Abstract: Marked by powerful environmental function and ecological benefits, wetlands play an extraordinary role in keeping the ecological balance on the surface of the earth. Study on wetlands had thus become a focus of academic community. Although abundant results are achieved, few research had been made from lake peasants' perception of wetland resources and environment so far in China. The paper takes a case of lake group along the Yangtze River in Anqing, and analyzes the condition of lake district peasants' perception of wetland resources and environment on the basis of on-the-spot questionnaires. Furthermore, the paper reaches some basic conclusions and proposes some suggestions and countermeasures for sustainable development of wetland resources and environment.