基于局部空间统计的产业集群空间分析——以北京市制造业集群为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.05.530

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

将集群识别与空间分析相结合,通过全国集群模板识别产业集群,进而利用局部空间统计方法,探测产业集群的空间布局特征。利用2008年北京市和全国经济普查数据,从产业联系的角度识别了北京市制造业集群,在此基础上进一步测度了北京市制造业集群的空间分布现状与布局特征。研究发现,北京市制造业集群主要分布在近郊区并向远郊区延伸,资源条件、政策环境、交通区位、历史因素等多种区位因子均对集群的区位选择产生影响。从总体分布来看,北京市制造业集群的空间布局存在分布比较分散、功能重叠或与区县功能定位不符等问题。未来在政策制定时,应进一步强化北京市制造业集群的空间集聚,发挥区域产业政策的引导作用,并不断依托产业园区优化集群发展环境,引导符合区县功能定位的制造业集群发展。

关键词: 产业集群, 空间分析, 局部空间统计, 北京市

Abstract:

Incorporating local spatial autocorrelation analysis into the identification of regional industry clusters, this article presents a useful method for regional industry cluster analysis, which can clearly identify the spatial distribution patterns of regional industry clusters. We use the national benchmark industrial clusters as the template, and apply local spatial autocorrelation analysis based on the local Getis and Ord G statistic to analyze the spatial distributions of manufacturing clusters in Beijing. Our data are drawn from the Beijing Economic Census and the National Economic Census in 2008. We find out that the manufacturing clusters of Beijing are mainly located in the suburban areas, and new investment and development areas are the main locations attracting the manufacturing industries to concentrate and form industry clusters. Through analyzing the spatial patterns of Beijing’s manufacturing clusters, we find out that 1) historical path-dependency, natural resources conditions, transportation accessibility, regional policies and so on are the factors driving the formation of manufacturing clusters in Beijing’s suburbs; 2) manufacturing clusters related with industrial linkages are often located near to each other; 3) manufacturing clusters are scattered throughout the suburbs in Beijing, and different clusters have various location patterns; and 4) the functional divisions of industry sectors within the cluster over space are not distinct, and many clusters are duplicated in industry components at different locations, which leads to the overlap of functional divisions of areas. Therefore we suggest to further improve the agglomeration of manufacturing clusters in Beijing, to clearly indentify the regional functions and to guide manufacturing clusters through proper regional policies, so as to enhance the regional divisions and specializations of manufacturing clusters based on the regional functions and specialty.

Key words: industry clusters, spatial analysis, local spatial statistics, Beijing

中图分类号:

K902

刘霄泉, 孙铁山, 李国平. 基于局部空间统计的产业集群空间分析——以北京市制造业集群为例[J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(5): 530-535.

Xiao-quan LIU, Tie-shan SUN, Guo-ping LI. Spatial Analysis of Industry Clusters Based on Local Spatial Statistics:A Case Study of Beijing’s Manufacturing Industry Clusters[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2012, 32(5): 530-535.

