It is of great significance to explore the formation of water resources and the water balance in Tianchi area for the protection of water resources and ecological environment. Based on the topographic and geomorphologic conditions, the special geological lithology and ring-radial fault structure characteristics of Tianchi area, the water circulation conditions and hydrodynamic characteristics of Tianchi Lake were analyzed. The "hydraulic peak elimination" effect of the ring fault structure and the water conduction effect of the radial fault are clarified, and the possibility of groundwater divide expansion in Tianchi recharge area is demonstrated. Based on the analysis of water circulation and hydrodynamic conditions in Tianchi area, and meteorological and hydrological monitoring data of Tianchi area from 2003 to 2020, the water balance of Tianchi Lake was calculated and analyzed based on the water balance method. The results show that the precipitation conditions in Tianchi area can maintain the water level balance of Tianchi Lake. The water balance of annual excretion of 3.6×10⁷m³ of Tianchi Lake can be maintained when the precipitation is within 850-2 200 m from the outside of the surface watershed around Tianchi Lake. The average surface elevation of the water balance area is 125 m higher than that of Tianchi water surface (2 189.7 m). many ring faults and radial faults in Tianchi area. All the above faults are tensile faults. The ring faults all inclined to Tianchi which provided favorable conditions for groundwater recharge to Tianchi Lake. The formation above 1700 m in Tianchi area is mainly composed of pumice rock and pyroclastic rock, mostly of porosity structure and strong permeability. The special geological structure conditions and stratigraphic lithology in Tianchi area make the surface divide around Tianchi not coincide with the underground watershed in the groundwater recharge area. The dominant seepage conditions of the fault structure around Tianchi constitute the "peak elimination" effect of groundwater potential energy. The ring-radial fault structure and the good permeability of the stratum lithology in Tianchi area make it possible to expand the groundwater watershed. Combined the synthetic analysis result of the of water circulation and hydrodynamic conditions in Tianchi area, and meteorological and hydrological monitoring data of Tianchi area from 2003 to 2020, the water balance of Tianchi Lake was calculated and analyzed based on the water balance method. The results show that the precipitation conditions in Tianchi area can maintain the water balance of annual excretion of 3.6×10⁷ m³ of Tianchi Lake. The distance of the water balance zone boundary is within 850-2 200 m from the outside of the surface watershed around Tianchi Lake. The average surface elevation of the water balance area is 125 m higher than that of Tianchi Lake water surface (2 189.7 m). The factors that may affect the calculation result of water balance, such as precipitation, runoff of Tianchi Lake water, calculation parameter value, condensation water amount and evaporation amount, are analyzed and discussed.

Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform, this article explores a method to rapidly batch process remote sensing data and obtain glacier area changes based on the Purog Kangri Icefield on the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as an example. A pixel-by-pixel synthesis algorithm is used to acquire cloud-free images of the study area, which improves the utilization of image data. By calculating the NDSI of the study area and performing the minimum value synthesis, the glacier extent of the Purog Kangri from 1988 to 2020 was extracted to study the changes of the glacier area of the Purog Kangri in the past 33 years. The results show that the GEE platform combined with image-level image synthesis and the minimum NDSI algorithm can be used to rapidly acquire annual synthetic images and extract glacier boundaries. The glacier area change characteristics were obtained from 1988 to 2020 by synthesizing 512 remote sensing images from 1988 to 2020, and the glacier area decreased by 31.08 km² in past 33 years, with an average annual retreat rate of 0.23%/a. The glacier area retreat mainly occurred at the end of the glacier, and some of the ends retreated 1506 m in 20 years. In comparison with the results of other related studies, the absolute error between the results of this paper and the reference value is within 5.6 km² and the relative deviation is within 1.4%, which proves that the minimum NDSI synthesis method based on the GEE platform is feasible and reliable to extract the glacier area. Compared with field observation of glaciers or traditional remote sensing monitoring methods, this method improves image utilization and data processing efficiency, and can quickly realize long time series analysis of glacier area change, which provides a new way for modern glacier change research.

