地理科学 ›› 2000, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 362-367.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.04.362

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

松嫩平原西部盐沼的形成与演化

李取生, 邓伟, 钱贞国   

  1. 中国科学院长春地理研究所, 长春130021
  • 收稿日期:1998-11-16 修回日期:2000-04-08 出版日期:2000-07-20 发布日期:2000-07-20
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院湖沼基金二期支持项目的部分成果

Study on the Formation and Changes of Saline-Alkaline Mire in Songnen Plain

Li Qu-sheng, Den Wei, Qian Zheng Zhen-guo   

  1. Changchun Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130021
  • Received:1998-11-16 Revised:2000-04-08 Online:2000-07-20 Published:2000-07-20

摘要: 本文运用环境变迁的理论和方法,较系统地分析了松嫩平原西部盐沼的形成与演变机制。本区沼泽形成的主要控制因素是古河道变迁、新构造运动、风力作用、古气候变化。沼泽残余盐碱化与晚更新世松辽大湖的消亡、河道变迁有关,现代盐碱化则主要是水利工程、植被破坏和气候变化引起的,而且呈迅速加剧的趋势。防治沼泽盐碱化的主要措施是实施水稻和芦苇开发、大规模建立蓄洪区和自然保护区。

Abstract: The saline-sodic mires with areas of 578000 hm2 in the western Songnen Plain are one kind of the important land resources and the most prospective landscape.However, they faced to rapid development of salinisation and degradation of ecological function.The study of the formation and changes processes is significant for saline-sodic mires management.In this paper the mechanism of saline-sodic mire formation and development was analyzed systematically using the methodology and theory of environmental change.The genesis of the mire here are:① uneven subsidence of the crust caused by Neo-tectonic movement, ② widespread distributed paleo-river channels and water-logged lands caused by frequently river channel changes since Late Pleistocene, ③ wind erosion resulted in the eolian water-logged land mires, ④ paleo-climate also caused the mire changes.The processes of mire salinisation include historical relic salinisation and modern salinisation.The mechanism of historical relic salinisation is the long term accumulation of salts because of the evaporation in the closed lake basins formed after the disappearance of paleo-Songliao Big Lake, the logged lands formed by river channel changes and eolian erosion.In this area there was a lake as big as 50,000km2 during early Pleistocene and middle Pleistocene.Since late Pleistocene this lake disappeared and formed lot of small closed shallow ponds or water-logged lands because of upward crust movement and sedimentation.For example in Dapushu Lake the total dissolved salt in sediments is as high as 6mg/kg, PH as high as 10.3.The paleo-river channel changes also played substantial role in mire salinisation.Since late Pleistocene about 40 big river channel changes occurred and formed large area of closed lakes.The modern process of mire salinisation is caused by the dwindling of fresh water supplement and damps of the drainage after construction of dams of the rivers and reservoirs.For example in low Taoerhe River reach, the water total salt content floodplain is two times of that in channel because of river dams.The drought and destroyed vegetation also accelerated this process.The effective measures of protection salinisation and mire management are planting paddies, irrigating reds using floods and setting up nature reserves.

中图分类号: 

  • S156.4+1