地理科学

地理科学 ›› 2004, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (1): 61-67.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2004.01.61

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑河下游额济纳绿洲现代荒漠化过程及其驱动机制

李森1,2, 李凡1, 孙武3, 李保生2,3   

  1. 1. 佛山大学旅游与资源环境系, 广东 佛山 528000;
    2. 中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪 地质国家重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710056;
    3. 华南师范大学地理系, 广东 广州 510631
  • 收稿日期:2003-07-21 修回日期:2003-10-09 出版日期:2004-01-20 发布日期:2004-01-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家重大基础研究规划项目"西北干旱区生态环境演变与调控"第二课题 (编号:G1999043502)。

Modern Desertification Process in Ejina Oasis and Its Dynamic Mechanism

LI Sen1,2, LI Fan1, SUN Wu3, LI Bao-Sheng2,3   

  1. 1. Department of Tourism, Resources and Environment, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054;
    3. Department of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
  • Received:2003-07-21 Revised:2003-10-09 Online:2004-01-20 Published:2004-01-20

PDF (PC)

赞

被引次数

83 | 41

摘要： 额济纳绿洲是发育在黑河下游内陆河三角洲上著名的天然绿洲。20世纪50年代以来,额济纳绿洲现代荒漠化过程加剧,绿洲萎缩,生态恶化。绿洲现代荒漠化过程是由水环境恶化过程、土壤干燥化过程、植被退化与生物多样性衰减过程、土地沙漠化过程和土壤盐碱化过程构成的地表动力学过程。导致额济纳绿洲荒漠化的驱动力是区域气候暖干化、强盛的风蚀侵蚀力、上中游过度开发水土资源的人为活动和额济纳绿洲内的"三滥"活动等。荒漠化驱动力的第一主成分与第二主成分的贡献率分别为59.276%和28.083%,反映出绿洲荒漠化驱动因子的多面性和综合性,绿洲内外过度的人为活动是其主导驱动因素。内在、外在驱动力在时间与空间上的耦合性是绿洲荒漠化的区域机制,驱动力因子团的互动-激发作用形成荒漠化的动力机制,驱动力与荒漠化土地间的响应形成正反馈机制,三种作用机制组合成绿洲现代荒漠化过程的复杂的驱动机制。

Abstract: The Ejina Oasis is a famous natural oasis that develops on inland river delta of the lower reaches of the Heihe River. Since the 1950s, its rapid desertification causes a decrease in the oasis area and degradation in ecological environment. The present desertification as a complicated dynamic process of the earth surface is characterized by the several degradation processes such as in water, vegetation, soil and biodiversity. In the process of desertification, the Ejina natural oasis has degraded systematically in the surface features, vegetation and the land biological productivity, and the area of the Ejina natural oasis has decreased to 3070 km2 from 3908 km2 in the 1960s, reduced by 21.44%. The reason for these is that many variables play a comprehensive role in the desertification of the Ejina Oasis, which include a warming and drying tendency in climate, strong erosion force, irrational utilization of water and land resources in the middle and upper reaches, and the three popular typical human activities of over cultivation, overgrazing and overhacking in the oasis. Based on the method of rotated PCA, the first tow factors respectively account for 59.276% and 28.083%, which implies that the modern desertification is due to many factors, but the factor of human activities in and outside the oasis leads the first. The warming and drying tendency in regional climate and the strong erosion force are the internal driving forces, but the excessive human activities in and outside the oasis is the external driving force. From analysis above, the paper finally come to a conclusion that the modern desertification mechanism is made of three ones: regional mechanism results from coupling of human and natural factors in temporal and spatial, which controls the changes of ecological environment and the humanitic and historical changes in the Ejina Oasis; dynamic mechanism from mutual interaction among driving factors, which is in chain reactions and becomes the direct driving force of the desertification; and the positive and negative feedback, which be of vicious circle, focus on the relation between the driving forces and the desertification.

中图分类号: 

  • X144/f323.211