Based on the population change rates of municipal districts of cities in Northeast China from 2010 to 2018, this study first identified shrinking cities in Northeast China, and redefined urban vitality to construct its multi-indicator evaluation system, then characterized the spatial-temporal and evolutionary patterns of urban vitality of shrinking cities, and finally analyzed the influencing factors of these cities. The results showed that: 1) Based on the population data, there were 16 shrinking cities and 7 growing cities in Northeast China, which exhibited the spatial characteristics of "the coexistence of shrinkage and growth" and "the significant concentration of shrinkage". 2) The urban vitality of cities in Northeast China has improved as time went by, showing a spatial pattern of "core-edge" and a provincial spatial difference of "lower in the north and higher in the south". 3) The urban vitality of shrinking cities was generally lower than that of growing cities. From the perspective of different subsystems of urban vitality, the economic vitality of shrinking cities was generally low, but the performance of environmental vitality, cultural vitality and social vitality of certain shrinking cities was better than that of growing cities. 4) The evolutionary trends of urban vitality coordination degree of shrinking cities were not so characteristic. The original vitality foundations and background conditions of a city may have important influences on the change of urban vitality, and maintaining a high-level and coordinated urban development structure can play an important role in promoting urban vitality. 5) The main influencing factors of urban vitality were the degree of urban functionality mix, the proportion of tertiary industry in GDP and the treatment rate of urban domestic sewage. For shrinking cities, optimizing the environment quality of the built-up areas and ecological environment, improving the diversified accommodation degree of urban space, and speeding up the industrial transformation and upgrading are the keys to improve urban vitality. Two important contributions of this study are that it provides valuable insights into enhancing urban vitality and achieving high-quality development in shrinking cities, and it also offers guidance for effectively implementing the Northeast Revitalization Strategy and overcoming the challenges of regional decline in Northeastern China.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is known as the "Water Tower of Asia" and the characteristics of its water system are of great concern to society. Based on the GRACE gravity satellite, vegetation index, evapotranspiration, temperature, and precipitation data, we analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of water storage changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and interpret the response characteristics of water storage changes to vegetation changes. The results show that: 1) Terrestrial water storage changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau can be divided into 2 stages: in 2003—2012, the water storage changes were relatively stable; in 2012—2016, the water storage showed a decreasing trend (–8.04 mm/year, P<0.01). Spatially, it shows a significant deficit in the southern outflow area (–12 mm/year in some areas, P<0.01). In contrast, a significant surplus in the north-central Qiangtang inflow area (6 mm/year, P<0.01), however, the trend of surplus water storage in the instream zone was reversed in 2012 from a surplus to a deficit. 2) During 2002—2016, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau showed a greening trend (0.002/year, P<0.01), 61% of the gridded vegetation showed a greening trend, and 39% of the gridded vegetation browned (located in the southern, northern and northwestern regions of the plateau). 3) The direct relationship between the vegetation index and terrestrial water storage on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is not obvious because the plateau vegetation is mainly located in the southeastern part, and other regions are sparsely vegetated. However, vegetation significantly indirectly affects terrestrial water storage through transpiration. The greening of vegetation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau increases vegetation transpiration (R=0.62, P<0.05), leading to soil water storage deficit (R=–0.49, P<0.1), which in turn affects regional terrestrial water storage changes (R=–0.63, P<0.05). The study results contribute to deepening the understanding of the atmosphere-biosphere-hydrosphere interactions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the context of warming.

Based on the data from the third national land resource survey of Hainan, a comprehensive analysis was conducted using kernel density estimation, buffer and overlay analysis, logistic regression model and ridge regression model to explore the spatial pattern of villages in Hainan Island and their response to natural and socio-economic factors, and further classify the villages into different types. The study found that: 1) The distribution of villages in Hainan Island presents a spatial pattern of "dense in coastal areas, sparse in inland areas" and "intensive in eastern areas, dispersed in western areas". The village scale is generally small, and the spatial differentiation of construction land and cultivated land is overall consistent with the natural geographical differentiation base shaped by the central mountainous area and peripheral coastal area. 2) Under the background of rural transformation, the spatial distribution of villages is mainly influenced by natural environment such as altitude and slope, and economic location represented by traffic accessibility to townships, while the spatial scale of villages is more externally driven by social and economic factors such as population and GDP; relatively speaking, the distribution and expansion of construction land are strongly influenced by social and economic factors, while cultivated land still has higher dependence on natural environment. 3) Based on above, five village types were identified in Hainan Island using cluster analysis, which are mountainous ecological characteristic villages, coastal resource substitution villages, urban-rural spatial integration villages, urban-rural functional integration villages, and wide-ranging comprehensive development villages, and the corresponding development suggestions were put forward. We hope this can offer a scientific basis for "one village one policy", so as to promote rural planning and revitalization in Hainan Island, and to promote human-land harmony and high-quality regional development.

