Abstract: West China goes across 10 provinces,with an area of about 5.43?106km² and 2.85 ?10⁸ population ,which accounts for 56.6% of the total area and 22.8% of the total population of China respectively, West China hasa vast area and is the most vulnerable ecological area. The natural geomorphology of Northwest China and Southwest China is widely different. The vulnerably ecological characteristics of West China are severe water and soil erosion, continually developed desertification, low vegetable coverage, increasingly degenerated grasslands, lack of water resource in Northwest China, frequently occurred landslide and mud-rock flow, and so on. Ecological construction is very important to the sustainable development of West China region.Based on the assessment of the eco-environmental status of West China, the issues that existed in the ecological construction and the urgent scientific, social and economic problems that needed to be solved are analyzed in this paper. The aim of ecological construction in West China is also put forward in the paper. In the end, the authors propose some proposals for the policy of the ecological construction in West China in the first half of the 21st century.