Abstract: For more truthfulness to reflect the ecological footprint(EF)and biocapacity of small towns in the same province, the paper synthetically analyzed and compared the merits and shortcomings of Ecological Footprint Model, and proposed pha(provincial hectare)as a new area unit to calculate small towns’ EF. For comparison, the EF within Yancheng Town(2004)was calculated in gha(global hectare)and pha, with both results compared and analyzed. The results showed that the EF within Yancheng Town(2004)was 1.711 ha·cap^-1 and the biocapacity was 0.985 ha·cap^-1, as a results, the ecological deficit was 0.726 ha·cap^-1. If using gha as unit area, the three indices mentioned above were 1.210 ha·cap^-1, 1.034 ha·cap^-1 and 0.176 ha·cap^-1. By comparing the ecological deficit/ surplus of land types within Yancheng Town and Shandong Province, it showed that the cultivated land, residential site and built-up land and forestland of Yancheng Town had ecological surplus, but, wasted land, water field and grassland had ecological deficit. The paper analyzed the main cause of the differences and proposed corresponding countermeasures. By comparing the EF within Yancheng Town, Shandong Province, China and world, it indicated that the ecological situation within Yancheng Town in 2004 was beneficial for a relatively sustainable track of development. It is found that using pha to calculate small towns’ecological footprint is well worth studying in application and some problems of calculation must be improved and perfected.