季节性积雪区不同遮挡条件下深霜发育比较

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.08.979

地理科学 ›› 2012, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 979-985.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.08.979

季节性积雪区不同遮挡条件下深霜发育比较

洪雯^1,²(), 魏文寿³, 刘明哲^1,⁴, 陆恒^1,², 韩茜^1,²

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2.中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049
3.中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐 830002
4.中国科学院天山积雪雪崩研究站,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2011-08-29 修回日期:2011-11-10 出版日期:2012-08-20 发布日期:2012-07-13
作者简介:
作者简介：洪雯(1983-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,博士研究生,从事自然地理及气候环境变化研究。E-mail: platypusmanor @hotmail.com或platypus11.11@163.com
基金资助:
干旱内陆区冰雪资源动态监测与可持续利用评估研究(GYHY200706008)、新疆现代与历史暖湿化过程及对生态环境影响(2005DIB6J113)、新疆生态与地理研究所绿洲学者“博士”人才培养计划(0771021)、中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划(RCPY200902)项目、国家自然科学基金面上项目（41171066）资助

Depth Hoar Development Under Different Shading Conditions in Seasonal Snow Cover

Wen HONG^1,²(), Wen-shou WEI³, Ming-zhe LIU^1,⁴, Heng LU^1,², Xi HAN^1,²

1.Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
2.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830002, China
4.Tianshan Station for Snow Cover and Avalanche Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China

Received:2011-08-29 Revised:2011-11-10 Online:2012-08-20 Published:2012-07-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以中国科学院天山积雪雪崩研究站为研究区,在2009~2010年冬季观测期利用体视显微镜(XTZ-E)及拍照设备和雪特性分析仪(Snow Fork),对3种遮挡条件的开阔地(0遮挡)、树缘(50 %遮挡)和树下(90 %遮挡)的积雪深霜进行连续观测,比较和分析西北季节性积雪区不同遮挡条件下的深霜发育特征。研究表明：1) 深霜发育主要受温度制约,其次是温度梯度。由不同遮挡条件引起积雪累积和太阳辐射差异而导致雪深不同,从而形成的温度环境差异,是深霜发育差异的根本原因。2) 深霜发育厚度与雪深呈正相关关系,有开阔地(0遮挡)>树缘(50 %遮挡)>树下(90 %遮挡),融雪期深霜的消减速率为树下>开阔地>树缘。3) 深霜冰晶粒径呈先减小(稳定累积期-过渡期)再增大(-融雪期)的变化,积雪稳定累积期后,深霜粒径开阔地>树缘>树下。4)2009~2010年冬季雪深大,因而圆角深霜(DHxr)和圆角刻面冰晶(FCxr)在深霜中发育最多,二者共占70 %~80 %。开阔地易发育杯型深霜(DHcp),树缘和树下则易发育柱状条纹深霜(DHla)、棱柱状深霜(DHpr)和刻面冰晶(FCso)。深霜中胶结态冰晶约占10%~30 %,其比例在开阔地深霜中递减,而在树缘和树下处递增。

关键词: 季节性积雪, 深霜(DH), 遮挡条件, 冰晶粒径, 晶型

Abstract:

Depth hoar (DH) under different shading conditions in seasonal snow cover was studied in Tianshan Station Snow Cover and Avalanche Research Station in the winter of 2009-2010. Optical stereo microscope and the portable equipment Snow Fork were used to observe the grain size and shapes as well as water content and density of DH in the open ground (0 % shaded), canopy edge (50 % shaded) and canopied zone(90 % shaded). Results showed that: 1) DH growth primarily depends on temperature, and secondarily on temperature gradient. Temperature condition, caused by snow thickness depends on the snow accumulation and solar radiation, is the fundamental reason of DH’s differences under different shading conditions. 2) Both the snow depth and DH thickness indicate a diminishing sequence of open ground>canopy edge>canopied zone. In the snowmelt period, the decreasing rate of DH thickness shows canopied zone>open ground>canopy edge. 3) The DH grain size shows a decreasing trend at first stage (stable accumulation period - transition period) and then increase at the following stage (-snowmelt period). The rank of grain size keeps in the order of open ground>canopy edge> canopied zone after the stable accumulation period. 4) Due to the large snow thickness in the winter of 2009-2010, rounding depth hoar(DHxr) and rounding faceted particles(FCxr) are the two predominant grain shapes in DH, which accounted for 70%-80%. Hollow cups (DHcp) prefer to develop at open ground, while large striated crystals(DHla), hollow prisms(DHpr) and faceted particles (FCso) incline to grow at canopy edge and canopied zone. There are approximately 10%-30% congregate crystals in DH. The ratio declines at open ground and rises at canopy edge and canopied zone along time scale.

Key words: seasonal snow cover, depth hoar (DH), shading conditions, grain size, grain shape

中图分类号:

P426

洪雯, 魏文寿, 刘明哲, 陆恒, 韩茜. 季节性积雪区不同遮挡条件下深霜发育比较[J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(8): 979-985.

Wen HONG, Wen-shou WEI, Ming-zhe LIU, Heng LU, Xi HAN. Depth Hoar Development Under Different Shading Conditions in Seasonal Snow Cover[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2012, 32(8): 979-985.

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季节性积雪区不同遮挡条件下深霜发育比较

Depth Hoar Development Under Different Shading Conditions in Seasonal Snow Cover

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