1766~1911年黄河中游汛期水情变化特征研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.01.94

地理科学 ›› 2012, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 94-100.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.01.94

1766~1911年黄河中游汛期水情变化特征研究

潘威^1,²(), 庄宏忠¹, 李卓仑³, 叶盛¹

1.陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院GIS实验室, 陕西西安 710062
2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101
3.兰州大学资源环境学院, 甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2011-01-28 修回日期:2011-04-04 出版日期:2012-01-20 发布日期:2012-01-20
作者简介:
作者简介：潘威（1981-）,男,上海宝山人,博士后,主要从事历史自然地理和历史地理信息系统研究。E-mail: panwei@snnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划（973计划）项目（2010CB950100）、中国博士后科学基金项目（20090461280）、陕西师范大学人文社会科学基金项目(09SYB06)资助

Hydrological Changing in the Middle Reaches of the Huanghe River During Flood Seasons of 1766-1911

Wei PAN^1,²(), Hong-zhong ZHUANG¹, Zhuo-lun LI³, Sheng YE¹

1. Center for Historical Environment and Socio-Economic Development in Northwest China ,Shaanxi Normal University, Xi`an, Shaanxi 710062, China
2. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101,China
3. College of Earth and Enviromental Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000,China

Received:2011-01-28 Revised:2011-04-04 Online:2012-01-20 Published:2012-01-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据1766~1911年万锦滩汛期涨水情况的历史文献记录,重建研究时段内黄河三门峡断面逐年汛期流量R（10⁹m³/a ）和汛期开始时间T（侯尺度）,其平均水平分别为径流量R=51.06×10⁹m³/a,汛期开始时间T平均情况为7月上旬（7月第2个侯）,对应于梅雨结束平均日期。研究时段内,1840 s前流量平,汛期开始时间总体较稳定;1840~1850 s流量普遍偏丰,汛期到来偏晚;1860 s开始流量减少,汛期提前,此阶段持续约40 a左右,是近300 a中黄河中游产流微弱持续最长的1个时期。

关键词: 黄河中游, 汛期, 三门峡, 夏季风, 径流量

Abstract:

Climate change and regional development under the background of water resource decreased over the Yellow River basin, which is under the monsoon climate control. The runoffs during flood season in the Yellow River is about 60%-70%. Rain-fed agriculture is the most important ecnomy part of China during the past thousands of years, while rainy summer and autumn leads to rivers flood, so in history Chinese government must predominate the flood to avoid the agricultural loss. According to the historical records of water level in the Wanjintan during 1766-1911 A D, the reconstruction of the flood flow (R) of Sanmenxia section sequences, and the start time of 115-year flood. Its multi-year average runoffs are R=51.06×10⁹ m³/yr, and the average flood conditions for the start time T is in the early July. Wavelet shows the a 50-year cycle in the runoff series. The results show that: the runoffs in the middle reaches of the Huanghe River has inter-annual and inter-decadal oscillations like 6-8 years, quasi-22 years and 50 years. The determination of the quasi-22 years is link to the changing of Wolf Sunspot Numbers. The solar activity was significant during the 1830s. ENSO event is negative with the changing of natural runoff at the inter-annual scale. There was a low-flow period in the last 4 eras of LIA, and it has been the longest low-flow period since 1766 A D. The summer is the key reason of the changing of flood season beginning time for the unstable rainband moving from the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River to the middle reaches of the Huanghe River. Based on water level of Wanjintan in the middle reach of Yellow River（Sanmenxia, Henan）in the 1766-1911s were recorded the time of rising water. Under the 5-days scale, establishing the beginning time of flood season in Sanmenxia in the study period. The results show that: 1766-1840s is the start time of flood season in the middle reaches of the average level; in 1840-1860s the beginning time of flood season come late; in 1860~1890s the beginning time of flood season advance again. In the study period, the average beginning time of flood season in the middle reaches of Yellow River is in the early July, the end time of rainy in the middle reach of Changjiang River have a good correspondence. However, summer wind rain-band moving is the main driving factors of changing of flood season beginning. The delay of flood season to about one pentad in the middle reaches of the Yellow River from 1870 to 1900 is in accordance with the relative low temperature of the Loess Plateau in summer, while the early flood season of the middle reaches of the Yellow River and Qin River is correspondent with the relative high temperature of summer in the Loess Plateau.

Key words: the middle reaches of Yellow River, flood season, Sanmenxia, summer monsoon, runoffs

中图分类号:

K928.43

潘威, 庄宏忠, 李卓仑, 叶盛. 1766~1911年黄河中游汛期水情变化特征研究[J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(1): 94-100.

Wei PAN, Hong-zhong ZHUANG, Zhuo-lun LI, Sheng YE. Hydrological Changing in the Middle Reaches of the Huanghe River During Flood Seasons of 1766-1911[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2012, 32(1): 94-100.

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年代(年)	R（10⁸m³/a）	A	AT(℃)	ENSO(L:E）^[23]	sm^[18]
1770	487.43	-2.4（5）	0.1	5:1	-
1780	516.88	0.4（5）	-0.2	5:2	-
1790	506.73	-2.5（10）	-1.1	3:5,(1791,1792）	-
1800	492.95	-2.0（8）	-0.7	5:2	-
1810	509.00	-1.6（10）	-0.9	4:3,(1816)	-
1820	528.20	5.2（10）	-0.9	3:4	+
1830	563.60	0.9（10）	-0.8	0:4,(1833,1839)	+
1840	687.35	8.3（9）	-0.9	2:2	+
1850	650.65	4.3（6）	-0.3	2:3,(1852,1856)	+
1860	477.29	0.8（6）	-0.1	5:2,(1869)	+
1870	440.47	-1.3（6）	-1.4	5:2,（1877,1878)	-
1880	394.06	-4.2（10）	-1.3	3:3	-
1890	412.25	0.7（9）	-1.0	4:1	-
1900	509.00	-3.7（9）	-0.5	4:4,（1901,1905,1906）	-

1766~1911年黄河中游汛期水情变化特征研究

Hydrological Changing in the Middle Reaches of the Huanghe River During Flood Seasons of 1766-1911

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