enterprise-level data, this article makes a deep analysis on the spatial-temporal characteristics of the coordination for the manufacturing scale and structure in China during the period of 1998-2013 by means of industrial structure up-grade (UPG) index, coordination evaluation model and GIS. The main conclusions of this study are as follows. First, the scale pattern of China's prefecture-level manufacturing industry has always been a core-periphery model oriented by eastern coastal: there is a significant discrepancy in the east and west of ‘Hu Huanyong’ line for the scale, that are the obvious superiorities of three core coastal urban agglomerations (including “the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)”, the “Bohai rim” and “the Pearl River Delta (PRD)”) and the smallest scale of southwest, northwest and Qinghai-Tibet region. Second, there is no obvious gradient attenuation in the spatial pattern of the UPG index, while it showed a mosaic mixed distribution model with an evident decline in traditional heavy industrial bases such as northeast, middle reaches of the Yellow River and a consecutive upgrade in the eastern coastal area especially YRD, PRD, and Shandong Peninsula. Third, it’s an increasing positive correlation between the manufacturing scale and UPG, but their coordination degree has always been at a low level with the transition from moderately unbalanced phase of 1998 to the verge of maladjustment phase in 2013 and the spatial feature for its growth pattern a stepped decrease from the east to the central part then to the west.

In the internet economic era, with E-commerce being greatly promoting express industry development, express delivery pickup point has become an important place for urban residents to visit, which is worth studying from the perspective of logistics geography. Based on POI data of Cainiao Station and China Post from Xi’an, using mathematical statistics, text word frequency analysis, spatial analysis and other methods, this paper analyzes Cainiao Station’s dependent organization form and service object types, spatial distribution features and the location selection, as well as the spatial organization relationship with the China Post. The findings are as follows: 1) Cainiao Station mainly depends on the retail shops, social service sites and individual stores; Its service objectives are mainly community-based, also including commercial blocks and university towns; 2) There is an ‘inner dense and outer sparse’ feature in the pattern of ‘more in central urban, less in outer rural’, and the distribution direction is along the northeast and southwest. 3） As for the location selection characteristics, on the large scale view, taking Bell Tower as the center point, the number of the pickup station is in a low-high-low pattern with the increase of the distance. On the small scale view, it has two-dimensional normal distribution in the distance [100,300] meter to the entry and exit of the service objects; 4) The distance between Cainiao Station and service object is within the range of 200 m, and the block activity points are suitable to the service objects; 5) The expanding mode of the postal sites and Cainiao Station is from the center of cities into the peripheral counties with the former has a high distribution and wider radiation range, and spatial relation of them presents a geographic-adjacent-based coordinated competition development trend. According to the above research results, several optimization suggestions are proposed. In addition, under the theoretical perspectives of consumer society and space production, mining its detection function of urban growth and population distribution, and examining its connection with the changes in mass consumer behavior and mode, and exploring its social and cultural significance will be important research directions in the future.

Constructing the index system for evaluating on China’s multidimensional well-being based on framework of “function-capability”, studying its level and the spatial difference during 1995-2014 and the evolution of equilibrium types of development about function and capability, it was found that: 1) From 1995 to 2014, China's function well-being and capability well-being were all significantly improved. Before 2000, the level of function well-being was low and conversion efficiency from capability to function was poor. After 2000, the level of function well-being in China has been above the level of capability well-being, and has continued to improve. However, there was no obvious increase in capability well-being until 2006. 2) In China, the levels of function well-being in the four regions from high to low in turn for eastern, northeast, central and western regions, the highest level of capabilityis eastern, the lowest is central, and western is close to northeast. As for inter-provincial comparison, the functional well-being of Beijing and Shanghai was obviously higher than other provinces. Obviously China’s function well-being showed eastern superiority. With higher levels of capability well-being in Beijing, Shanghai and Qinghai Provinces, China’s capability well-being didn’t show a gradual diminishing spatial pattern from east to west. 3) As a whole, provincial spatial difference of our country about function well-being is reduce, while the provincial spatial difference of capability well-being is first increase to reduce. Before 2005, the level of function well-being in Beijing and Shanghai has risen sharply, thus, inter-provincial difference in function well-being have been widened. After 2005, as the functional well-being of other provinces developed rapidly, spatial difference tended to shrink. As for capability well-being, the provincial difference had been narrowed before 1997, and had been gradually expanded in 1997-2011, since 2011, the provincial differencehas been slowly narrowing. 4) The development of function and capability have experienced a certain period about “function dominance-capability dominance-higher level coordination”. The timing of the types about coordination varies from province to province, but the relationship between function well-being and capability well-being is constantly being optimized. Improving the transfer efficiency from capability well-being to function well-being is the key to improving the well-being and its coordinated development of our country.

