Abstract: The external cost of transportation has become the focus of scholars and governments′attention.In the macroscopic scale and regional perspective,considering the reality that transportation costs still not contain the external costs and the theoretic demand to study on the external costs,taking the Changjiang River Delta as the case,the external costs and its pattern in the Changjiang River Delta are illustrated in this paper,then the effect considering the external costs or not on the spatial pattern of comprehensive transportation costs are elaborated by comparison analysis.The findings show that the external costs in the Changjiang River Delta is huge, and its spatial pattern takes obvious polarization characteristics,the external costs of Shanghai is extremely high than other nodes,and the external costs of central cities,the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou area and the area along Hangzhou Bay is generally higher,but the external costs of most nodes in other area is low,the difference among them are not clear.On the whole,the effect on the pattern of comprehensive transportation costs in the Changjiang River Delta is not significantly considering the external cost or not,the"center-periphery"pattern has changed little,comprehensive transportation cost of Shanghai is predominance,Jiangsu region slightly better than Zhejiang region.Because of the relative large transportation turnover,the comprehensive transportation costs of central cities rise relatively considering external costs,however,those county nodes decline relatively. From the perspective of whole region,the disparity of comprehensive transportation costs both among the main cities and between the main cities and the county nodes are narrowed by introducing the external costs,and the equilibrium of comprehensive transportation costs is improved,which will contribute to the development of those regions with higher comprehensive transportation costs.