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  • 1998 Volume 18 Issue 3
    Published: 20 May 1998
      
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  • PIONEER OF STUDIES ON MAN-EARTH AREAL SYSTEM——Celebrating the 80th Birthday of the Aacademician of CAS, Wu Chuanjun
    Huang Xichou, Tong Lianjun
    1998, 18(3): 197-198. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1998.03.197
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  • PROFESSOR HUANG BINGWEI’S CONTRIBUTIONS TO CHINA’S AGRICULTURE AND GEOGRAPHY
    Tang Dengyin
    1998, 18(3): 199-204. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1998.03.199
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    This paper is divided into four parts: (1) the brilliant march; (2) the unique research work; (3) the complete academic thought system; (4) the heartening spirit.The author briefly reviews Prof. Huang’s research work related to agricutlure which is the main component of his scientific activities. About 50 years of research work have been experienced in agriculture. Wide range of topics was concerned. His research work in agriculture resulted in great influence on China’s agricultural practice and geographical development.In the second part of this paper the author thinks that Huang’s research work has the following characteristics: (1) the practicability, (2) breaking through the constraints of traditional geography, (3) doing researches in the front of era, (4) observing agriculture with the view of wide angle, (5) experimentation.In the third part the author analysizes Huang’s academic thought system consisting of the following components: (1) the integration is the base for geography, (2) the core task of integration is to discove the relationship of the geographical components, processes, and between them, (3) the approach to enhance the capability of geography depends on the analysis under the guidance of integration, (4) application of integration thought to the geographical complex in the defferent spatial scale, (5) the resolution of the practical problems needs integration, (6) a long way to go to reach the integration.Finally, Huang’s spirit would encourage the geographers. Some aspects of Huang’s spirit include: (1) loving our homeland and devoting himself to agriculture, (2) continuously bringing in the creation to his research work, (3) deep theoretical thought.
  • RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF WATER ENVIRONMENT CAPACITY OF RIVERS IN CHINA AND MACROLAYOUT OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIVITY
    Bao Quangsheng, Jiang Wenlai
    1998, 18(3): 205-212. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1998.03.205
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    Based on the analysis of contradictory relation between economic development and water environment capacity of rivers in various regions of China, the relation between water environment capacity and macrolayout of productivity is revealed. In addition, strategy on making macro-layout of productivity and regulating industrial structure according to water environment capacity of rivers is approached. It is pointed out that water environment capacity has important restrictive effect on macro-layout of productivity. So when macro-layout of industrial productivity is made, carrying capacity of water environment has to be fully considered at the same time, so as to ensure optimum environmental benefit with minimum economic cost. As a result, sustainable and coordinative development of economy and water environment can be reached, regional economic growth can be enhanced.
  • MODIFICATION OF AGRICULTURE LANDSCAPE IN THREE RIVERS AREA IN XIZANG
    Wang Jiaji, Gao Jixi, Shu Jianmin, Jian Xiaodong, Li Jingrong, Chang Hong, Tong Yan
    1998, 18(3): 213-218. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1998.03.213
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    The three rivers area is the rapid economic development area in Xizang. As the weather is frigid with frequent wind and little rain, the ecological environment condition in the area is extremely bad, and the resistance and rehabilitation ability of landscape system is weak. Therefore, in the implementation of agriculture development program in the area, it is advisable to adopt the traditional method of wasteland reclamation, instead, the a-griculture landscape in the area should be modified. The primary contents of the modification plan are implementing modern agricultural technology to improve the current fields with high yield to the fields with high and stable yield, improve the middle and low-yield fields to the high-yield fields with irrigation system and transform the dry land on the slopes, non-smooth land and dry land with non-importance to the residences’ living to the forest land and grassland. So the problem of food demand will be solved and the degenerating trend of ecological environment will be controlled.