Based on the meteorological observation datasets including daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature and precipitation, etc. at 61 stations in the hinterland of deserts and sandy fields and surrounding area in northern China, temporal and spatial variations of climate extremes were analyzed from 1961—2019 by 24 different extreme climate indices, and their influential factors were discussed. The results show that: 1) During 1961—2019, obvious warming trend has been found in these deserts and sandy fields. Extreme temperature indices have significant changing trend with small spatial difference. The frost days, cold nights and other extreme cold events have decreased significantly, while the number of summer days, warm days and other extreme warm events have increased significantly. 2) Extreme precipitation indices have large interannual fluctuations, and they mostly increased in western deserts and decreased in eastern sandy fields. The annual precipitation in western deserts has a significant increasing trend at the rate of 5.11 d/10a, and other extreme precipitation indices such as daily maximum precipitation, moderate rain days and heavy precipitation also have also increased significantly. The annual precipitation and other extreme precipitation indices in eastern sandy fields show an obvious decreasing trend, indicating the drying trend in this region. 3) The changes in extreme temperature indices in the deserts and sandy fields of northern China show consistency with other parts of China, while the rates exceed that of most part of global land such as North America, South Africa, Australia, etc. 4) The changes in extreme low temperature and extreme cold events in eastern sandy fields are significantly correlated with the Arctic Oscillation. The weakening of East Asian summer monsoon during recent decades is the main cause for the decrease in extreme precipitation in eastern sandy fields, while the increase in extreme precipitation in western deserts may be affected by multiple factors including the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.

This paper starts from the realistic needs of implementing the Rural Revitalization Strategy, the modernization of the national spatial governance system and governance capacity. Based on the balanced development of urban and rural space and the special location characteristics of the metropolitan fringe, this paper scientifically analyzes the concept and characteristics of rural spatial governance in the metropolitan fringe, constructs the development process of rural spatial governance driven by socio-economic evolution, builds a logical analysis framework of rural spatial governance in the metropolitan fringe, and studies systematically the mechanism and model of rural space governance in the metropolitan fringe. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) With the implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy, urban and rural elements flow frequently. The rural areas in the metropolitan fringe have the characteristics of functional diversification, complexity of social structure and systematization of organizational structure, which correspond to material space governance, social space governance and space rights governance. 2) Governments, village collectives, enterprises and other social subjects constantly participate in the process of rural space governance, and each subject has its own unique governance behavior mechanism in rural physical space governance, social space governance and space rights governance. 3) Based on the different power allocation relationships of multiple subjects, this paper abstracts five governance models of rural space governance in metropolitan fringe, which are respectively government-led, government enterprise-joint, endogenous-driven, village enterprise-joint, and diversified-cooperation. Each space governance model has corresponding advantages and defects. Through the above studies, this paper aims to provide theoretical support and decision-making basis for sustainable development of rural space in this special region of metropolitan fringe.