Spatial division of producer services and its effects play important roles in spatial organization and economic growth, especially in megacities. As the main space for division in producer services at the urban level, megacities have developed specialized and diversified areas driven by factors such as cost and market. In order to measure the rationality of the spatial division, the effects of spatial spillover can be used as an efficient approach, and industrial heterogeneity significantly affects this kind of spatial division and its spillover. Based on the mechanism of spatial division of producer services, the paper utilized the panel data of producer services from 2006 to 2015 in Beijing and Krugman Specialization Index to analyze the characteristics of producer service. The results suggest that industrial division between core and peripheral was remarkable. It is also found that the specialization increased and diversity declined from center to periphery area, with the trend of which was strengthened from the dynamic perspective. It is further found that high-order producer services agglomerated in diversification areas, transportation services dispersed in specialized areas, and most districts specialized on the real estate industry. Moreover, spatial econometric models were used to estimate the spatial spillover effect of producer services. The significant spatial division indicates that the linkage and coordination of producer services among different districts in Beijing were high. Finally, it seems that the effect of spatial division of different producer services was highly related to their industrial characteristics, with negative spillover effects of transportation, positive effects of finance, technology, information and real estate industries but insignificant effects of the commercial service industry.

In recent years, the population is ageing rapidly in Shanghai. Increases in the older population are generating demand for a wide range of elder care services. Residential care homes are the main places for elderly care service. The configuration rationality of residential care homes makes a difference to sustainable urban development and the construction of a harmonious society. However, some issues in the configuration of residential care facilities such as unreasonable spatial layout and insufficient service have become increasingly acute with the growth of the geriatric population. It is important to optimize the layout and number of residential care facilities to ensure the equity and efficiency of public services. In this paper, a method for optimizing the layout and quantity of residential care homes together is studied. Considering the demand of government, residents and investors, a configuration optimization model with multi-objective and constraints for residential care homes is constructed based on maximizing the government equity, maximizing configuration efficiency, minimizing residents traveling cost and maximizing the investors’ returns. Then, the software GIS and the improved immune algorithm are used for the configuration optimization of the residential care homes in Hongkou District of Shanghai. According to the calculating results, the configuration rationality of current residential care homes is analyzed and a new configuration scheme is put forward. After comparing the results of the proposed method with those of simulated annealing algorithm, particle swarm algorithm, genetic algorithm, traditional immune algorithm and the existing scheme, the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method is verified validly. The results show that the scale and numbers of residential care homes still cannot satisfy the demand of the elderly in Hongkou District. Furthermore, most of the current residential care homes in Hongkou District deviate from the optimal locations. They may increase the residents' travel cost, weaken the government equity and configuration efficiency, hinder the increase of investment returns and need to be further optimized. According to the optimize results, the rationality of 3 residential care homes that are located in Jiangwanzhen Street should be further improved and 15 new residential care homes should be built in the south of Hongkou District to satisfy the demands of the elderly population. In addition, the computing efficiency of the improved immune algorithm is higher than that of simulated annealing algorithm, particle swarm algorithm, genetic algorithm, basic immune algorithm by 45%, 38.89%, 21.43%, 46.34% respectively, and the antibody affinity value of improved immune algorithm is better than that of the simulated annealing algorithm, particle swarm algorithm, genetic algorithm, basic immune algorithm respectively by 1.61%, 2.73%, 5.80%, 6.91%. The proposed method improves the basic immune algorithm from two aspects including selection operator and mutation operator. Hence, the computation procedure is more efficient and accurate than that of traditional immune algorithm. Due to considering varies stakeholders’ requirements, the configuration scheme is reasonable. The method can support knowledge-based policy-making and planning of residential care facilities. The optimized results also can provide references for scientific decision-making on residential care in Hongkou District of Shanghai.