  • CLIMATIC CHANGE DURING THE LAST 2000 YEARS IN JIANGSU PROVINCE
    Chen Jiaqi, Jiang Tong, Xu Pengzhu
    1998, 18(3): 219-226. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1998.03.219
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    One series of temperature index and two series of flood/drought degrees in the north and south of Jiangsu Province are established. The major conclusions are as fllows.1. Since 200 A. D. until the end of 14 th century, it was warm in the former period and cold in the later period. There were three coldest sub-periods in the later period, for instance, from the end of 15 century to the beginning of the 16 th century, middle and later period of 17 th century, middle and later period of 19 th century.2. There was a heavy drought period from the end of 12 th century to the beginning of 13 th century since 800 A.D.. And then a relative humid period occurred from the middle and later period of 13 th century to the middle of 17 th century when a huge climatic abrupt (from the 1230’s to the 1260’s) happened since the last 2000 years in the south of Jiangsu Province.3. There was a relative drought period in the north of Jiangsu Province from the end of 16 th century to the beginning of 20 th century since 1400 A.D., and relative humid forwards and afterwards.4. The change of temperature can be divided 4 stages during the last 100 years, in which mean annual temperature obviously rose after the end of the 1980’s. Annual precipitation is typically shown on the periodicity of 30 years and 11 years in the southern and northern Jiangsu Province respectively. At present, the precipitation is shown in the normal and much more situation.
  • THE CHARACTERISTICS AND VERTICAL ZONE SPECTRUM OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN THE TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS, XINJIANG
    Xiong Heigang, Liu Gengnian, Cui Zhijiu
    1998, 18(3): 227-233. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1998.03.227
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    With the mountain elevation increase and climate condition change, the rule of distribution, happening and development of the various natural disasters, which is caused by climate, produce some change and form the vertical zone spectrum of special mountain natural disasters. This research is helpful to finding effective variety measures of prevention disasters, avoiding and reducing the harm of natural disasters. There are 12 types of disasters in Tianshan Mountains, they can be divided three zones.1. Base zone (torrential rain-collapse zone): The various disasters of this zone are caused by sudden precipitation in the low-middle mountain of the arid area. The disasters occur mainly from May to August. Thus, the frequency period of their hurst is simultaneous with the maximum period of precipitation in every year.2. Middle zone (snowmelt water-icing zone): Most disasters, which happen in the middle-high mountain area, have close relation with variation of temperature. The kinds of disasteres include destruction of thawing snow water, iceing damage, glacial debrisflow, glacial lake burst, thawing sinking, snow drift of middle mountain and middle mountain avalanche.3. Upper zone (snow drift-avalanche zone) : The movement of snow creates disaster in this zone. There are snow drifts of high mountain above the wooded-line in mountain and the avalanches of high mountain, which is above 3500 meters and mainly form in summer.
  • ON THE URBAN INTERNAL STRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION AND SUBURBANIZATION IN DALIAN CITY
    Cao Guangzhong, Chai Yanwei
    1998, 18(3): 234-241. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1998.03.234
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    Urban internal structure can be regarded as the spatial reflection of social and economic activities in urban area. According to the model of spatial changes of population and economic activities, the process of urbanization can be divided into three stages: typical urbanization stage in which agglomeration is the main power, initial suburbanization stage in which agglomeration and dispersion are also important, and typical suburbanziation stage in which dispersion is the dominant character. Accompanied with these urbanization stages there are three types of urban internal structure: one center and mixed land-use pattern, transformation pattern from one center to multiple nucleus and multiple nucleus, specialized land-use pattern.Dalian City was selected as a case in this paper, and the land-use maps of 1980 and 1989 were collected. According to the land-use patterns in different periods, the urban area can be divided into three zones. After discussing the transformation of land-use structure of Dalian City since the 1980’ s by analyzing the changes of the degree of mixed land-use in every zone, the model of urban internal structure for Dalian City is summarized. The conclusion is that Dalian City is in a transitional period of urban internal structure, and suburbanization in Dalian City is the result of the urban internal structure’s transformation.
