社会关系嵌入与产业转移的区位选择——宁波服装业案例研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.07.835

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从企业社会关系网络嵌入的视角,以宁波服装企业和机构为访谈调研对象,追寻众多宁波服装企业早期发展的历史,研究上海与宁波两地基于历史原因形成的社会关系嵌入——“红帮师傅”对上海服装业转移中区位选择的影响。研究发现,上海国有服装企业中宁波籍“红帮师傅”,是理解上海服装企业在向外转移加工业务的过程中为何选择宁波服装企业的关键因素。在宁波服装业的早期发展阶段,“红帮师傅”充当了宁波服装企业与上海服装企业建立业务联系的桥梁,不仅将自己所在服装企业的加工业务介绍给宁波的服装企业,还利用自己的社会网络,将上海其它服装企业引荐给宁波服装企业,使宁波服装企业从上海获得了大量的加工业务。另外,“红帮师傅”还亲自或引荐其它服装技师为宁波的服装企业提供必要的技术指导。对理解非经济因素对产业转移区位选择的影响提供了一个有意义的实证案例,为欠发达地区吸引发达地区的产业转移提供了一种新的思路。

关键词: 社会关系, 嵌入, 产业转移, 区位选择, 宁波

Abstract:

The industrial transfer theories based on cost difference analysis explain the driving forces and direction of industrial transfer at the macro level, but failed to explain in the geographical location of enterprises in the transfers. In fact, location selection of enterprises in the transfers do not only depend on economic factors such as labor cost, tariff cost, and transportation cost, but also the different social networks of the places where it migrates out and resettles in. From the perspective of the “embeddeness” social network of the enterprises, this article analyzes the role of social network in the transfer of garment industry from Shanghai to Ningbo. It finds out that the “Hong Bang Masters” working in Shanghai garment industry has been a key factor for the transfer of garment industry in Shanghai. In the early development of garment industry in Ningbo, “Hong Bang Masters” was the bridge between Shanghai and Ningbo garment enterprises. They had not only introduced processing business to the Ningbo garment enterprises, but also established networks between Shanghai and Ningbo garment enterprises, thus, helping the Ningbo garment enterprises obtain a large amount of processing businesses. Besides, these “Hong Bang Masters” had provided technical guidance to the Ningbo garment enterprises in person or by introducing other garment technicians.

Key words: social relations, embeddedness, industrial transfer, location choice, Ningbo

中图分类号:

k902

谭文柱. 社会关系嵌入与产业转移的区位选择——宁波服装业案例研究[J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(7): 835-839.

Wen-zhu TAN. Social Network Embeddedness and Firm Relocation: A Case Study of the Garment Industry in Ningbo, China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2012, 32(7): 835-839.

图/表 2

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宁波服装企业名称	上海服装企业名称
奉化罗蒙西服厂	上海培罗蒙服装店
奉化培罗成西服厂	上海培罗蒙服装店
老K制衣公司	上海服装研究所
奉化服装厂	上海春秋服装店
奉化衬衫厂	上海南海衬衫商店
奉化第六衬衫厂	上海万象公司
鄞县青春服装厂（雅戈尔前身）	上海开开公司
大桥服装厂	上海新春服装店
奉化溪口服装厂	上海西服厂
宁波甬港服装总厂（杉杉前身）	上海春秋服装公司
奉化第二衬衫厂	上海第一衬衫厂
镇海服装厂	上海华中西服厂

宁波服装企业	聘请的“红帮师傅”	“红帮师傅”所在的上海服装企业或服装店
雅戈尔集团	王良然、夏定国、柴建明	上海开开、上海人立服装店
杉杉集团	孙富昌、陈菊堂、李峰	上海春秋服装公司
罗蒙集团	余元芳、陆成法、董龙清	上海培罗蒙、春秋服装公司
培罗成集团	陆成法、陆梅堂和陆宝荣	上海纺织局、上海培罗蒙