With the change of global environment and the rapid development of economic globalization, strengthening the protection and restoration of ecosystem and improving the livelihood of residents have become the focus of the government and academia. At present, analysis research on the livelihood security is of great significance in the implementation of Chinese poverty alleviation and of national development plans. However, so far, there are few reports on systematic review of livelihood security studies using the visualization method of knowledge mapping at home and abroad. Therefore, this article firstly takes literature which focuses on “livelihood security” included in the core database of Web of Science from 1991 to 2016 as the basis, then applies the software CiteSpace, and uses emergent word algorithm to obtain emergent word map of the livelihood security research field. The study finds that from 1991 to 2016, the emerging words in the field of livelihood security research mainly included drought, healthy, women, AIDS, food security, refugees, etc., and it showes the characteristics of survival, development and adaptation in stages. Secondly, this article researches the studies focus and development trend of livelihood security through word frequency analysis and the frequency of high frequency subject words. Four hotspots in livelihood security are concluded in this study: 1) Livelihood outcome: it mainly includes food security, vulnerability, poverty and impact; 2) Ecological environment: it mainly consists of climate change and agriculture; 3) Livelihood strategies: it largely contains management, conservation and adaptation; 4) Key areas: it is mostly about Africa. Then, this article adopts the method of literature co-citation analysis and cluster analysis to analyze the knowledge basis of livelihood security research field. It is found that the adaptability of food security, marine resources and climate change together constitute the frontier and hot area of livelihood security research. Finally, CiteSpace is used to analyze the research literature on English livelihood security published by Chinese scholars. It is concluded that the research of China's livelihood security includes four aspects: natural resources and food security, natural disasters and livelihood security, rapid urbanization and livelihood security, climate change and livelihood security. In conclusion, this article analyzes livelihood security research in 27 years, including research hot spot trends and knowledge base, etc. by using information visualization software CiteSpace. This is a new attempt of livelihood security research review, which can reveals the overall characteristics of livelihood security research more scientifically, accurately and fully, so as to provide a scientific reference in the further development of livelihood security research both at home and abroad.

Taking Zhejiang Province as the research object, using the weighted average travel time, plate “tourism” theory of spatial structure, spatial econometric model, and based on the “accessibility” perspective or clues to explore the influence of land transportation network evolution on spatial structure and organization of regional tourism and tourism economic development during 1996 to 2016. The results show that: 1) With the construction and improvement in the road and railway network of the county level road, which brings significant time-space compression effect, node cities accessibility have varying degrees of improvement, also have basically entered the “2-4 hour circle”, and its geographical process and pattern appeared around the four metropolitan area shaft radial “Π” spatial structure dynamic evolution. 2) With the effect of traffic network, more than 4A scenic spots are densely distributed over the 10 km buffer zone of the main central traffic routes in the neighboring central cities, and the kernel density and accessibility of spatial and temporal evolution showed a high degree of coupling. At the same time, tourism regional structure system evolved into “plate mode” form. 3) Compare with OLS model, SLM model and SEM model, the regression model of SEM model with the best fitting result was selected. The results show that traffic location, resource endowments, economic base of multiple factors in different degree of nonlinear effects of regional tourism economic development. Among them, traffic location has the greatest impact, followed by economic base, resource endowment and reception capacity, but industrial structure has not passed the significant level test. 4) Spatial econometric model shows that county tourism economic development has spatial autocorrelation. Therefore, transportation infrastructure as a material carrier and path channels to play the role of spatial linkage effect should be taken into considered, so as to promote regional tourism cooperation and integration development, all of that is in the under the situation that local governments is increasingly emphasizing the status and role of tourism in the development of regional economy. 5) The research results reveal the logic of the development of regional transportation infrastructure which brings about the change of accessibility and tourism spatial structure, and explains the important role of traffic for the development of tourism economy.