  • APPLICATION OF FRACTAL METHOD TO PREDICTION OF FLOOD DISASTER——A CASE STUDY ON WUZHOU CITY, GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION
    Wang Liangjian, Peng Buzhuo
    1998, 18(3): 242-248. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1998.03.242
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    The flood disaster, caused by rainstorm and flood, is a sudden and the most common natural disaster. The occurrence of the flood disaster is neither of full certainty nor of thorough haphazard. It is both periodic and chaotic. It reappears on the different time scale and has the self-similarity. So the occurrence of the flood disaster has the fractal characteristics on time sequence. Wuzhou City is in the southeast of Guangxi. With the disproportionate distribution of the time and space of precipitation, susceptibility to the typhoon plus its location at the lower reaches of three rivers, with 90 percent of the river’s water flowing into Guangdong by the Xunhe River, the flood disaster frequently occurred in the history. This paper establishes the catastrophic time sequence with the years of the greatest flood disasters since 1949. The time sequence of the flood disaster is simulated by the rescaled range analysis of the fractional Brownian motion model and the ’H’ exponent is calculated and the power function of ’R(τ)/S(τ)’ is established. According to this calculation, the next disaster will appear in 1999.
  • THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIMATIC FLUCTUATION RECORDED BY SOIL FORMATION SINCE LATE PLEISTOCENE IN EAST REGION OF QAIDAM BASIN
    Hao Yongping, Fang Xiaomin, Xi Xiaoxia, Hu Shuangxi, Guang Donghong
    1998, 18(3): 249-254. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1998.03.249
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    Based on TL-dating, 14C-dating, soil macro-structure and physical-chemical analyses of samples from the Angutan section, the east region of Qaidam Basin, the following conclusions are proved. Since the Late Pleisto-cence, the climate has fluctuated several times, revealing the intensity of East Asia moonsoon system. Temperature and precipitation in the climate system didn’t coincide with each other. When summer moonsoon was relatively strong, the precipitation increased; the pedogenic properties of Sm indicated that precipitation was also an important factor in the humid climate episode from 50 to 30 ka. B. P., except for the factor of low temperature.
  • AN ANALYSIS ON THE SIZE COMBINATION AND SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER PORT SYSTEM IN ANHUI PROVINCE
    Cao Youhui
    1998, 18(3): 255-262. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1998.03.255
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    To study the law of regional port system is great significance, both in theory and practicae. The main purpose of this research is to study the regional differences and dynamic evolution of the size combination and spatial structure of the Changjiang River port system in Anhui Province.By calculating the concerned statistics, the author holds that there are obvious regional disparities of port distribution and its size not only between the south and north banks but also among sub-regions. The regional differences of the size combination and spatial sturcture of the port system and their causes are analysed with the aid of multiple-regression analysis in which 16 counties and cities along the Changjiang River in Anhui Province are as the cases. Calculated results show that the cause of formation is mutual interaction between the law of port development and four economic factors-level of urbanization, communication condition, total output value of industry and agriculture and industry output value per capita in the cities.The development and changes of the port system could be divided into three stages. 1 Embryonic stage, from the end of the Ming Dynasty to the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the port system did not exist hierarchies and its spatial structure was characterized by a stable decentralized state. 2 Initial forming stage, after the middle of the Qing Dynasty it had single rank hierarchies and a unstable centralized spatial state. 3 Forming stage, since the 1950s the port system’s evolution has been characterized by multiple hierarchies and a more centralized spatial structure.Using the Gini coefficient, it can be seen that port traffic has generally become more concentrated from 1985 to 1995. During this time, however, deconcentration to some extent also existed sometimes.
  • PRELIMINARY STUDY ON NON-POINT SOURCES POLLUTION IN THE CHAOHU LAKE DRAINAGE BASIN
    Yan Wujiu, Wang Xinyuan
    1998, 18(3): 263-267. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1998.03.263
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    Chaohu Lake is one of the five largest fresh water lakes in China, it is being polluted and eutrophication is very serious now. This paper deals comprehensively with the physical-geographic features and social economic situation in the Chaohu Lake drainage basin. On the basis of this, correspondence analysis technique was applied to the correlational analysis between the salt load of surface water runoff and each type of land use, thus providing scientific basis for the control of the non-point sources pollution on the Chaohu Lake drainage basin.
