Abstract: The analysis and calculation of agricultural drought is a quite important problem for agricultural and water conservancy planning, engineering designs and further development in agriculture. But as we know, it is a very difficult problem and has not been well studied yet. It has been gradually known form data that drought, as well as flood, has tremendous destructive effects. From the beginning of the twentieth century to 1960s, the United States, the Soviet Union, Australia, India and Britain etc. carried out some drought studies with rainfall, temperature, evaporation, soil moisture and parameters of crop as main factors. From 1970s, mathematical models have been developed for drought analysis and calculation, and some agrometeorological studies on drought have been conducted too. China has a long history in studying agricultutral drought. Early in 1960s, agencies of water conservancy and meteorological servie developed some such works. This paper attempts to introduce briefly the development of drought study from the view point of agricultural drought.