Abstract: According to the comparison among the Holocene sedimentary piles, as well as an analysis of the age data, granularity and the content of the mineral nutrient of deposits in ACN drilling sample, it is thought that Chaohu Lake impacted by the river mightily is a typical lake along Changjiang River, which experienced frequent river-lake interaction in the Holocene Epoch. Since the Holocene metaphase, the area of Chaohu Lake has remarkably contracted thrice, whose records were kept in the deposits. These records show that there was a contractive process between 5887-5680 a B. P. and then its area expanded renewedly; the sequent contractive process between 2239-2126 a B. P., which was formed under the climatic conditions of the second period of warming in Chinese history (the contemporaneous fluvial facies alluvium and warp clay is no other than the basement matter of the site of ancient culture in Chaohu Lake and its surroundings during the period between the Warring States and Han Dynasty), following expansion once more that even makes the ancient city of the Han Dynasty into the underwatersite; the last contractive process since 1827 a B. P., which has been a modern course of silting-up.