“泥炭气候成因说”的探讨

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2006.03.321

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 文章从沼泽有机质积累的本质和泥炭的定义出发,通过对地带性气候与沼泽小气候、泥炭的现状分布与自然分布、"没有泥炭分布"地区与"不能形成泥炭"地区、地区差异与地带性分异规律等几对矛盾在泥炭形成与分布中的作用和地位的详细剖析,认为:各种地带性气候条件下都能因为地表积水而形成湿地小气候,不同地带内湿地小气候都具有湿润的特征;泥炭沼泽的形成与分布主要是与湿地小气候及积水厌氧环境有关,用与泥炭形成没有直接联系的地带性气候指标来研究泥炭形成与分布的规律性是不合逻辑的;地带性的水热条件主要对泥炭在不同地带的分布面积起到一定的控制作用;泥炭现状分布因为人类活动的影响已不是自然规律的表现,从不能反映泥炭形成与分布自然状况的泥炭现状分布来分析泥炭形成与分布的自然规律,显然也不能得出正确的结论;"没有泥炭分布"的地区并不是因为这里的水热条件组合不能形成泥炭,各自然地带内都可形成泥炭且所有地带内的泥炭特征都是相似的,没有必要将它们区别对待,这些事实说明"泥炭气候成因说"对泥炭形成与分布的规律性的解释是不合逻辑的,泥炭的分布不具有地带性的规律。

Abstract: Having specified the main viewpoints of "the theory on climate cause of peat forming", and based on the analysis on the peat definition and the essence of organism accumulation in mire, the paper dissertated detailedly the role of zonal climate on peatland formation and distribution, and suggested that the formation and distribution rule of peatlands are not controlled by zonal climate condition.The peatland distribution does not follow the zonal variation law.Having analyzed the role and status of several contradictions connected with the formation and distribution of peatlands, which included the oppositions of zonal climate and mire microclimate, the status quo of peat distribution and peat natural distribution, the regions of no peat distribution and the regions where peat can not form, and region difference and the zonal variation law, the conclusion suggested that the explanation for the formation and distribution rule supported by "the theory on climate cause of peat forming" is illogic.Mire microclimate can form in different climate zones, and they all have the characteristics of wetness.The formation and distribution of peatlands are mainly related with microclimate and anaerobic condition resulting from inundation.Because of the redistribution of surface water inundation is not controlled by precipitation, and some regions where precipitation is little can also be inundated, which resulted in the formation of peatlands.Zonal air temperature and precipitation may affect the area of peatlands in different zones, but under the zonal climate condition, zonal natural complex should be developed, which illuminated that the zonal climate condition is not the cause of peat formation.It is illogical to analyze the rule of peat formation and distribution based on the index of zonal climate.Because of anthropogenic affection on the progress of peat formation and distribution, the natural distribution pattern of peatlands has been changed greatly, and the status quo of peat distribution is not the reflection of natural rule.If some conclusions on the formation and distribution rule of peatlands were coincided with the status quo of peatland distribution, it must not be the reflection of the natural distribution rule of peatlands.It is obviously that a correct conclusion can not be drawn to analyze the natural distribution rule of peatland based on the status quo of peat distribution.Zonal climate condition is not the causes why peat can not form somewhere.The facts that peat can be found in all natural zones, whose characteristics are similar, and it is unnecessary to make a difference among them, illuminated that peatlands are a kind of azonal complex.Although zonal air temperature and precipitation may play an important role on the area of peatland in different natural zone, zonal variation law is not a kind of statistic law rather a law on spatial change and "have and haven't" of natural complex.There are some differences among the peatlands in different regions, but the comparability among peatlands is their main characteristics.The differences and comparabilities of peatlands among difference regions both need to be taken into account.As a kind of azonal complex, the distribution rule of peatlands does not follow zonal variation law.

中图分类号:

P461

殷书柏, 吕宪国. “泥炭气候成因说”的探讨[J]. 地理科学, 2006, 26(3): 321-327.

YIN Shu-Bai, LU Xian-Guo. Discussion on "the Theory on Climate Cause of Peat Forming"[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2006, 26(3): 321-327.

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