Analyzing the numerical relationship between transit ridership and land use is significant to station location, land use planning and rail transit property development. Although there have been a growing number of studies on long-term ridership forecasting, limited effort has been made to investigate the impacts of different land use types on ridership and ridership decay rules. Two problems are considered in this paper. First, how do the land development intensity of different types influence station ridership? Second, what are the relationships between the walking distance to the station and trip rates for different land types? This paper attempts to answer the questions based on the direct ridership model. A two-step nonlinear regression model is established and the parameters are estimated by the Gauss-Newton method. Four variables including floor area of different land types, bus lines, centrality and walking distance to the station are included in the model. The first-step model separates the ridership produced by the land use from the total ridership. In the second-step model, two types of distance-decay function, exponential-decay function and linear-decay function, are considered. The parameters of exponential model and linear model are calculated according to . Smart card data of 94 subways in Shenzhen are used to valid the model. The results are: 1) Compared to the linear decay tendency, the decay rule is more in line with the exponential form; 2) Trip rates of different land types ordering from large to small are: transport land > commercial land > official land ≈ urban village > industrial land > residential land > other land; 3) The impacts of walking distance on the trip rate ordering from large to small are: commercial land > official land > transport land > other land > residential land > urban village > industrial land. Due to considering the factors of land use and walking distance to the station, the proposed model provides a quite accurate prediction of the station ridership. Ridership forecasting is crucial for the analysis of project viability and urban rail transit planning. With the help of estimated ridership, subway planners can proactively judge whether a site is suitable for setting transit station. The decay rules of different land types can provide reference for property development around the stations and travel analysis.

Housing price in Chinese big cities has been a focus issue in the society, which is not only high, but also ever-rising. While, the ‘Price-to-rent Ratio’ is one of the key indicators for scholars to measure housing price whether in healthy level or risk of a bubble. The study obtains the information of average sales and rent price of residential communities during 30 quarters from 2009 to 2017 in Nanjing, on the basis of “big data” about housing transaction provided by China Housing Price Market Platform. With the method of GIS spatial analysis and differentiation index, it investigates the spatial pattern and transformation process of price-to-rent ratio, as well as city housing price risk and spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of central urban area in Nanjing. The study finds that: 1) the overall price-to-rent ratio changes obviously with the fluctuation of housing price, which presents a rapid growth during 2016-2017; 2) the degree of differentiation falls first and rises later, and the differentiation in urban area is the main reason, whereas the differentiation between the inner and outer urban areas becomes increasingly blurred; 3) residential communities with a high price-to-rent ratio are primarily in the new urban areas, including Hexi and Jiangbei, where are the investment hot spots with rapid growth of housing price. The housing price risk is rising sharply in Nanjing and there is a trend of spatial generalization, which is judged from the phenomenon of extraordinary rise in price-to-rent ratio of urban houses, intensification of spatial dispersion, and housing price and rent being reversed for the first time. Based the land rent theory, it interprets the phenomenon of the price-to-rent ratio rising and spatial heterogeneity intensifying. It is the capacity of comprehensive allocation of resource elements in cities (absolute rent) that decides the overall housing price and rent level of the city; the urban spatial structure and factor input difference (differential rent) decides the spatial distribution pattern of housing price and price-to-rent ratio; while, the scarcity of high quality space and public services (monopoly rent) is likely to lead to the multi-scale space of the price-to-rent ratio. Finally, it analyzes the possibility of judging the degree of urban house price risk by using price-to-rent ratio. It suggest that the rapid rise in housing prices in Nanjing is worth vigilant; and especially in 2016-2017, both the price-to-rent ratio and the degree of space dispersion climbed to the highest value of history, due to the house prices having risen sharply and rents fall at the same time, which shows that the overall housing price risk is increasing.

With a rapid urbanization in Asia, the high-density new urban-center districts have already changed the microclimate in the city. Because of the using characters of building, the commercial streets which have emerged massively making a large number of pedestrians appear, pedestrian comfort in the commercial streets of the new urban-center districts requires more attention. Different street spatial layout will lead to change the internal wind environment in it and then affect the pedestrian comfort. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are used to study the correlation between the three main street spatial layout factors, which are near-line rate, street interface density and street aspect ratio, under the simulation of relevant weather conditions. The results are mainly the following three points, first, the wind speed within the street change with the increase in the near-line rate like a parabola trend, and the wind speed reaches its peak about at a near-line rate of 70%. In that cases, it’s conducive to ventilation. Second, as the street interface density decreases, the variation of the wind speed of each measuring point in the city streets is getting bigger and bigger, and then the pedestrian walking in it will feel a strong wind speed change and the comfort is greatly reduced. Thirdly, the wind speed in the city streets is inversely proportional to the street aspect ratio. These conclusions will provide an important reference and evaluation basis for urban designers at the beginning of the design to effectively avoid future wind environmental problems.

