Abstract: The evidence of human activities around Jiangling area was revealed by sporo-pollen records from sediments in the Jiangling section, Hubei Province. The preliminary human activities started from about 6 200 yr B.P., marked by cultivation on economic crop Papaverraceae and the increased occurrence of pasture plant, such as Labiatae and Plantago. The increased herbs of pasture and crop suggested the primitive stockbreeding and agriculture in the study region. The human activities increased from about 4 700 yr B.P. The broad-leaved trees of Betula and Ulmus, and the aquatic herbs of Myriophyllum, and the spore of Selaginella and Microlepria, started to appear continuously in large amounts, and the weed plants of Artemisia had a speedy increase. The human activities were mainly agricultural planting and grazing near settlement, yet with small piece of economic trees. The large-scale human activities started from 3 400 yr B.P., the Gramineae content ascended fleetly, suggesting the extension of farmland around the lake shore. The broad-leaved trees of Betula, Ulmus, and the herbs of Papaverraceae, Labiatae, Plantago, Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Myriophyllum, and the spore of Selaginella, Microlepria had a evident increase. The increases in broad-leaved trees and weed herbs indicate the expansion of settlement around which broad-leaved trees were replanted. The extension of settlement and the enhancement of human activities resulted in the enhanced erosion of surface soil and the increase of coarse particle matters from land and nutritive material. The lacustrine sediments were characterized by the prompt increase of coarse materials, and frequent fluctuation of different forms of grain size, and high value of TOC, TN, and C/N, and low value of organic matter δ¹³C. The sedimental environment came to evident variance after 2 500 yr B.P., that is, lacustrine and limnic deposit became to floodplain deposit, and human evacuate from Jiangling area by degrees.