地理科学

地理科学 ›› 2012, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 1384-1390.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.011.1384

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不同空间尺度DEM对山区气温空间分布模拟的影响——以浙江省仙居县为例

李军1(), 黄敬峰2, 游松财3   

  1. 1. 重庆师范大学地理科学学院GIS应用研究重庆市高校重点实验室, 重庆 400047
    2. 浙江大学农业遥感与信息技术研究所, 浙江 杭州 310029
    3. 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100048
  • 收稿日期:2011-12-20 修回日期:2012-03-02 出版日期:2012-11-20 发布日期:2012-11-20
  • 作者简介:

    作者简介：李 军（1974-）,男,天津杨柳青人,博士,副研究员,主要从事农业遥感和地理信息系统应用研究。E-mail：junli@cqnu.edu.cn

  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业（气象）科研专项项目（GYHY201106025）、国家自然科学基金项目（40701148）、重庆师范大学基金项目（11XLB050）资助

The Different Spatial-scaling Effect of DEM Resolution on the Simulation of Temperature Spatial Distribution in Mountainous Area: A Case Study in Xianju County, Zhejiang Province

Jun LI1(), Jing-feng HUANG2, Song-cai YOU3   

  1. 1. College of Geography Science, Key Laboratory of GIS Application, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 400047, China
    2.Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China
    3. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100048, China
  • Received:2011-12-20 Revised:2012-03-02 Online:2012-11-20 Published:2012-11-20

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摘要：

以浙江省仙居县为实验样区,通过气温空间分布的地形调节统计模型,使用10个气象站（哨）气温资料和4种不同空间分辨率的DEM（5 m,源于1∶1万数字化地形图;30 m,来源于Aster GDEM v2;90 m,来源于SRTM v4.1;900 m,源于GTOPO30’）模拟不同空间尺度年均气温空间分布,比较其误差大小及随宏观地形（海拔高度）和微观地形（坡度和坡向）的分布差异。结果表明：基于4种不同空间分辨率DEM模拟气温呈较大空间分布差异性;随着DEM空间分辨率减小,误差逐渐增加,空间差异性降低。微观地形因子（坡度和坡向）随空间分辨率的变化产生显著变化,明显影响气温空间分布,不同坡度和坡向间年均气温差最高可达到10~12.5℃,最小仅为1.9~2.6℃。

关键词: DEM, 空间尺度, 山区, 气温

Abstract:

In mountainous areas, the terrain factors (e.g., elevation, slope, aspect, hillshade) are the main factors that affect the spatial distribution of temperature. Calculating the temperature over rugged terrain is very difficult. In the mountainous regions of complicated landform and great height difference, the observation data of the existing weather stations are far from enough to reflect the spatial distribution of the air temperature. However, in recent twenty years, digital elevation model (DEM) and digital topography analysis of GIS technology provide a better way to research the spatial distribution of temperature in mountainous areas. Previous studies have shown that the accuracy of topographic factors derived from DEM with different resolutions varies greatly due to the scaling effect. Accordingly, the simulation of temperature spatial distribution also is influenced by DEM at different spatial scales. In this paper, Xianju County in Zhejiang Province is selected as the study area.The topography-adjusted statistical model is applied to simulate annual temperature with different resolutions based on temperature data from 10 meteorological stations and different resolutions (5 m, 30 m, 90 m, and 900 m) DEM data derived from 1∶10 000 digital topographic map, Aster GDEM, SRTM 90 m and GTOPO30’, respectively. It is hypothesized that the temperature map with 5 m resolution is relatively accurate and the errors between the other temperature map with different resolutions and 5 m temperature map are compared and analyzed. Moreover, the temperatures with different grid cell sizes differ significantly with topography in macro and micro scale. The topographic and spatial-scaling effects are analyzed on the temperature simulation in Xianju County. The results show that the spatial distribution of the simulated temperature based on different resolution DEM has great different characteristics. The simulated temperature error increases gradually with the decrease of DEM resolution and the spatial heterogeneity decreases. The terrain factors such as slope gradient and aspect in micro topography scale have significant change with DEM resolution and then have great effect on the spatial distribution of temperature. With the decrease of DEM resolution, terrain is smoothing, the mean value of slope decreases, and lapse rate of temperature decreases. The minimum effect of DEM resolution on temperature simulation is in low elevation (elevation < 100 m) area. The error of the simulated temperature is only less than 0.3℃. In the area , the elevation range is from 100 m to 200 m, and the error is about 1.1℃. The temperature error will reach 2.1-2.4℃ in higher elevation (elevation>200 m). It is found that the coarser the resolution is, the smoother the terrain is. Moreover, with the DEM grid size increasing, variation of aspect and slope cause the decrease in the spatial heterogeneity of the simulated temperature. The maximum temperature difference in different slope gradient and aspect may reach 10-12.5℃, while the minimum difference is only about 1.9-2.6℃.

Key words: DEM, resolution, mountainous area, temperature

中图分类号: 

  • P468.0