Abstract: Having specified the main viewpoints of "the theory on climate cause of peat forming", and based on the analysis on the peat definition and the essence of organism accumulation in mire, the paper dissertated detailedly the role of zonal climate on peatland formation and distribution, and suggested that the formation and distribution rule of peatlands are not controlled by zonal climate condition.The peatland distribution does not follow the zonal variation law.Having analyzed the role and status of several contradictions connected with the formation and distribution of peatlands, which included the oppositions of zonal climate and mire microclimate, the status quo of peat distribution and peat natural distribution, the regions of no peat distribution and the regions where peat can not form, and region difference and the zonal variation law, the conclusion suggested that the explanation for the formation and distribution rule supported by "the theory on climate cause of peat forming" is illogic.Mire microclimate can form in different climate zones, and they all have the characteristics of wetness.The formation and distribution of peatlands are mainly related with microclimate and anaerobic condition resulting from inundation.Because of the redistribution of surface water inundation is not controlled by precipitation, and some regions where precipitation is little can also be inundated, which resulted in the formation of peatlands.Zonal air temperature and precipitation may affect the area of peatlands in different zones, but under the zonal climate condition, zonal natural complex should be developed, which illuminated that the zonal climate condition is not the cause of peat formation.It is illogical to analyze the rule of peat formation and distribution based on the index of zonal climate.Because of anthropogenic affection on the progress of peat formation and distribution, the natural distribution pattern of peatlands has been changed greatly, and the status quo of peat distribution is not the reflection of natural rule.If some conclusions on the formation and distribution rule of peatlands were coincided with the status quo of peatland distribution, it must not be the reflection of the natural distribution rule of peatlands.It is obviously that a correct conclusion can not be drawn to analyze the natural distribution rule of peatland based on the status quo of peat distribution.Zonal climate condition is not the causes why peat can not form somewhere.The facts that peat can be found in all natural zones, whose characteristics are similar, and it is unnecessary to make a difference among them, illuminated that peatlands are a kind of azonal complex.Although zonal air temperature and precipitation may play an important role on the area of peatland in different natural zone, zonal variation law is not a kind of statistic law rather a law on spatial change and "have and haven't" of natural complex.There are some differences among the peatlands in different regions, but the comparability among peatlands is their main characteristics.The differences and comparabilities of peatlands among difference regions both need to be taken into account.As a kind of azonal complex, the distribution rule of peatlands does not follow zonal variation law.