Abstract: In this paper, the atuthors describe an economic phenomenon Shaanxi phenomenon: rich in natural resources, strong in science-technology, but poor in economic development, the economic position in the country has declined in recent years; and hold that its reason is non-optimization of resources allocation. Then the authors discuss the optimization of resources allocation from three principles such as maxinum rate of final goods, comparative advantage and specialization; point out that the ways to accelerate the economic development of Shaanxi Province are to give full play to advance for technology, change economic development way to equilibrium growth.