Abstract: The long-term lack of water-convey process in the lower reaches of the Tarim River has restrained natural development of main water course and caused serious degradation of the forest ecosystem in the river-bank of desert environment. The engineering reconstruction of the Tarim River carried out conveying of water straightway and maintained the integrality of river water system. It also transferred some ecology effects from the upper reaches to the lower reaches. However, the channel reconstruction brought out some problems. The change of natural flux of the water course has greatly restricted natural process of evolution of plant community in original green corridor of vegetation. To rehabilitate the retrogressive ecosystem in the region, firstly it need to understand the nature process of vegetation evolution, then to choice Tamarix sp. as major species for reclamation in extremely degraded area, and maintained the regeneration of community of desert vegetation and Populus sp. by giving more flooding water from the new building sluice and new channel.