Abstract: The Tumen River region plays an important role in the economic expoitation belt along the border. The wise use of water resource is the main factor which defines the regional sustained development. Based on analysis of the regional water resource system and the current situation of water resource exploitation and utilization, the paper discusses the development potentiality of the regional water resource, the influence of water resource on the regional exploitation and countermeasures in detail. The results indicate that although there is a large amount of water in this region, the water resource which can be exploited is limited. The paper also predicts that the demand of water quantity in 2010 will surpass the capacity of the regional water resource exploitation. Meanwhile, the water environment is being polluted and the water resource potentiality declines apparently in the region.