High latitude permafrost regions are the most sensitive areas to climate change. The degradation of permafrost seriously affects the soil carbon cycling process. Revealing the vertical distribution pattern of soil organic carbon in permafrost layers under different land cover types is of great significance for predicting future changes in soil carbon pools in permafrost regions. Here we select forests, forest swamps, and shrub swamps in the high latitude permafrost areas of the Da Hinggan Mountains. Soil columns (7-8 m) were collected using drilling methods to measure soil carbon (organic carbon, soluble organic carbon) under the three different land types, and further analyzed the carbon content at different depths. The results showed that as the depth increased, the soil carbon contents decreased, and the organic carbon content varied from14.55 g/kg to 95.98 g/kg (forest swamp), from 17.48 g/kg to 132.93 g/kg (forest), and from 2.58 g/kg to 396.50 g/kg (shrub swamp). There was also a high carbon content soil layer in permafrost layers. The average content of organic carbon and soluble organic carbon in the active layer soil is as follows: shrub swamp>forest>forest swamp, and the average content of organic carbon and soluble organic carbon in the permafrost layer soil is as follows: forest swamp>forest>shrub swamp. The correlation analysis revealed significant negative correlations between depth and soil organic carbon content, water-soluble organic carbon content, and soil water content in soils under forest and shrub swamp conditions. However, there was no significant correlation between depth and these indices in soils under forest swamp conditions. Additionally, pH values were significantly positively correlated with depth across all soils, while they were negatively correlated with soil organic carbon content, soluble organic carbon content, and soil water content. The coefficient of variation of organic carbon in the active layer is 30.31%-114.26%, and the coefficient of variation of organic carbon in the permafrost layer is 30.23%-192.09%. Correlation analysis showed that soil organic carbon was negatively correlated with depth and pH, and significantly positively correlated with soil moisture.

Nighttime light data provides the strong data and technical support for monitoring urbanization and regional development, but its specific applicability needs to be further explored. Based on GIS and RS technology, this paper obtains Mongolian nighttime light data from 1992 to 2018 by correcting DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS data, aiming to analyze the applicability of nighttime light data to less developed countries. The research results show that: 1) The agglomeration effect of nighttime lights in the capital city cluster of Mongolia is obvious, presenting a spatial pattern of "concentration in the north central regions, and rapid growth along the railway line"; The total value of nighttime light showed a significant growth trend after 2010, which indicates that the power supply has achieved rapid and stable growth; 2) When the spatial scale is larger, the more applicable the nighttime light data is, and the higher the accuracy of reflecting social and economic activities. At the same provincial scale, only when the urbanization rate is greater than 30% and the population cannot be lost in large quantities, the nighttime light data has a positive correlation with the number of people, otherwise it is negatively correlated or irrelevant; 3) NPP/VIIRS has detected more settlements than DMSP/OLS, and stable power supply is key to whether settlements were detected;

The paper selects the Yanbian Korean Nationality Autonomous Prefecture in Jilin province as the sample unit. It theoretically explores and empirically verifies the development characteristics, formation mechanisms and response patterns of shrinking cities and towns under the context of ethnic autonomous regions. The results show that: 1) 62.5% of the cities and towns in the Yanbian Korean Nationality Autonomous Prefecture are diagnosed as shrinking areas. However, the whole is not a shrinking city. The five identified shrinking cities show obvious "common issues" in the aspect of industrial development, population structure, economic concept and land use. 2) The form of shrinking cities and towns are the result of the "drive" of spatial differentiation within the middle circle functionally related areas, the "extrusion" of individual development transformation of shrinking regions in the inner circle + the "pull" of external regional spatial connection in the outer circle. 3) This paper presumes the planning response path for the shrinking cities and towns in Yanbian Korean Nationality Autonomous Prefecture as "strengthening the integrated development with the functional areas in the middle circle, and improving the well-being index of the residents", and formulates specific countermeasures and proposals accordingly.

