Abstract: Appling the spatial analysis to the distances of prehistoric settlement sites of Zhengzhou-Luoyang region, we can find that more than 60% settlement sites of the four culture phases are located about 4km to the water system.This means that the selection strategy for habitation is near by the rivers in order to get the plentiful water and convenience transportation in prehistoric society.By analyzing the elevation of the sites of the settlement groups in different culture phases, the most elevation of the settlement sites is among 100 to 400m, and the number of sites whose elevation is lower than 100m is less than 10%.What is more, the average elevation of the settlement sites in 4 different culture phases is about 280m.This illuminates that the selection for elevation of habitation area has some qualification in prehistoric society.It is, the elevation of habitation area is very high, then the living and transportation condition is not convenience; but the elevation of habitation area is quite low, then the danger of floodwater is extraordinary big.The numbers of the settlements went up in a geometrical way from the early ages to the later times using time sequence analysis.In a word, using the case of the prehistoric settlement sites in Zhengzhou-Luoyang region, analyzing the relationship of settlement sites and its entironment features, and by means of spatial analysis method, the research finds the spatial distribution rules of settlement sites, discloses the core problem in geography, the relationship of the people and the earth, and illuminates the laws in the course of historical evolution.The research confirms that the spatial analysis method is a feasible and valid method for the settlement archaeology research.