地理科学

地理科学 ›› 2008, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (5): 616-623.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2008.05.616

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国中部平原村庄农业生产区位研究——以河南南阳黄庄为例

李小建1,2, 高更和2,3   

  1. 1. 河南财经学院资源环境科学系, 河南 郑州 450002;
    2. 河南大学环境与规划学院/黄河文明与可持续发展 研究中心, 河南 开封 475001;
    3. 南阳师范学院环境科学与旅游学院, 河南 南阳 473061
  • 收稿日期:2007-06-08 修回日期:2007-12-10 出版日期:2008-09-20 发布日期:2008-09-20
  • 作者简介:李小建(1954- ),男,河南孟津人,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为经济地理学。E-mail:xjli@henu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(编号:40535025);河南省社会科学重大项目(豫宣文2005-36)。

Agricultural location at the village level in Central China—A case study for Huangzhuang village in Nanyang city, Henan Province

LI Xiao-Jian1,2, GAO Geng-He2,3   

  1. 1. Department of Resources and Environmental Studies, Henan University of Finance and Economics, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
    2. College of Environment and Planning, Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China;
    3. College of Environment and Tourism Science, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
  • Received:2007-06-08 Revised:2007-12-10 Online:2008-09-20 Published:2008-09-20

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摘要： 通过对河南南阳黄庄村农户和农业生产调查以及遥感数据分析,发现人口高密度地区的平原村庄,在耕作半径极小的情况下,存在以住宅和村庄为中心的带状农业区位。从村边向外,可分为蔬菜带、蔬菜粮食混作带和粮食带。相应地,作物的劳动密集度逐渐降低,村地块的蔬菜种植面积比例以及农户微地块单位面积的投入和收益随距村庄距离距离的增加而减少,距离对农户农业生产区位的选择具有重要影响。该结果验证了杜能环在耕作半径较小的中国中部农村的存在,但是造成这种空间分异的根本原因并不是物理交通费用的不同,而是作物劳动密集度和地块肥力的差异,基于一定技术条件下的劳动力耕作能力也有一定影响。

Abstract: Research on micro-agricultural locations from perspective of farmers at village-level may help us to understand characteristics of agriculture location and its regional mechanism in the special circumstances of China.Drawing on data from remote sensing resolution and our surveys and interviews with the farmers on agricultural land use at Huangzhuang Village, Nanyang City, Henan Province, we found the agricultural belts surrounding the center of the village.In comparing to Tunnen’s agricultural model, the radius of belts was distributed in a very small scale.From the village outwards, the vegetable belt, cropping-vegetable mixed belt and food grain belt were classified.Over the belts, labor-intensity in farming production decreased gradually.Along with the increase of farming distance from the village, the ratio of vegetable land reduced, and accordingly the input as well as the income per acreage delined.Distance played an important role for farmers to decide agriculture locations.The results demonstrated the presence of Thunen belt in the small village of Central China, but the fundamental reasons behind were different from Thunen’s study.In stead of the physical distance and transport cost of goods from production place to the market, the key factor that determined the agricultural locations in this study was the production cost decided by labor-intensity in farming individual crops.Since vegetable production required large amount of labor force and village was the center of labor, the cost of communication from village to farmland should be much higher than the cost of vegetable transportation from farmland to market.This explained the concentration of vegetable production in the land close to village site.The case study is particularly important given the household responsible system that has been practiced since the early 1980s in rural China.It is the households, rather than the village, that decide types and area of crop production.If farmers have different farming behavior, or if the responsible arable land for a household is concentrates in certain areas, it would lead to different spatial patterns in agricultural land use.Accordingly, it should be cautious to use this result in other situations.

中图分类号: 

  • F901