The traditional core-periphery theory mainly focuses on how the edge develops to the core. However, the core can also develop inversely to the edge in practice. This research takes Bengbu as an example to study systematically the process and internal mechanism from provincial core city to the marginal city under the theory of core-periphery theory basing on the research aspect of "polarization" and "diffusion". The result shows that: 1) The external characteristics of the rise of the "core" of Bengbu is manifested in the transportation hub location where the Jinpu Railway and the Huaihe River water transport meet, and the internal characteristics are manifested in the economic status of the core city of industrial development in Anhui Province and the innovation resource agglomeration advantages of the core city of the Hewubeng National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone. At the same time, the above three dimensions are also the power force for the rise of the "core" of Bengbu, following the theoretical path of the formation of the "core" under the framework of the traditional core-periphery theory. 2) The external characteristics of Bengbu's "marginalization" are mainly manifested in the marginal location of strategic virtual areas such as the regional integration of the Yangtze River Delta, the Hefei metropolitan area, and the Anhui River urban belt, as well as the superposition effect of the decline of the status of railway transportation hubs and the spatial scarcity of land and water transportation hubs. And the internal characteristics are mainly manifested in the insufficient momentum of economic development in the industrial dimension, as well as the resulting outflow of resources and factors, and the lack of innovation power. 3) The marginalization of ''core'' and the motivation of ''marginalization'' locking is originated from the inclination of policies and the spontaneous imbalance of the market economy. Among them, policy force plays a leading role, through the subjective initiative choice of core cities, and changes the path of resource agglomeration and diffusion under the traditional core-periphery theory framework, coupled with the interest-driven nature of market mechanisms, the "core" and "marginalization" status of Bengbu and Hefei have been reconstructed. At the same time, the marginalized Bengbu is facing the dilemma of urban contraction at the same time, and the cycle of the two forms a negative feedback to weaken the diffusion effect of Hefei's "core". 4) The localized theory explanation of the creative "core" regressive succession is that policy forces become the leading mechanism of core-marginalization structure formation, polarization and reconstruction, often based on specific development orientation to strengthen the polarization effect of the target "core", reverse the flow of economic resources under the spontaneous action of the market, and guide the "core" to exert diffusion effect in a timely manner; however, the market mechanism plays a decisive role in the specific implementation results of the diffusion effect. In view of the interest-driven nature of market players, the development gap between the "marginalization" and the "core" is the key, and the excessive development gap will lead to the displacement of the diffusion effect and weaken the radiation driving effect of the "core".

Base on the field investigation in the Zoige Basin, the typical first terrace sedimentary sequence of the Yellow River outlet at the western of the basin was selected as the research object. Through the analysis of sediment grain size, end-member and OSL dating, the study result showed that the bed facies sand and gravel and the floodplain sand layer at the bottom of the terrace constitute a binary structure sedimentary layer, in which a layer of shallow depression bog mud deposits accumulated during 5.0—4.2 ka B.P. was lenticularly sandwiched, these results suggest that the first terrace of the Yellow River in this reach began to form from 5.0 ka B.P. The river floodplain sand layer was covered with aeolian sand layer, and the paleoflood slackwater deposit layer was sandwiched in the aeolian sand layer, indicating that the Yellow River experienced several catastrophic flood events during 4.2—4.0 ka B.P. during the period of 4.0—2.8 ka B.P., the climate was humid, the bog mud deposits was formed on the shallow depression of the terrace surface. Then the sandstorm carried the coarse silt to the terrace and formed aeolian loess layer. The upper part of aeolian loess layer was transformed by biological weathering, and developed into modern subalpine meadow soil layer with granular structure. The results revealed the development process of the first terrace in the outlet section of Zoige Basin, which was of great significance for understanding the environmental changes and surface processes in the source area of the Yellow River since the middle Holocene.

Xixia (1038―1227 A D) was a non negligible local regime in Northwest China in the historical period of China. Its national strength was relatively weak, but its survival stage coexisted with several imperial regimes such as the Northern Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty and Mongolia for a long time, and through frequent wars, it settled in the northwest corner for centuries. Many scholars have made a variety of discussions on its survival. This paper selects the coexistence period of the two regimes from the actual formation of the independent regime in Xixia (982 A D) to the southern migration of the Song Dynasty (1127 A D) as the research period, analyzes the reasons for its founding from the perspective of human ecology, and discusses the reasons for the frequent wars between the early Xixia and the Northern Song Dynasty in combination with high-resolution climate data. Records of wars between Xixia and the Northern Song Dynasty were cited from credible historical documents. Each war record in the literature is regarded as an independent war, each independent war is assigned 1, the war frequency is defined as the sum of the number of independent wars in a year, and the war frequency curve is obtained. High-resolution paleoenvironmental records of lake and stalagmite or historic records from this area or surrounding regions were selected to give a solid climatic background of this time and space. Then, carefully contrast of the two series of evidence to check if there is some relevance between wars and climate. The research shows that due to its own geographic conditions, Xixia's life needs cannot all be self-sufficient, nor can it be obtained through normal trade, considering its poor relations with the Northern Song Dynasty during most of the time they co-existed. Under such ecological pressure, Xixia chose to enrich and expand its strength in the continuous war in order to survive, so as to support the war with war and finally establish the country. The relatively warm climate conditions provided the necessary material guarantee for the war of Xixia. As for the three largest battles between Xia and the Northern Song Dynasty, it can be attributed to the material shortage caused by the deterioration of climate and environment and the social pressure brought by it. Other wars do not stem from the deterioration of environmental conditions, which may be due to the internal political and social factors of Xixia.

