Abstract: The evaluation of map quality is prime importance for the improvement of map design and application.To overcome and avoid the problems of weight determination and large sample size of mining information in the traditional evaluated methods, a novel method using the theory of set pair analysis (SPA) based on data mining are proposed to evaluate the map quality in this paper.The certainty and uncertainty of objective problems are treated as uncertain systems during the process of SPA, and the uncertainties are described by the connecting degree.However, The evaluation of map quality not only need to calculate identical degree, different degree and contrary degree between the evaluated index sets of sample and grade standard sets, but also to mine useful information from the discrepancy coefficient of connecting degree.The approaching degree is introduced to describe the fuzzy connecting degree between the index values, which are located in the neighbor discussed grade, the discussed grade.Then find the maximum membership degree based on the general connecting degree of the sample.To quantify the evaluated result, and the characteristic values are also calculated.Moreover, to confirm the reliability and the versatility of this improved SPA method, the application to a practical example, and the comparisons of evaluated results with the fuzzy mathematic method and expert evaluated method were conducted.The results show that the proposed method used to assess map quality is feasible and effective, and easy to operate.And the method has no limit on specimen modeling.This presented model also has provided the new reference for the evaluation of other uncertainty problems.