Abstract: The stratigraphic division and sporo-pollen analysis reveal the change process of vegetation and climate at Dadiwan Neolithic site last 1000 years,show the environmental background of villages in the Neolithic age,indicating that the Dadiwan culture stage (7800-7350 years B.P.) was formed in a warm-humid deduous broadleaf forest environment,the Yangshao culture stage(6500-5000 years B.P.)formed in a relative cold-arid environment,and the Changshan culture stage (5000-4900 years B.P.) formed in a warm-humid deduous broadleaf forest environment. The Yangshan culture (6800-5000 years B.P.) along the Huanghe River drainage area was not formed in"the most suitable stage"of the Holocene,but in a semi-arid steppe and forest steppe environment with a bad climate.