Comprehensively using multi-source remote sensing satellite data, the interannual trends in the area of water bodies in the Tarim River Basin and its various water systems from 1989 to 2019 and the impact of surface water changes of each water system on groundwater in a typical area (Lop Nur) under the influence of climate change and ecological water diversion were analyzed. The results of the study show that: 1) The surface water area of the Tarim River Basin has been increasing in a significant trend the surface water area of the Tarim River Basin has been increasing significantly in the last three decades; 2) Precipitation is the main climatic factor causing changes in surface water area in the basin, while ecological water transfer affects the spatial distribution pattern of surface water in the basin; 3) The changes in the growth of surface water in each water system in the basin have a significant effect on the recovery of groundwater reserves in the Lop Nor area. The research results of this paper are of great significance for understanding the long-term changes of the surface-groundwater system in the Tarim River Basin and formulating a scientific and reasonable water resources development and utilization strategy.

The number and direction of China's population movements have changed substantially in the last few decades, which caused constant spatial restructuring. Migration is often a multi-stage process that migrants that migrantes may continue an onward migration after their fiyst spatial movement. However, existing studies have paid little attention to such dynamic processes. To fill this research gap, this paper analyzes the dynamic trajectory of migration and the network features of the spatial pattern, and further explores the influencing factors of the spatial choice of the onward migration by using social network analysis and the nested Logit model. The main findings are as followings: 1) The onward migration often occurs within ten years after the primary migration, with a decreasing migration distance. The majority of these onward migrants are married and tend to mirgate with family when they move again. It is also important to note that the onward migration does not always involve movement from cities in a lower hierarchy to a higher one, but presenting diversified patterns; 2) The primary migration network shows a very obvious cross-shaped diamond structure with the center of gravity to the east and south, while in the onward migration, the horizontal linkage becomes weaker, showing fewer pair cities with flows; 3) Spatial choices of onward migration are influenced by both individual and urban factors, among which the average wage in the destination city has the most significant influence, followed by individual characteristics and other urban factors. The higher the education level, the higher the administrative rank of migrants' place of origin, and the younger the onward migrants are in occupations requiring higher professional and technical knowledge and within the working age, the more they tend to flow to a Tier-one city. Based on the above empirical findings, the study further proposes relevant recommendations for different types of cities considering the characteristics of migration process: First, the cities with strong population attractiveness should actively improve facilities, public service conditions and enhance governance to increase the carrying capacity of the population. Second, different cities should be clear about the differences between themselves and other popular cities where the migrants tend to move. Given that migrants are more likely to choose destinations within the urban cluster in onward migration, the cities belonging to the cluster should utilize the population spillover effect of the core cities. They should actively adjust the industrial structure to promote the development of industries with obvious income pulling effect, strengthen the comprehensive urban governance capacity, and create ample urban amenities to attract the population. In view of the visible trend of family migration, cities should introduce corresponding policies in public services.

