地理科学 ›› 2011, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 440-446.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2011.04.440

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆南疆地区土地利用变化及其生态效应

满苏尔·沙比提, 陆吐布拉·依明   

  1. 新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054
  • 收稿日期:2010-07-21 修回日期:2010-10-22 出版日期:2011-04-20 发布日期:2011-04-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(40961032)资助。

Land Use Change and its Eco-effects in Southern Xinjiang, China

Mansur SABIT, Lutpulla IMIN   

  1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
  • Received:2010-07-21 Revised:2010-10-22 Online:2011-04-20 Published:2011-04-20

摘要: 基于GIS平台,以新疆各县市统计数据为基础,对南疆土地利用变化特征及其生态效应进行分析。分析得出:① 近12 a间耕地、园地、林地、水域及建设用地面积增加,而草地和未利用土地面积减少。12 a间土地利用综合动态度为0.88%,园地、建设用地和耕地的年变化率较大;林地、草地、水域和未利用土地的较低。土地利用变化存在明显的区域差异,巴州除未利用土地以外,土地利用类型的变幅均大于全区相应土地利用类型的变幅,和田所有土地利用类型的变幅均小于全区的变幅。② 绿洲耕地面积的扩展以牺牲自然荒漠植被为代价,致使绿洲生态问题日益突出,主要表现为植被退化、沙漠化、生境质量下降、土壤盐渍化和水质恶化等。

Abstract: Based on the GIS, and the statistical data of cities and counties of Xinjiang, this paper analyzed the characters of land use change and its eco-effects in southern Xinjiang. The results showed that: 1) In 1996-2008, arable land, garden, forest, water area and construction land have increased, however, the grass land and unused land area decreased. The dynamical degree of land use was 0.88%, garden, construction land and arable land showed bigger annual change rates; forest, grass land, water area and unused area showed smaller annual change rates. There was an obvious regional difference in land use change. Except the unused land area, the other types of land use changes in Bazhou were bigger than the same types land use changes in whole Southern Xinjiang, while the all types of land use changes in Hotan were smaller than the same types land use changes. 2) With the increase of population, human activities changed land use structures, enlarged oasis arable land area, which brought destructions to the desert vegetation. The bad ecological effects were as follows: desertification, land solemnization, land barrenization, arable land pollution, reducing of grassland, ecological deterioration of plain reservoir and ecological degradation of ecotone between oasis and desert, as a result, the sustainable development of oasis was affected seriously by these effects.

中图分类号: 

  • F301.24