Based on a cross-sectional data at the city level in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, this paper firstly employs the exploratory spatial data analysis method to investigate the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of air quality index (AQI) of 126 cities in 2015, and then applies the Bayesian spatial econometric model to explore the socio-economic driving factors of air quality index of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The findings are the following: 1) The distribution of the annual average AQI values in the Yangtze River Economic Belt exhibits a significant spatial cluster pattern, specifically high AQI values in the north and low AQI values in the south. Moreover, the hot spot analysis results show that the most polluted areas are mainly Jiangsu province, the northern Zhejiang province, Shanghai and the most areas of northern Anhui province while Yunnan province, Panzhihua city of Sichuan and the most areas of Guizhou province show better air quality. 2) Regarding the seasonal characteristics of AQI values in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, it also shows a typical seasonal characteristic, specifically, high AQI values in both winter and spring, and low AQI values in both summer and autumn. Overall, during the whole year high AQI values are mainly concentrated on Hubei province, Anhui province and Jiangsu province while low AQI values on Yunnan province. 3) The Bayesian spatial lag model indicates that the urban AQI values of the Yangtze River Economic Belt show significant spatial spillover effects. Moreover, the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis has been verified, indicating that as GDP per capita increases, air quality worsens. However, when GDP per capita continues to increase, air quality becomes better. Besides, the coefficient of FDI variable is significant and positive, indicating the pollution haven hypothesis. Finally, the increase in population density and highway passenger transportation are important driving factors worsening air quality while the higher proportion of the tertiary industry and green coverage ratio improvements contribute to improving air quality of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

The Horqin sandy land is located in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in northern of China. The development of sandy land is affected by the interaction of wind and water, and the evolution of Lake Group landscape is closely related to the process of aeolian sand surface evolution. The Horqin sandy land as the study area, 1975-2015 medium resolution satellite images based on the landscape pattern index calculation and statistical analysis methods, focus on the change process of lake and sand landscape pattern, and analyze the influence factors in recent 40 years. The results showed that: in recent 40 years, Horqin desert landform coverage area showed a decreasing trend, the average annual rate of change -0.31%, while shrub dunes, parabolic dunes fixed semi fixed dune type sand area increased significantly, inverse transformation trend. The landscape spread degree of sandy land decreased by 2.13 and the dominance increased by 16.55, indicating that the connectivity and diversity of patches in Horqin sandy land decreased. Lakes area net reduction is 61.24 km², the number of patches decreased by 66, the lake group centroid toward ESE 3 576 km² migration, the separation of lake landscape degree decreased, while the cluster of lake landscape increased, landscape evolution tends to be stable, and the sandy land and Lake landscape in the dynamic evolution process. The factors of economic and human activities are the driving factors of the evolution of Horqin sandy land, especially social economic factors and policy factors can promote or inhibit the evolution process of sandy landscape in a short time. The study provides the basis for the sustainable development of the ecological environment in Horqin sandy land.

Coastal cities are highly vulnerable to typhoons due to the special geographical location. A typhoon is often accompanied by strong winds, heavy rains and high tide events. Strong winds, heavy rains and high tides are three disaster-causing factors of typhoon. Current studies of typhoon most focus on univariate and bivariate frequency analysis of disaster-causing factors. If only the joint characteristics of univariate or bivariate functions are analyzed, the factual hazard mechanism of typhoon in coastal zones cannot be explored. However, until now, there is some lack of knowledge about multivariate joint probability distribution of winds, rainfall and storm tides. The joint probability distribution can reveal the occurrence probability of multiple variables. Therefore, it is meaningful to investigate the trivariate joint probability distribution of winds, rainfall and storm tides for typhoon disaster management in coastal zones. Taking the Haikou city as an example, this paper uses the three-dimensional Copula function to construct the joint distribution model of multiple hazard factors of typhoon disasters and analyzes the joint return period of typhoon disasters and failure probability under the interaction of multiple hazard factors. The results show that the three-dimensional Gumbel Copula function can reasonably describe the joint distribution of multiple hazard factors of typhoon disasters. Multivariate return period analysis can provide more adequate and comprehensive information about risks than univariate return period analysis. Univariate design analysis will underestimate the occurrence frequency of typhoon disasters with a certain degree of severity, and the design standard of prevention measures should consider the multiple hazard factors of typhoon disasters comprehensively, and give full consideration to the failure probability during the design period. The research results can provide important scientific evidences for the sustainable development of China's coastal provinces and cities and the formulation of disaster prevention and disaster prevention policies.