Resilience is the basic attribute of the rural system, which reflects the rural system's response to external disturbances and shocks. High resilience rural has the ability to maintain system stability, minimize losses, and make comprehensive transformation and development. Rural resilience is the frontier direction of rural study. This article uses the CiteSpace to analyze papers on rural resilience domestic and abroad that has published before January 28, 2022. By drawing knowledge map, this paper aims to show the rural resilience study development process, research hotspots, latest directions and trends of future research. The study found that: 1) Foreign rural resilience study has established a complete knowledge system, which extends from basic concepts, theories and empirical studies to climate change, environmental protection, biodiversity and other fields. All these investigated rural resilience under different shocks. 2) The research on rural resilience domestic is still in initial stage, whose topic is few and scattered. The article indicates that future research should make full use of big data and simulation technology to reveal the evolution of rural systems, resilience thresholds and development shortage as well as rural resilience building under multiple stressors for rural revitalization and high quality development.

By constructing an industrial ecological index, the industrial ecological level could be measured in 57 counties in the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin from 2005 to 2020. The spatial Dubin model is used to verify the spatial overflow effect and explore the spatial transmission mechanism. The results were as follows: The spatial differentiation pattern of ''center-peripheral'' gradient diffusion is significant. Industrial ecologization has significant spatial relevance, and the overall trend is transitioning to balance. The spatial radiation range of industrial ecologization is expanding, and the self-organization and spatial variability of industrial ecological space among counties continues to increase. The stepped terrain pattern gradually transitions to a gentle trend surface, whereas the radiation effect shows a decreasing characteristic in all directions of the geographical space with the expansion of the distance from the central area; There are significant positive spatial spillover effects on industrial ecologization, among which the development level, structural upgrade, and vitality of the industrial system and the environmental governance of the ecological environment system have obvious positive promoting effects, while the resource consumption and pollution emission of the ecological environment system have a certain inhibitory effect. The result of the interaction and effect of various factors and dynamics finally forms its spatial transmission path and mechanism.

The development of rural territorial functions is closely related to the realization of the strategic goal for rural revitalization. The rural territorial functional structure system is constructed from the 5 dimensions: Agricultural production, non-agricultural production, life support ecological conservation and cultural landscape. Based on functional value method, the rural regional functions at county scale in Yunnan Province is calculated, and its spatial differentiation characteristics are analyzed. Then using the stepwise regression model and geographic weighted regression model (GWR), the influencing mechanism of the rural territorial functions is explored. On this basis, the self-organizing feature map (SOFM) neural network and the geographical detector model are used to identify the functional regionalization and propose the rural revitalization path. The results show that: 1) The rural territorial functions in Yunnan Province were great differences in comprehensive functional values and each dimension functions values among different counties (districts and cities). High-value regions were gathered in central, eastern and southwest Yunnan, and low-value regions were gathered in northwest and northeast Yunnan. 2) Population urbanization and scale industrial enterprises were the external driving forces of Yunnan's rural regional functions. Within the rural regional system, there were positive effects of rural labor, cultivated area, rural road network construction, health and medical services, and inhibitory responses of internal heterogeneity. There were spatial gradient differences in the intensity of the internal and external dual effects. 3) The rural regional functions of Yunnan Province were divided into five categories by using the best classified marginal benefits, and then the development directions of rural areas were clarified. Based on the influence mechanism of regionalization, multiple paths of rural revitalization were put forward, which were consolidation, development, promotion, deepening and leading. The development direction of rural revitalization was clarified by functional structure classification, and the implementation path of rural revitalization is analyzed by functional mechanism difference, which can provide beneficial enlightenment for rural revitalization of ethnic regions in Southwest China.