图/表 4

表 1

图1

图2

图3

参考文献 31

[2]	张华,梁进社.产业空间集聚及其效应的研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2007,26(2):14~24.
[3]	Czamanski S, Ablas L A.Identification of industrial clusters and complexes: a comparison of methods and findings[J].Urban Studies,1979, (16): 61-80.
[4]	王缉慈. 地方产业群战略[J].中国工业经济,2002,(3):47~54.
[5]	李春娟,尤振来.产业集群识别方法综述及评价[J].城市问题,2008,(12):29~33.
[6]	贺灿飞,潘峰华.产业地理集中、产业集聚与产业集群:测量与辨识[J].地理科学进展,2007,26(2):1~12.
[7]	李广志,李同升,孙文文,等.产业集群的识别与选择分析——基于陕西省产业集群的研究[J].人文地理,2007,22(6):5,57~60.
[8]	贺灿飞,梁进社,张华.区域制造业集群的辨识——以北京市制造业为例[J].地理科学, 2005,25(5):521~528.
[9]	Porter M E.The competitive advantage of nations[M]. New York: Free Press, 1990.
[10]	Porter M E.Clusters and the new economics of competition[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1998,76(6): 77-90.
[11]	Porter M E.Location, competition, and economic development: local clusters in a global economy[J]. Economic Development Quarterly, 2000,14(1): 15-34.
[12]	王今. 产业集聚的识别理论与方法研究[J].经济地理,2005,25(1):9~15.
[13]	潘峰华. 产业集群的辨识及其特征分析——以浙江省制造业为例[J].地理科学进展, 2007,26(4):130~140.
[14]	孙铁山,卢明华,李国平.全国基准产业集群识别及在区域经济分析中的应用——以北京市为例[J].地理研究, 2008,27(4):873~884.
[15]	Feser E J, Bergman E M.National Industry cluster templates:A framework for applied regional cluster analysis[J]. Regional Studies, 2000, 34(1):1-19.
[16]	Feser E.J. An updated set of benchmark value chains for the United States, 1997[J]. Regional Economics Applications Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2004.
[17]	贺灿飞. 中国制造业地理集中与集聚[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[18]	陆军,宋吉涛.北京大都市区制造业空间集聚研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2011.
[19]	贺灿飞,谢秀珍.中国制造业地理集中与省区专业化[J].地理学报,2006,61(2):212~222.
[20]	Fan C, Scott A. Industrial agglomeration and development: a survey of spatial economic issues in East Asia and a statistical analysis of Chinese regions[J]. Economic Geography, 2003, 79(3): 295-319.
[21]	贺灿飞,潘峰华,孙蕾.中国制造业的地理集聚与形成机制[J].地理学报,2007,62(12):1253~1264.
[22]	Wen M. Relocation and agglomeration of Chinese industry[J]. Journal of Development Economics, 2004, 73(1): 329~347.
[23]	路江涌,陶志刚.中国制造业区域聚集及国际比较[J].经济研究,2006,(3):103~114.
[24]	张文彬,黄佳金.1988~2003年中国制造业地理集中的时空演变特点[J].经济评论,2007,(1):118~123.
[25]	杨振山,蔡建明.空间统计学进展及其在经济地理研究中的应用[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(6):757~768.
[26]	马骊.空间统计与空间计量经济方法在经济研究中的应用[J].统计与决策,2007,(19):29~31.
[27]	陈斐,陈秀山.局部空间统计在区域经济分析中的应用[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2006,45(4):51~55.
[28]	Getis A, Ord J K.The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics[J].Geographical Analysis, 1992,24(3):189-206.
[29]	Ord J K, Getis A.Local spatial autocorrelation statistics: distributional issues and an application[J]. Geographical Analysis, 1995,27(4):286-306.
	[30] 张松林,张昆.空间自相关局部指标Moran指数和G系数研究[30] 张松林,张昆.空间自相关局部指标Moran指数和G系数研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(3):31~34.
[30]	张松林,张昆.空间自相关局部指标Moran指数和G系数研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2007,27(3):31~34.
[1]	张占仓.国外产业集群研究走势[J],经济地理,2006,26(5):737~741.
[31]	马延吉.区域产业集聚理论初步研究[J].地理科学,2007,27(6):756~760.

制造业集群		工业总产值			区位商
制造业集群		总额（亿元）		比例（%）	位序
1	食品饮料及医药业集群	459.6	4.30	6	1.21
2	烟草业集群	29.8	0.28	14	0.24
3	纺织服装业集群	193.2	1.81	8	0.26
4	造纸及印刷包装业集群	327.8	3.07	7	0.62
5	都市型工业集群	115.8	1.08	12	0.66
6	石化工业集群	783.3	7.33	3	1.15
7	化学原料制造业集群	133.8	1.25	11	0.35
8	化学品制造业集群	165.0	1.54	9	0.54
9	非金属矿物制品业集群	139.7	1.31	10	0.57
10	黑色金属冶炼及加工业集群	598.0	5.59	5	0.63
11	交通运输设备制造业集群	47.0	0.44	13	0.16
12	汽车及装备制造业集群	1635.6	15.30	2	1.54
13	电子元器件制造业集群	649.8	6.08	4	1.18
14	电子及通信设备制造业集群	1987.7	18.59	1	3.12