Abstract: China has rich peat reserves distributed widely. The peat properties vary greatly with regions and types. Based on the correlation analysis, organic matter, humic acid, decomposition degree and acidity are considered asthe basic natures and main properties of peat. According to statistics andquantitative grade, China’s peat is characterized by weak acidness, mediumdecomposition degree, middle organic content and high humic acid content, which result from the conditions of peat formation and development peculiar to China. The main properties of peat in various regions are obviously different. The peats both on the northeast mountains and the Qingzang Plateau have similar properties, but on the northeast mountains the peat with relatively high organic content is weakly acid to acid, herb, wood and moss peats all can be found; while on the Qingzang plateau peat is neutral to alkaline, mainly herbaceous. The peat in the North China Plain is high ash content, low humic acid content, high decomposition degree, nearly neutral, mainly herbaceous. The peat in the middle and lower Changjiang region is weak acidness and middle organic content. There are not only wood and herb peats with high decomposition degree and high contents of organic matter and humic acid, but also some moss peat.