Abstract: Although the work of research and rehabilitation of land desertification in China have passed half a century, the desertified land, however, is still spreading at 2460km² annually, and still have the trends of accelerating deterioration. Therefor we are required to look back the former research and rehabilitation work we have done, and to find the sticking point of land desertification. Contemporary desertification is caused mostly by undermine of human livelihoods to natural resource, and the essential reason is the excessive pressure of population. While the current instruments cannot resolve the key problem. The theory of deserticulture will combine the desertification prevention and cure with the economic development tightly, and will provide a brand-new method for the desertification prevention and cure and the economic development in China.