地理科学 ›› 2000, Vol. ›› Issue (6): 563-568.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.06.563

• 研究报道 • 上一篇    下一篇

旅游目的地形象的空间认知过程与规律

李蕾蕾   

  1. 深圳大学文学院传播系, 广东 深圳 518060
  • 收稿日期:2000-01-14 修回日期:2000-02-24 出版日期:2000-11-20 发布日期:2000-11-20

A Discussion on Spatial Rules of Tourist Destination's Image Perception

LI Lei-lei   

  1. Communication Department, College of Arts, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060
  • Received:2000-01-14 Revised:2000-02-24 Online:2000-11-20 Published:2000-11-20

摘要: 旅游目的地形象的认知规律是形象定位及其传播策略的基础。从旅游目的地的地理空间属性出发,结合地理学关于地域空间的等级层次性和地域分异规律的基本观点,探讨了旅游者形成旅游目的地形象的基本空间过程和规律。认为旅游者对目的地的位置及其内涵等空间形象特征的认知,满足一种依据地域空间等级层次而展开的认知链过程,在此基础上,遵从旅游地形象认知的背景律、接近律、相似律及其形象替代等空间规律;而旅游者与目的地的距离,特别是感知距离以及旅游者所拥有的关于目的地的信息,分别对旅游地形象认知具有不同而复杂的修正作用;由于地域分异所形成的地方性,则成为旅游者对目的地形象之内容进行精确认知的基础,旅游者通过对旅游地的类型和地理文脉的认知,形成旅游地的类型形象和"地方性"形象。

Abstract: Image study is a popular theme in many disciplines because of the wide range of the perceptional objects. The image to a person, the image to a piece of art like a photograph, a picture or a novel and the image to a corporation or the image to an area like a city, a district, a country or a people, can all be studied academically in sociology, economics, literature, art, management, urban studies and tourism geography. However, geographical image studies both in and out of China have not yet attracted enough attentions to the geographical attributes and spatial process of the image object. In this paper, based on the idea of tourist destinations as a type of geographical areas, the author tries to discuss and deduce the spatial process and rules of how tourists percept destinations. The paper begins with a general introduction on principles of regions' hierarchy and spatial differentiation in geography. Based on the basic idea of space and region in geography, it is proposed that there exists a kind of 'areas ladder' constructed by areas hierarchy. With such a ladder in the mind, tourists can percept the geographic sites of all kinds of potential destinations. Such a ladder is named by the author as 'perceptional chain', which reflects the geographic context of regions in vertical hierarchy relationship, and has impacts on tourist image perception. Thereafter, three rules on the spatial characteristics of tourist destination image perception, namely, context rule, adjacent rule and resemble rule, can be deduced. As a result, image substitution in tourists' perception process can be easily understood. Context rule or context substitution can be used to explain that tourists tend to percept the higher destination in perceptional chain at first. That is to say, any area's image is cognized with the higher region as a background. Any one area can be understood only in the areas' context, and it is easier for people to know and remember the larger and higher areas in the ladder. Tourists tend to percept the images of lower regions as the images of higher regions if they don't know well these lower regions.As far as adjacent rule and resemble rule, the author notices that when tourists percept the regions in the same hierarchy or ladder, they tend to conceive these areas images as a unity if these areas are believed to be near in space or have some resemblance in natural or cultural elements. That is to say, one area's image can be conceived as another one if they are adjacent or resemble. Furthermore, distance between origin and destination, esp., cognition distance, as well as information possessed by tourists, has different and complex effects on image perception. A detailed discussion on these effects is also made in the paper. At the end part of the article, content perception of tourists to destinations image is analyzed and discussed on the basis of the conception of tourist destination typology and 'place identity' in geography. It is thought that tourists can get a more detailed and clearer image by the perception from the main destination types to the detailed place of destinations.

中图分类号: 

  • K901