  • STUDY ON THE SECONDARY SALINE-ALKALIZATION OF LAND IN SONGNEN PLAIN
    Li Qusheng, Qiu Shanwen, Deng Wei
    1998, 18(3): 268-272. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1998.03.268
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    This paper analyzed the distribution and the change trend of the saline-alkalized land in Songnen Plain since the 1950s using the data of the first and second soil investigation and the Landsat images in the 1990s. We conclude that the secondary saline-alkalized land here increased 1% - 1.4% per year. Through field investigation and sampling, we analyzed the reasons of saline-alkalization and proposed that the saline-alkalization of wetland was one of the main types and the main characteristic of the wetland degradation. According to the practical experience and achievements of the study on the saline-land management and agricultural sustainable development in Da’an Demonstration Region, we proposed the management techniques such as planting paddy field, reed and grass, forbiddening grassland, using straw to raise livestock and improving soil.
  • TOWARDS A NEW ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY TEXTBOOK IN CHINA: A REVIEW OF THOSE IN UK AND USA AND SOME SUGGESTIONS
    Li Xiaojian
    1998, 18(3): 273-278. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1998.03.273
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    The commonly used textbooks of economic geography in UK and USA in the past 10 years are categorised into theoretical analysis dominated, economic sector structured, major practical problem emphasized, and all above combined. In comparison, the current used textbooks of the same kind in China are very weak in the theoretical and methodological analysis. The development in the past decade in the international academia hardly appears in the related texts. It is true that internationally economic geography holds a weaker position in theory as compared with other disciplines. It is also true that in China the status turns to even weaker than in the more developed world. Therefore, in order to narrow the gap the new textbook of economic geography should emphasise theoretical and methodological analysis. In consideration of the difference from the Western world in development phase and social and economic systems, the theories that suit China’s current reality should be paid more attention to. Those that can not be used in present China but reflect the directions of progress in the field should also briefly appear in the new textbook. As a textbook used in China the contributions by Chinese geographers should be considered in detail. The main purpose is to give students tools to solve problems not just some economic geographical facts. Therefore, the exercise and practical works should be carried along with the theoretical explanation and methodological analysis. In addition, it is suggested that the new textbook use more figures, maps and tables to demonstrate the theories that usually be considered very dry by students.
  • STUDY ON MECHANIC GEOCHEMICAL BARRIERS IN SOILS OF ARID-DESERT LANDSCAPES IN TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS, XINJIANG
    Huang Biao, Gong Zitong, Huang Yue
    1998, 18(3): 279-287. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1998.03.279
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    Mechanic geochemical barriers are the main types of geochemical barriers. There are two forms of mechanic geochemical barriers on the basis of author’s researches. The first mechanic geochemical barrier is formed by change of water-flow velocity, which is distributed in exit of river or depress along piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains. The second one is formed by decrease of air-flow velocity due to resistance of the mountains, which is distributed along margins of the Tianshan Mountains. The studies on element geochemistry and availability show that Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Li, K, Ba, B and F are accumulated in mechanic geochemical barriers due to accumulation of clay in soils. The availabilities of B, Cu, Fe are increased with their total contents. The availability of F is affected by the other factors besides its total content, resulting in complex changes in soils. These conclusions have great values for evaluation of environmental quality and planting and fertilizing according to soil types in agriculture.
  • THE DISCOVERY OF BEACHROCK IN LIANYUNGANG OF JIANGSU
    Li Chunsheng
    1998, 18(3): 288-292. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.1998.03.288
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    Holocene beachrock was fired found in places along the coast of Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province. According to analysis, beachrock is mabe up of terringenous clastic and bioclast, the cement are mainly aragonite and high Mg calcite. 14C dating data of beachrock samples show that Lianyungang beachrock formed in the Early Holocene. The temperature when the Lianyungang beachrock formed was 8 - 10℃ higher than now. In this paper, the author has made a preliminary study on the Early Holocene changes of paleoclimate, change of dynamic condition, shifting of coast line and paleogeography environments etc.