Abstract: Based on the 47-year meteorological observation data of the Shiyang River basin in 3 meteorological stations and 37-year crop growth data of agriculture station of Wuwei, the change of agricultural meteorology, hydrological characteristics as well as their effects of crop growth and yield were discussed. By climate warming effecting, ≥10℃accumulated temperature assumed increase tread stages of years, which linearity tendency rate were 99.0、105.7、115.8℃·10a-1 of upper 、middle 、down stream. The climate drought index assumed accretion tread stages of years of the rive basin. The upper stream warming and drying was the most obvious. The volume of inflow assumed decrease tread stages of years of the rive basin, which linearity tendency rate were 0.50.5 a hundred million m3·10a-1. The contradiction of agricultural using water was even more protruded. The warming crop area was increasing. The cooling crop area was decreasing. The grow process of crop was accelerated. The occurrence time was ahead. The interval days of Planting-Three leaves、Jointing-Heading were shorten 4d、7d to 80s. The days of Flowering-Ripening weren’t obvious change. The temperature was main factor effected crop yield. The negative effect stages of wheat yield were Seeding stage and Milking stage. The positive effect stage was Jointing-Heading. The whole growth of corn and cotton yield was mainly positive effect. The promote effect of growth later was even more obvious. It was safe to disease path eggs live through the winter, which base was increasing. The disease reproducing and growth time were ahead,. Its occurrence generation number was increasing and harm time was longer. The harm assumed aggravated tread stages of years.