渤海湾西北岸1974~2010年逐年填海造陆进程分析

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.08.1006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自20世纪70年代以来,渤海湾西北岸陆续实施了大量填海工程,形成了目前中国最大的人工填海造陆区,有必要对其进行精确和连续的监测与分析。以1974~2010年逐年MSS/TM/ETM影像为主要数据源,利用RS/GIS技术,分析了研究区填海造陆的动态空间分布和数量变化特性。36 a间,研究区共填海901.7 km²,主要在滩涂和近海进行,海岸线长度从1974年的224.9 km增长到2010年的536.7 km,填海区的重心总体上从东北向西南方向迁移了26.3 km。将研究期细分为5个阶段进行深入分析发现：研究区海岸线长度增量与填海造陆规模呈正相关关系;填海利用方式经历了盐田为主→盐田和水产养殖相结合→港口和临港工业为主的发展历程;以天津港和曹妃甸港及各自的临港工业区为填海造陆中心和副中心的格局已经形成。

关键词: 填海造陆, 逐年, 海岸线, RS, GIS, 渤海湾西北岸

Abstract:

From 1970s, many projects of land reclamation from the sea were implemented in the northwest coast of Bohai Bay successively. Therefore this region becomes the biggest zone of artificial land reclamation from the sea in China at present. It is necessary to monitor and analyze these changes accurately and continuously. Using the annual MSS/TM/ETM images from 1974 to 2010 and based on comprehensive analysis of GIS and RS, the spatial variance and quantitative changes of land reclamation from the sea in the study area were obtained. During the past 36 years, the main land increased 901.7 km² which mainly reclaimed from tidal flat and offshore. The coastline increased from 224.9 km in 1974 to 536.7 km in 2010 and the barycenter of total reclamation area transferred 26.3 km from northeast to southwest continuously. Then, 5 phases were divided based on the annual change of land reclamation and some results could be concluded as follow. 1) the increment of coastline length was positively correlated with annual reclamation area. 2) the aim of land reclamation from the sea experienced several development courses: “saltern-oriented” →“combining saltern and aquaculture”→“combining port and port-vicinity industry”. 3) Tianjin Port with its port-vicinity industry zones and Caofeidian Port with its port-vicinity industry zones became the center and sub-center of land reclamation from the sea respectively.

Key words: land reclamation from the sea, annual process, coastline, RS, GIS, northwest coast of Bohai Bay

中图分类号:

P737.1

朱高儒, 许学工. 渤海湾西北岸1974~2010年逐年填海造陆进程分析[J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(8): 1006-1012.

Gao-ru ZHU, Xue-gong XU. Annual Processes of Land Reclamation from the Sea Along the Northwest Coast of Bohai Bay During 1974 to 2010[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2012, 32(8): 1006-1012.

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大类	具体类型	数据描述	数据来源	备注
遥感影像	MSS	1974-06-05, 1975-03-11, 1976-09-19, 1979-09-04, 1982-09-15 (1982-05-13)	① 国际科学数据服务平台; ② 中国科学院对地观测中心 ③ 美国马里兰大学全球土地覆盖研究部	① 缺少1977, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1986年影像;② “( )”内为拼接图幅的日期
	TM	1984-09-10, 1987-03-27, 1988-09-21, 1989-08-23, 1990-08-10, 1991-09-30, 1992-07-30, 1993-06-15, 1994-09-06, 1995-05-04, 1996-05-22, 1997-05-25, 1998-09-01, 2004-10-03, 2005-09-04, 2006-07-21, 2007-09-10, 2008-09-02, 2009-08-30, 2010-08-17
	ETM	1999-08-11, 2000-06-10, 2001-09-01, 2002-05-31, 2003-05-18, 2008-09-20
其他数据	DEM	全国1:25万地形数据库j5003, j5004, j5007, j5008分幅	国家基础地理信息中心	1995年
	海图	秦皇岛港至岐河口海图	中国人民解放军司令部航海保证部	2004年
	行政区界	天津滨海新区、唐山曹妃甸新区、丰南工业区界	行政区划、规划图