Since digital platforms play an increasingly important role in urban governance/management and experiences, in the past two decades, human geographers have paid active attention to how geographical knowledge is produced by the digital in the mundane and how the digital is mediating the production of space and transforming the relations between human and space. Resonating with this trend, this research explores the sociocultural patterns of daily mobilities with the assistance of digital platforms based on the concept of platform urbanism, aimed to reveal the interactions between digital subjects, platforms, and urban space during this process. The analysis in this article is based on a fieldwork in urban Guangzhou consisting of questionnaire survey, semi-structured interviews, and participant observations. The main results of this fieldwork not only provide a general portrait of digital platform use in daily travel, such as the types of platforms applied in practice and their corresponding usage frequency, but also is beneficial to better understand how digital platforms are integrated into daily mobilities in an unconscious, contingent, creative and momentary way through details like gestures, habits, emotional experience presented in the combined data. Generally, the key findings of this article have demonstrated that digital platforms have already gained broad use in daily mobilities in Guangzhou. Nevertheless, specific details about how people make use of digital platforms while planning or managing daily mobilities still vary from the demographic patterns, especially among those groups with different ages and different degrees of education. Simultaneously, the diversity and the complexity of the daily mobilities associated with digital platforms can also be attributed to the social-spatial contexts of the practice, which have an important influence on shaping different types of platform-mediated mobilities, including purposive mobilities, contingent mobilities, flexible mobilities, and the way they interweave during the process of daily mobilities. Ultimately, this article argues that daily travel is a social and digital practice that forges multiplex interactions between people, digital platforms, and urban space through two patterns: "guide" and "adaption". In the former, the use of digital platforms can guide the way in which daily mobilities are conducted by strengthening or weakening people's (digital) skills, such as collecting information, making travel plans, telling directions, experiencing and producing places. While in the latter, as a result of the highly accidental, incomplete, uncertain interactions between people, platforms, and space, failures emerging from daily mobilities would encourage users to explore their creative and resistant tactics to improve the effects of platform use. Aimed to identify the roles people, digital platforms, and urban space played respectively in mobilities in Guangzhou, this article allows us to witness how platform urbanism contributes to completing the past research on the relations between daily travel and technology, thus offering a significant insight into the further exploration of daily practice mediated by digital platforms and the construction of human-oriented smart cities in the future.

In this article, hourly temperature during 1961—2019 and socio-economic data from 2000 to 2019 in 6 cities of Qinghai province were analyzed to evaluate the effect of climate change and urbanization on cooling degree hours, aiming at determining the requirement of air-conditioning in summer in response to the climate warming in plateau region of Qinghai. The results show that the cooling hour degrees significantly increase in all the selected cities with climate change, with the increasing rates from 1.1(℃·h)/10a (Yushu) to 124.2(℃·h)/10a (Ledu). Moreover, the increasing rates decrease with the rising of elevation. Except for Qilian and Yushu, the cooling degree hours mainly exist at 11:00-18:00, with significant increase in recent 10 years in Golmud, Gonghe, Sining and Ledu. For the duration of hourly temperature over 26℃ in a day, it could last 1-2 hours in Qilian, Yushu and Gonghe, much less than the duration of 11-14 hours in Sining, Golmud and Ledu. Additionally, cooling degree hours are associated with the scale of city development, i.e., the more dwellers, the larger cooling degree hours, and vice versa. This study reveals that climate warming has exactly led to an increase in the number of cooling degree hours in some cities of the Qinghai Plateau, which has a certain demand for summer air conditioning. Climate characteristics and urban development both affect the summer air conditioning in the Qinghai plateau region.

The merger of prefecture level cities is a new form of administrative division adjustment. Simultaneously, it can be seen as a process of scale rescaling including multi-dimensional social relations. Based on the theory of scale rescaling and the empirical case of administrative division adjustment of Jinan and Laiwu, the article constructs an analytical framework to explore the process and logic of the ''merger of two cities'' from three dimensions of power, capital and perception. The results show that, firstly, the Jinan government has adjusted its functions through scaling up and down of power, ensured the smooth transfer of power, and achieved the rescaling of power. Secondly, the government has implemented policy of industrial optimization and differentiated layout, and achieved the rescaling of capital through driving industrial upgrading and enterprise relocation. Thirdly, through the built environment transformation, such as roads, communication and ecological facilities, and through the integration of public services, cultural and tourism resources, the government has reshaped the residents' sense of place and achieved the rescaling of perceive. In the process of ''merger of two cities'', the coupling coordination of three-dimensional factors of power, capital and perception has improved the scale and hierarchy of Jinan and Laiwu, and achieved the rescaling of space. Consequently, it gives impetus to the completion of the administrative division adjustment and the high-quality urban development. This research has enriched scale theory by constructing the muti-dimensional framework of scale rescaling, and deepened the understanding of process and mechanism of administrative division adjustment.